os妯″潡

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Python鐨勬爣鍑嗗簱涓殑os妯″潡涓昏娑夊強鏅亶鐨勬搷浣滅郴缁熷姛鑳姐€傚彲浠ュ湪Linux鍜學indows涓嬭繍琛岋紝涓庡钩鍙版棤鍏炽€?/p>

瀵煎叆妯″潡

import os

os妯″潡

os妯″潡甯哥敤鏂规硶

甯哥敤鏂囦欢鍜屾枃浠跺す鐨勬搷浣?/span>

  • getcwd()
    • 鑾峰彇褰撳墠宸ヤ綔鐩綍(褰撳墠宸ヤ綔鐩綍榛樿閮芥槸褰撳墠鏂囦欢鎵€鍦ㄧ殑鏂囦欢澶?
    • result = os.getcwd()
print(result) 
  • chdir()
    • 鏀瑰彉褰撳墠宸ヤ綔鐩綍
    • os.chdir(鈥?/span>/home/sy鈥?/span>)
result = os.getcwd()
print(result)
  • listdir()
    • 鑾峰彇鎸囧畾鏂囦欢澶瑰唴鎵€鏈夊唴瀹圭殑鍚嶇О鍒楄〃
    • result = os.listdir(鈥?/span>/home/sy鈥?/span>)
print(result)
  • mkdir()
    • 鍒涘缓鏂囦欢澶?/li> 
    • os.mkdir(鈥?/span>girls鈥?/span>)
  • makedirs()
    • 閫掑綊鍒涘缓鏂囦欢澶?/li> 
    • os.makedirs(鈥?/span>/home/sy/a/b/c/d鈥?/span>)
  • rmdir()
    • 鍒犻櫎绌虹洰褰?/strong>
    • os.rmdir(鈥?/span>girls鈥?/span>)
  • removedirs()
    • 閫掑綊鍒犻櫎鏂囦欢澶癸紝蹇呴』閮芥槸绌虹洰褰?/strong>
    • os.removedirs(鈥?/span>/home/sy/a/b/c/d鈥?/span>)
  • rename()
    • 鏂囦欢鎴栬€呮枃浠跺す閲嶅懡鍚?/li> 
    • os.rename(鈥?/span>/home/sy/a鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>/home/sy/alibaba鈥?/span>
os.rename(鈥?/span>02.txt鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>002.txt鈥?/span>) 
  • stat()
    • 鑾峰彇鏂囦欢鎴栬€呮枃浠跺す鐨勪俊鎭?/li> 
    • result = os.stat(鈥?/span>/home/sy/PycharmProject/Python3/10.27/01.py)
print(result)
  • system()
    • 鎵ц绯荤粺鍛戒护锛堝嵄闄╁嚱鏁帮級
    • result = os.stat(鈥?/span>/home/sy/PycharmProject/Python3/10.27/01.py)
print(result)

甯哥敤鐜鍙橀噺鐨勬搷浣?/span>

鐜鍙橀噺鏄湪鎿嶄綔绯荤粺涓竴涓叿鏈夌壒瀹氬悕瀛楃殑瀵硅薄锛屽畠鍖呭惈浜嗕竴涓垨鑰呭涓簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忔墍灏嗕娇鐢ㄥ埌鐨勪俊鎭€備緥濡俉indows鍜孌OS鎿嶄綔绯荤粺涓殑path鐜鍙橀噺锛屽綋瑕佹眰绯荤粺杩愯涓€涓▼搴忚€屾病鏈夊憡璇夊畠绋嬪簭鎵€鍦ㄧ殑瀹屾暣璺緞鏃讹紝绯荤粺闄や簡鍦ㄥ綋鍓嶇洰褰曚笅闈㈠鎵炬绋嬪簭澶栵紝杩樺簲鍒皃ath涓寚瀹氱殑璺緞鍘绘壘銆傜敤鎴烽€氳繃璁剧疆鐜鍙橀噺锛屾潵鏇村ソ鐨勮繍琛岃繘绋嬨€?/p>

  • getenv()
    • 鑾峰彇绯荤粺鐨勭幆澧冨彉閲?/li> 
    • result = os.getenv(鈥?/span>PATH鈥?/span>)
print(result.split(鈥?/span>:鈥?/span>))
  • putenv()
    • 灏嗕竴涓洰褰曟坊鍔犲埌鐜鍙橀噺涓紙涓存椂澧炲姞锛屽彧瀵瑰綋鍓嶈剼鏈湁鏁堬級
    • os.putenv(鈥?/span>PATH鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>/home/sy/涓嬭浇鈥?/span>)
os.system(鈥?/span>syls鈥?/span>)

鍏朵粬鏂规硶

  • exit()
    • 閫€鍑虹粓绔殑鍛戒护銆€銆€

os妯″潡涓父鐢ㄧ殑灞炴€?/span>

  • curdir
    • 琛ㄧず褰撳墠鏂囦欢澶癸紝浣嗘槸涓€鑸敤鈥?鈥樻潵琛ㄧず锛屼竴鑸儏鍐典笅鍙互鐪佺暐
    • print(os.curdir)
  • pardir
    • 琛ㄧず涓婂眰鏂囦欢澶癸紝浣嗘槸涓€鑸敤鈥?.鈥樻潵琛ㄧず锛屼笉鍙互鐪佺暐
    • print(os.pardir)
  • name
    • 鑾峰彇浠ｈ〃鎿嶄綔绯荤粺鐨勫悕绉版垨鑰呭瓧绗︿覆
    • print(os.name) 銆€銆€#posix -> linux鎴栬€卽nix绯荤粺  nt -> window绯荤粺 
  • sep
    • 鑾峰彇绯荤粺璺緞闂撮棿闅旂
    • print(os.sep)    # window ->    linux ->/
  • extsep
    • 鑾峰彇鏂囦欢鍚嶇О鍜屽悗缂€涔嬮棿鐨勯棿闅旂鍙?/li> 
    • print(os.extsep)        #  window鍜宨nux -> .
  • linesep
    • 鑾峰彇鎿嶄綔绯荤粺鐨勬崲琛岀鍙?/li> 
    • print(repr(os.linesep))    # window -> 
  linux/unix -> 
 

os.path瀛愭ā鍧?/span>

甯哥敤鏂规硶

  • abspath()
    • 灏嗙浉瀵硅矾寰勮浆鎹负缁濆璺緞
    • path = 鈥?/span>./boys鈥?/span>#鐩稿
result = os.path.abspath(path)
print(result)
  • dirname()
    • 鑾峰彇瀹屾暣璺緞褰撲腑鐨勭洰褰曢儴鍒?/li> 
    • path = 鈥?/span>/home/sy/boys鈥?/span>
result = os.path.dirname(path)
print(result)   # /home/sy
  • basename()
    • 鑾峰彇瀹屾暣璺緞褰撲腑鐨勪富浣撻儴鍒?/li> 
    • path = 鈥?/span>/home/sy/boys鈥?/span>
result = os.path.basename(path)
print(result)   # boys
  • split()
    • 灏嗕竴涓畬鏁寸殑璺緞鍒囧壊鎴愮洰褰曢儴鍒嗗拰涓讳綋閮ㄥ垎
    • path = 鈥?/span>/home/sy/boys鈥?/span>
result = os.path.split(path)
print(result)       # (鈥?home/sy鈥? 鈥榖oys鈥?
  • join()
    • 灏嗕袱涓矾寰勫悎骞舵垚涓€涓?/li> 
    • var1 = 鈥?/span>/home/sy鈥?/span>
var2 = 鈥?/span>000.py鈥?/span>
result = os.path.join(var1,var2)
print(result)       # /home/sy00.py  , 浜х敓杩欎釜缁撴灉鐨勫師鍥犳槸锛屾垜鍦╳indow涓嬭繍琛岋紝鐢ㄧ殑鏄疞inux涓嬬殑鐩綍锛屼絾鏄嫾鎺ュ畠閲囩敤鐨勬槸褰撳墠绯荤粺榛樿鐨勮矾寰勯棿闂撮殧绗︼紝鑰寃indow榛樿鐨勬槸鈥榎鈥欍€?/span>
  • splitext()
    • 灏嗕竴涓矾寰勫垏鍓叉垚鏂囦欢鍚庣紑鍜屽叾浠栦袱涓儴鍒嗭紝涓昏鐢ㄤ簬鑾峰彇鏂囦欢鐨勫悗缂€
    • path = 鈥?/span>/home/sy/000.py鈥?/span>
result = os.path.splitext(path)
print(result)       # (鈥?home/sy/000鈥? 鈥?py鈥?
  • getsize()
    • 鑾峰彇鏂囦欢鐨勫ぇ灏?/li> 
    • path = 鈥?/span>./000.py鈥?/span>
result = os.path.getsize(path)
print(result)   # 1981
  • isfile()銆€銆€
    • 妫€娴嬫槸鍚︽槸鏂囦欢
    • path = 鈥?/span>/home/sy/000.py鈥?/span>
result = os.path.isfile(path)
print(result)
  • isdir()
    • 妫€娴嬫槸鍚︽槸鏂囦欢澶?/li> 
    • result = os.path.isdir(path)
print(result)
  • islink()
    • 妫€娴嬫槸鍚︽槸涓€涓蒋閾炬帴
    • path = 鈥?/span>/initrd.img.old鈥?/span>
result = os.path.islink(path)
print(result)
  • 鍏充簬鏂囦欢鐨勬搷浣滄椂闂?/strong> 
    • #getctime() 鑾峰彇鏂囦欢鐨勫垱寤烘椂闂?get create time
#getmtime() 鑾峰彇鏂囦欢鐨勪慨鏀规椂闂?get modify time
#getatime() 鑾峰彇鏂囦欢鐨勮闂椂闂?get active time
    • import time

filepath = 鈥?/span>/home/sy/涓嬭浇/chls鈥?/span>

result = os.path.getctime(filepath)
print(time.ctime(result))

result = os.path.getmtime(filepath)
print(time.ctime(result))

result = os.path.getatime(filepath)
print(time.ctime(result))
  • exists()
    • 妫€娴嬫煇涓矾寰勬槸鍚︾湡瀹炲瓨鍦?/li> 
    • filepath = 鈥?/span>/home/sy/涓嬭浇/chls鈥?/span>
result = os.path.exists(filepath)
print(result)
  • isabs()
    • 妫€娴嬩竴涓矾寰勬槸鍚︽槸缁濆璺緞
    • path = 鈥?/span>/boys鈥?/span>
result = os.path.isabs(path)
print(result)   # True
  • samefile()
    • 妫€娴嬩袱涓矾寰勬槸鍚︽寚鍚戞槸鍚屼竴涓枃浠?/li> 
    • path1 = 鈥?/span>/home/sy/涓嬭浇/001鈥?/span>
path2 = 鈥?/span>../../../涓嬭浇/001鈥?/span>
result = os.path.samefile(path1,path2)
print(result) 
  • ismount()
    • 妫€鏌ユ寚瀹氬弬鏁版槸鍚︽槸鎸傝浇鐐?/li> 
    • os.path.ismount("/mnt/cdrom")

甯哥敤灞炴€?/span>

  • environ
    • 鑾峰彇鍜岃缃郴缁熺幆澧冨彉閲忕殑鍐呯疆鍊?
      • 鑾峰彇锛?鍜宱s涓殑os.getenv(鈥楶ATH鈥?鍚屾晥鏋?
        • print(os.environ[鈥?/span>PATH鈥?/span>])
      • 璁剧疆 
        • os.environ[鈥?/span>PATH鈥?/span>] += 鈥?/span>:/home/sy/涓嬭浇鈥?/span>
os.system(鈥?/span>chls鈥?/span>)

           

 

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