仿真环境下移动机器人的导航

Posted 2020-12-18 hloay

1、导航功能包简介

导航的关键包含机器人定位和路径规划两大部分，针对这两部分核心内容，ROS提供了以下两个功能包：

（1）move_base: 实现机器人导航中最优路径规划。

（2）amcl: 实现二维地图中的机器人定位。

在上述两个功能包的基础上，ROS提供一套完整的导航功能框架，如下图所示:

 

 导航框架所包含的功能包很多，可以直接利用以下指令进行完整安装：

 

sudo apt-get install ros-kinetic-navigation

 

2、创建move_base启动文件move_base.launch，其内容如下：

 1 <launch>
 2 
 3     <param name="use_sim_time" value="true" />
 4 
 5     <!-- 设置地图的配置文件 -->
 6     <arg name="map" default="gmapping_map.yaml" />
 7 
 8     <!-- 运行地图服务器，并且加载设置的地图-->
 9     <node name="map_server" pkg="map_server" type="map_server" args="$(find slam_robot)/maps/$(arg map)"/>
10 
11 
12     <!-- fake_move_base.launch中的内容,用来加载地图的配置文件 -->
13     <node pkg="move_base" type="move_base" respawn="false" name="move_base" output="screen" clear_params="true">
14         <rosparam file="$(find slam_robot)/config/fake/costmap_common_params.yaml" command="load" ns="global_costmap" />
15         <rosparam file="$(find slam_robot)/config/fake/costmap_common_params.yaml" command="load" ns="local_costmap" />
16         <rosparam file="$(find slam_robot)/config/fake/local_costmap_params.yaml" command="load" />
17         <rosparam file="$(find slam_robot)/config/fake/global_costmap_params.yaml" command="load" />
18         <rosparam file="$(find slam_robot)/config/fake/base_local_planner_params.yaml" command="load" />
19     </node>
20   
21      <!-- 运行虚拟定位，兼容AMCL输出 -->
22     <node pkg="fake_localization" type="fake_localization" name="fake_localization" output="screen" /> -->
23 
24 
25     <!-- 加入amcl启动文件，此处有了上面的节点，因此不用开启，此处注释掉
26     <include file = "$(find mrobot_navigation)/launch/amcl.launch" /> 
27     -->
28 
29     <!-- 对于虚拟定位，需要设置一个/odom与/map之间的静态坐标变换 -->
30     <node pkg="tf" type="static_transform_publisher" name="map_odom_broadcaster" args="0 0 0 0 0 0 /map /odom 100" />
31 
32 
33 </launch>

move_base.launch

其中需要加载几个导航过程的配置文件，其文件内容分别为：

（a）base_local_planner_params.yaml：

 1 controller_frequency: 3.0
 2 recovery_behavior_enabled: false
 3 clearing_rotation_allowed: false
 4 
 5 TrajectoryPlannerROS:
 6    max_vel_x: 0.5
 7    min_vel_x: 0.1
 8    max_vel_y: 0.0  # zero for a differential drive robot
 9    min_vel_y: 0.0
10    max_vel_theta: 1.0
11    min_vel_theta: -1.0
12    min_in_place_vel_theta: 0.4
13    escape_vel: -0.1
14    acc_lim_x: 1.5
15    acc_lim_y: 0.0  # zero for a differential drive robot
16    acc_lim_theta: 1.2
17 
18    holonomic_robot: false
19    yaw_goal_tolerance: 0.1 # about 6 degrees
20    xy_goal_tolerance: 0.05  # 5 cm
21    latch_xy_goal_tolerance: false
22    pdist_scale: 0.4
23    gdist_scale: 0.8
24    meter_scoring: true
25 
26    heading_lookahead: 0.325
27    heading_scoring: false
28    heading_scoring_timestep: 0.8
29    occdist_scale: 0.05
30    oscillation_reset_dist: 0.05
31    publish_cost_grid_pc: false
32    prune_plan: true
33 
34    sim_time: 1.0
35    sim_granularity: 0.05
36    angular_sim_granularity: 0.1
37    vx_samples: 8
38    vy_samples: 0  # zero for a differential drive robot
39    vtheta_samples: 20
40    dwa: true
41    simple_attractor: false

base_local_planner_params.yaml

（b）costmap_common_params.yaml：

 1 obstacle_range: 2.5
 2 raytrace_range: 3.0
 3 #footprint: [[0.175, 0.175], [0.175, -0.175], [-0.175, -0.175], [-0.175, 0.175]]
 4 #footprint_inflation: 0.01
 5 robot_radius: 0.3
 6 inflation_radius: 0.4
 7 max_obstacle_height: 0.6
 8 min_obstacle_height: 0.0
 9 observation_sources: scan
10 scan: {data_type: LaserScan, topic: /scan, marking: true, clearing: true, expected_update_rate: 0}

costmap_common_params.yaml

（c）global_costmap_params.yaml:

 1 global_costmap:
 2    global_frame: map
 3    robot_base_frame: base_footprint
 4    update_frequency: 1.0
 5    publish_frequency: 1.0
 6    static_map: true
 7    rolling_window: false
 8    resolution: 0.01
 9    transform_tolerance: 1.0
10    map_type: costmap

global_costmap_params.yaml

（d）local_costmap_params.yaml:

 1 local_costmap:
 2    global_frame: map
 3    robot_base_frame: base_footprint
 4    update_frequency: 3.0
 5    publish_frequency: 1.0
 6    static_map: true
 7    rolling_window: false
 8    width: 6.0
 9    height: 6.0
10    resolution: 0.01
11    transform_tolerance: 1.0

local_costmap_params.yaml

3、启动move_base.launch文件：

sudo roslaunch slam_robot move_base.launch

4、开启rviz