RabbitMQ 初识RabbitMQ
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RabbitMQ是一个开源的消息代理和队列服务器,用来通过普通协议在完全不同的应用之间共享数据,RabbitMQ是使用Erlang语言来编写的,并且RabbitMQ是基于AMQP协议的。
哪些大厂在用RabbitMQ,为什么
- 滴滴、美团、头条
- 开源、性能优秀、稳定性保障
- 提供可靠性消息投递模式(confim)、返回模式(return)
- 与SpringAMQP完美结合、API丰富
- 集群模式丰富,表达式配置,HA模式,镜像队列模型
- 保证数据不丢失的前提做到高可靠性、可用性
什么是AMQP高级消息队列协议
AMQP:Advance Message Queuing Protocol
AMQP翻译:高级消息队列协议
AMQP定义:是具有现代特征的二进制协议。是一个提供统一消息服务的应用层标准高级队列协议,是应用层协议的一个开放标准,为面向消息的中间件设计。
AMQP协议模型
AMQP核心概念
Server:又称Broker,接受客户端的连接,实现AMQP实体服务
Connection:连接,应用程序与Broker的网络连接
Channel:网络信道,几乎所有的操作都在channel中进行,Channel是进行消息读写的通道。客户端可建立多个Channel,每个Channel代表一个会话任务。
Message:消息,服务器和应用程序之间传送的数据,由Properties和Body组成。Properties可以对消息进行修饰,比如消息的优先级,延迟等高级特性;Body则就是消息体内容。
Virtual host:虚拟地址,用于进行逻辑隔离,最上层的消息路由。一个Virtual Host里面可以有若干个Exchange和Queue,统一Virtual Host里面不能有相同名称的Exchange和Queue
Exchange:交换机,接收消息,根据路由键转发消息到绑定的队列
Binding:Exchange和Queue之间的虚拟连接,binding中可以包含routing key
Routing key:一个路由规则,虚拟机可用它来确定如何路由一个特定消息
Queue:也成为Mesage Queue,消息队列,保存并将它们转发给消费者
RabbitMQ的整体架构
RabbitMQ消息是如何流转的
RabbitMQ的安装与使用
-
提前准备:安装Linux必要依赖
-
下载RabbitMQ必须安装包(简单RPM安装)
-
配置文件修改
-
服务启动:rabbitmq-server start &
-
服务的停止:rabbitmqctl stop_app
-
管理插件:rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
准备:
yum install
build-essential openssl openssl-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel
make gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel m4 ncurses-devel tk tc xz
下载:
wget www.rabbitmq.com/releases/erlang/erlang-18.3-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
wget http://repo.iotti.biz/CentOS/7/x86_64/socat-1.7.3.2-5.el7.lux.x86_64.rpm
wget www.rabbitmq.com/releases/rabbitmq-server/v3.6.5/rabbitmq-server-3.6.5-1.noarch.rpm
配置文件:
vim /usr/lib/rabbitmq/lib/rabbitmq_server-3.6.5/ebin/rabbit.app
比如修改密码、配置等等,例如:loopback_users 中的 <<"guest">>,只保留guest
服务启动和停止:
启动 rabbitmq-server start & (&表示后台启动)
停止 rabbitmqctl app_stop
默认插件列表: rabbitmq-plugins list
管理插件:rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
访问地址:http://localost:15672/
rabbitmqctl --help 查询具体参数
快速入门-消息生产与消费
- ConnectionFactory:获取连接工厂
- Connection:一个连接
- Channel:数据通信信道,可发送和接收消息
- Queue:具体的消息存储队列
- Producer&Consumer生产者和消费者
生产者代码
需要引入
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>3.6.5</version>
</dependency>
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
/**
* 生产者
*
* @author niugang
*/
public class Producer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1 创建一个ConnectionFactory, 并进行配置
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("localhost");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
//2 通过连接工厂创建连接
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3 通过connection创建一个Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 通过Channel发送数据
for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ!";
//1 exchange 2 routingKey
//exchange 为 空字符串 为走默认的exchange (AMQP default) 根据路由key 和消息队列 名称 是否匹完全匹配进行投递、
// 从控制台 Exchanges->(AMQP default)
// The default exchange is implicitly bound to every queue, with a routing key equal to the queue name. It is not possible to explicitly bind to, or unbind from the default exchange. It also cannot be deleted.
//默认交换被隐式地绑定到每个队列,路由键等于队列名称。无法显式绑定到默认交换器或从默认交换器取消绑定。它也不能被删除。
channel.basicPublish("", "test001", null, msg.getBytes());
}
//5 记得要关闭相关的连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者代码
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
/**
* 消费者
*
* @author niugang
*/
@Slf4j
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1 创建一个ConnectionFactory, 并进行配置
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("localhost");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
//2 通过连接工厂创建连接
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3 通过connection创建一个Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明(创建)一个队列
String queueName = "test001";
//exclusive 如果我们声明一个排他队列(仅限于此连接),则为true。
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
//5 创建消费者
QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//6 设置Channel
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);
while (true) {
//7 获取下一个消息,方法阻塞
Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
log.info("消费端: {}", msg);
//封装一些发送参数
// Envelope envelope = delivery.getEnvelope();
}
}
}
Exchange交换机
Exchange接收消息,并根据路由键转发消息所绑定的队列
交换机属性
Name:交换机名称
Type:交换器类型direct、topic、fanout、headers
Durability:是否需要持久化,true为持久化
Auto Delete:当最后一个绑定到Exchange上的队列删除后,自动删除该Exchange
Internal:当前Exchange是否用于RabbitMQ内部使用,默认为false
Arguments:扩展参数,用于扩展AMQP协议自制定化使用
Direct Exchange
所有发送到Direct Exchange的消息被转发到RouteKey中指定的Queue
direct 直连模式 routing_key必须完全匹配
注意:Direct模式可以使用RabbitMQ自带的Exchange:fefault Exchange,所以不需要将Exchange进行任何绑定(binding)操作,消息传递,RouteKey必须完全匹配才会被队列接收,否则该消息会被抛弃
生产者代码
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
/**
* @author niugang
*/
public class Producer4DirectExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1 创建ConnectionFactory
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("localhost");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
//2 创建Connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3 创建Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明
String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
String routingKey = "test.direct";
//5 发送
String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Direct Exchange Message 111 ... ";
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey , null , msg.getBytes());
}
}
消费者代码
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;
/**
* @author niugang
*/
public class Consumer4DirectExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;
connectionFactory.setHost("localhost");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明
String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
String exchangeType = "direct";
String queueName = "test_direct_queue";
String routingKey = "test.direct";
//表示声明了一个交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
//表示声明了一个队列
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
//建立一个绑定关系:
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
//durable 是否持久化消息
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
//循环获取消息
while(true){
//获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
}
}
}
Topic Exchange
- 所有发送到Topic Exchange 的消息被转发到所有关心RouteKey指定Topic的Queue上
- Exchange将RouteKey和某Topic进行模糊匹配,此时队列需要绑定到一个Topic
注意:可以使用通配符进行模糊匹配
符号"#"匹配一个或多个词
符号"*"匹配不多不少一个词
例如“log.#”能够匹配到“log.info.oa”
例如“log.*“能够匹配到“log.error”
生产者代码
/**
* @author niugang
*/
public class Producer4TopicExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1 创建ConnectionFactory
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("localghost");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
//2 创建Connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3 创建Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明
String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
String routingKey1 = "user.save";
String routingKey2 = "user.update";
String routingKey3 = "user.delete.abc";
//5 发送
String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Topic Exchange Message ...";
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1 , null , msg.getBytes());
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2 , null , msg.getBytes());
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3 , null , msg.getBytes());
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者代码
/**
* @author niugang
*/
public class Consumer4TopicExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;
connectionFactory.setHost("localhost");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明
String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
String exchangeType = "topic";
String queueName = "test_topic_queue";
//String routingKey = "user.*";
String routingKey = "user.#";
// 1 声明交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
// 2 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
// 3 建立交换机和队列的绑定关系:
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
//durable 是否持久化消息
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
//循环获取消息
while(true){
//获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
}
}
}
Fanout Exchange
-
不处理路由键。只需要简单的将队列绑定到交换机上
-
发送到交换器的消息都会被转发到与交换机绑定的所有队列上
-
Fanout交换机转发消息最快
fanout类型的exchange不会和routing_key产生任何关系(不会走路由键)
生产者代码
/**
* @author niugang
*/
public class Producer4FanoutExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1 创建ConnectionFactory
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("localhost");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
//2 创建Connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3 创建Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明
String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
//5 发送
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 FANOUT Exchange Message ...";
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, "", null , msg.getBytes());
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者代码
/**
* @author niugang
*/
public class Consumer4FanoutExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;
connectionFactory.setHost("localhost");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明
String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
String exchangeType = "fanout";
String queueName = "test_fanout_queue";
String routingKey = ""; //不设置路由键
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
//durable 是否持久化消息
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
//循环获取消息
while(true){
//获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
}
}
}
Binding-绑定
- Exchange和Exchange、Queue之间的连接关系
- Binding中可以包含RoutingKey或者参数
Queue-消息队列
- 消息队列,实际存储消息数据
- Durability:是否持久化,Durable : 是,Transient :否
- Auto delete:如选yes,代码当最后一个监听被移除之后,该Queue会自动被删除
Message-消息
-
服务器和应用之间传送的数据
-
本质上就是一段数据,由Properties和Payload(Body)组成
-
常用属性:delivery mode 、headers
delivery mode 为2 标识持久化消息
其他属性
- content_type、content_encoding、priority
- correlation_id、reply_to、expiration、message_id
- timestamp、type、user_id、app_id、cluster_id
Virtual host(虚拟主机)
- 虚拟地址,用于进行逻辑隔离,最上层的消息路由
- 一个Vitual Host里面可以有若干个Exchange和Queue
- 同一个Virtual Host里面不能有相同名称的Exchange和Queue
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