8_鍑芥暟
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鏍囩锛?a href='http://www.mamicode.com/so/1/utf-8' title='utf-8'>utf-8
淇濈暀 鍦板潃 閫楀彿 鐢熸垚 function users enumerate 澶ч噺鍑芥暟
? 鍑芥暟鏄粍缁囧ソ鐨勶紝鍙噸澶嶄娇鐢ㄧ殑锛岀敤鏉ュ疄鐜板崟涓€锛屾垨鐩稿叧鑱斿姛鑳界殑浠ｇ爜娈点€?br> ? 鍑芥暟鑳芥彁楂樹唬鐮佺殑鍙鎬э紝浠ｇ爜鐨勯噸澶嶅埄鐢ㄧ巼銆?br> ? Python鎻愪緵浜嗚澶氬唴寤哄嚱鏁皃rint(),len(),range()...锛屼絾浣犱篃鍙互鑷繁鍒涘缓鍑芥暟锛岃繖琚彨鍋氱敤鎴疯嚜瀹氫箟鍑芥暟銆?/p>
1銆佸畾涔夊嚱鏁扮殑瑙勫垯
? a銆佸嚱鏁颁互 def 鍏抽敭璇嶅紑澶达紝鍚庢帴鍑芥暟鏍囪瘑绗﹀悕绉板拰鍦嗘嫭鍙?()銆?br> ? b銆佸弬鏁板拰鑷彉閲忓繀椤绘斁鍦ㄥ渾鎷彿涓棿锛屽渾鎷彿涔嬮棿鍙互鐢ㄤ簬瀹氫箟鍙傛暟銆?br> ? c銆佸嚱鏁扮殑绗竴琛岃鍙ュ彲浠ラ€夋嫨鎬у湴浣跨敤鏂囨。瀛楃涓测€旂敤浜庡瓨鏀惧嚱鏁拌鏄庛€?br> ? d銆佸嚱鏁板唴瀹逛互鍐掑彿璧峰锛屽苟涓旂缉杩涘洓涓┖鏍笺€?br> ? e銆乺eturn [琛ㄨ揪寮廬 缁撴潫鍑芥暟锛岄€夋嫨鎬у湴杩斿洖涓€涓€肩粰璋冪敤鏂广€備笉甯﹁〃杈惧紡鐨剅eturn鐩稿綋浜庤繑鍥?None銆?/p>
鍑芥暟鐨勪綔鐢?/h4>
? 浠ュ姛鑳戒负瀵煎悜锛屼竴涓嚱鏁板氨鏄竴涓姛鑳?br> ? 鍑忓皯浠ｇ爜鐨勯噸澶嶆€?br> ? 澧炲己浠ｇ爜鐨勫彲璇绘€?/p>
瀹氫箟鍑芥暟
? def printme():
? print ("Hello,world")
璋冪敤鍑芥暟
? printme() # "Hello,world"
4銆乺eturn璇彞
return [琛ㄨ揪寮廬
璇彞鐢ㄤ簬閫€鍑哄嚱鏁帮紝閫夋嫨鎬у湴鍚戣皟鐢ㄦ柟杩斿洖涓€涓〃杈惧紡銆備笉甯﹀弬鏁板€肩殑return璇彞杩斿洖None銆?/p>
鍙啓鍑芥暟璇存槑
def sum( arg1, arg2 ):
? # 杩斿洖2涓弬鏁扮殑鍜?/p>
total = arg1 + arg2
return total
璋冪敤sum鍑芥暟
? total = sum( 10, 20 )
? print ("鍑芥暟澶?: ", total) # 鍑芥暟澶?: 30
1銆佷紶涓嶅彲鍙樺璞?/h3>
def ChangeInt( a ):
a = 10
b = 2
ChangeInt(b)
print( b ) # 缁撴灉鏄?2
瀹炰緥涓湁 int 瀵硅薄 2锛屾寚鍚戝畠鐨勫彉閲忔槸 b锛屽湪浼犻€掔粰 ChangeInt 鍑芥暟鏃讹紝鎸変紶鍊肩殑鏂瑰紡澶嶅埗浜嗗彉閲?b锛宎 鍜?b 閮芥寚鍚戜簡鍚屼竴涓?Int 瀵硅薄锛屽湪 a=10 鏃讹紝鍒欐柊鐢熸垚涓€涓?int 鍊煎璞?10锛屽苟璁?a 鎸囧悜瀹冦€?/p>
2銆佷紶鍙彉瀵硅薄
鍙彉瀵硅薄鍦ㄥ嚱鏁伴噷淇敼浜嗗弬鏁帮紝閭ｄ箞鍦ㄨ皟鐢ㄨ繖涓嚱鏁扮殑鍑芥暟閲岋紝鍘熷鐨勫弬鏁颁篃琚敼鍙樹簡銆?/p>
def changeme( mylist ):
"淇敼浼犲叆鐨勫垪琛?quot;
mylist.append([1,2,3,4])
print ("鍑芥暟鍐呭彇鍊? ", mylist)
return
璋冪敤changeme鍑芥暟
mylist = [10,20,30]
changeme( mylist ) # 鍑芥暟鍐呭彇鍊? [10, 20, 30, [1, 2, 3, 4]]
print ("鍑芥暟澶栧彇鍊? ", mylist) # 鍑芥暟鍐呭彇鍊? [10, 20, 30, [1, 2, 3, 4]]
浼犲叆鍑芥暟鐨勫拰鍦ㄦ湯灏炬坊鍔犳柊鍐呭鐨勫璞＄敤鐨勬槸鍚屼竴涓紩鐢?/p>
璋冪敤鍑芥暟鏃跺彲浣跨敤鐨勬寮忓弬鏁扮被鍨?/h4>
? 浣嶇疆鍙傛暟锛涘叧閿瓧鍙傛暟锛涢粯璁ゅ弬鏁帮紱涓嶅畾闀垮弬鏁帮紱蹇呴渶鍙傛暟
? 瀹炲弬瑙掑害锛氫綅缃弬鏁帮紱鍏抽敭瀛楀弬鏁帮紱娣峰悎鍙傛暟
? 褰㈠弬瑙掑害锛氫綅缃弬鏁帮紱榛樿鍙傛暟锛屼笉瀹氶暱鍙傛暟(涓囪兘鍙傛暟)
? 褰㈠弬瑙掑害鍙傛暟椤哄簭锛?浣嶇疆鍙傛暟锛?args 锛岄粯璁ゅ弬鏁帮紝 浠呴檺鍏抽敭瀛楀弬鏁帮紝**kwargs)
b銆佸叧閿瓧鍙傛暟
鍑芥暟璋冪敤浣跨敤鍏抽敭瀛楀弬鏁版潵纭畾浼犲叆鐨勫弬鏁板€笺€備娇鐢ㄥ叧閿瓧鍙傛暟鍏佽鍑芥暟璋冪敤鏃跺弬鏁扮殑椤哄簭涓庡０鏄庢椂涓嶄竴鑷达紝 Python 瑙ｉ噴鍣ㄨ兘澶熺敤鍙傛暟鍚嶅尮閰嶅弬鏁板€笺€?/p>
婕旂ず鍑芥暟鍙傛暟鐨勪娇鐢ㄤ笉闇€瑕佷娇鐢ㄦ寚瀹氶『搴忥細
鍙啓鍑芥暟璇存槑
def printinfo( name, age ):
"鎵撳嵃浠讳綍浼犲叆鐨勫瓧绗︿覆"
print ("鍚嶅瓧: ", name,"骞撮緞: ", age)
璋冪敤printinfo鍑芥暟
printinfo( age=50, name="runoob" ) # 鍚嶅瓧: runoob 骞撮緞: 50
鍙啓鍑芥暟璇存槑
def printinfo( name, age = 35 ):
"鎵撳嵃浠讳綍浼犲叆鐨勫瓧绗︿覆"
print ("鍚嶅瓧: ", name,"骞撮緞: ", age)
璋冪敤printinfo鍑芥暟
printinfo( age=50, name="runoob" ) # 鍚嶅瓧: runoob 骞撮緞: 50
print ("------------------------")
printinfo( name="runoob" ) # 鍚嶅瓧: runoob 骞撮緞: 35
榛樿鍙傛暟鏄彲鍙樼被鍨嬬殑鍧戠偣
渚嬩竴
def func(a, list1=[]):
list1.append(a)
return list1
print(func(10,)) # [10]
print(func(20, [])) # [20] 浜屾柊浼犲叆浜嗕竴涓垪琛?br>
print(func(100,)) # [10, 100] 涓€鍜屼笁鍏辩敤涓€涓垵濮嬪寲鍒楄〃
渚嬩簩
def func(a, list1=[]):
list1.append(a)
return list1
f1 = func(10,)
f2 = func(20, [])
f3 = func(100,)
print(f1) # [10, 100]
print(f2) # [20]
print(f3) # [10, 100]
d銆佷笉瀹氶暱鍙傛暟
褰撻渶瑕佷竴涓嚱鏁拌兘澶勭悊姣斿綋鍒濆０鏄庢椂鏇村鐨勫弬鏁般€傝繖浜涘弬鏁板彨鍋氫笉瀹氶暱鍙傛暟锛屽０鏄庢椂涓嶄細鍛藉悕銆傚熀鏈娉曞涓嬶細
def function_name([args,] *args ):
"鍑芥暟_鏂囨。瀛楃涓?quot;
function
return [expression]
e銆佸己鍒朵綅缃弬鏁?/h4>
Python3.8 鏂板浜嗕竴涓嚱鏁板舰鍙傝娉?/ 鐢ㄦ潵鎸囨槑鍑芥暟褰㈠弬蹇呴』浣跨敤鎸囧畾浣嶇疆鍙傛暟锛屼笉鑳戒娇鐢ㄥ叧閿瓧鍙傛暟鐨勫舰寮忋€傚湪浠ヤ笅鐨勪緥瀛愪腑锛屽舰鍙?a 鍜?b 蹇呴』浣跨敤鎸囧畾浣嶇疆鍙傛暟锛宑 鎴?d 鍙互鏄綅缃舰鍙傛垨鍏抽敭瀛楀舰鍙傦紝鑰?e 鎴?f 瑕佹眰涓哄叧閿瓧褰㈠弬:
def f(a, b, /, c, d, *, e, f):
print(a, b, c, d, e, f)
/ 鍓嶉潰蹇呴』浣跨敤浣嶇疆鍙傛暟锛?* 鍚庨潰蹇呴』浣跨敤鍏抽敭瀛楀弬鏁?/p>
浠ヤ笅浣跨敤鏂规硶鏄纭殑:
f(10, 20, 30, d=40, e=50, f=60)
浠ヤ笅浣跨敤鏂规硶浼氬彂鐢熼敊璇?
f(10, b=20, c=30, d=40, e=50, f=60) # b 涓嶈兘浣跨敤鍏抽敭瀛楀弬鏁扮殑褰㈠紡
f(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, f=60) # e 蹇呴』浣跨敤鍏抽敭瀛楀弬鏁扮殑褰㈠紡
涓夈€佸嚱鏁扮殑鍚嶇О绌洪棿
1銆丳ython鍒嗕负涓変釜绌洪棿
? 鍐呯疆鍚嶇О绌洪棿锛坆uiltins.py锛?br> ? 鍏ㄥ眬鍚嶇О绌洪棿锛堝綋鍓峱y鏂囦欢锛?br> ? 灞€閮ㄥ悕绉版枃浠讹紙鍑芥暟锛屽嚱鏁版墽琛屾椂鎵嶅紑杈燂級
b銆佸彇鍊奸『搴?/h4>
? 灏辫繎鍘熷垯銆?br> ? 鍗曞悜涓嶅彲閫嗐€?/p>
2銆丩EGB瑙勫垯锛堝氨杩戝師鍒欙級
? L:local 鍑芥暟鍐呴儴浣滅敤鍩?br> ? E:enclosing 鍑芥暟鍐呴儴涓庡唴宓屽嚱鏁颁箣闂?br> ? G:global 鍏ㄥ眬浣滅敤鍩?br> ? B:build-in 鍐呯疆浣滅敤鍩?/p>
a銆丩EGB鏄綔浠€涔堢敤鐨勶紵
鍦ㄥ涔燩ython鍑芥暟鐨勬椂鍊欙紝浼氶亣鍒板緢澶氬畾涔夊煙鐨勯棶棰橈紝鍏ㄩ儴鍙橀噺锛屽唴閮ㄥ彉閲忥紝鍐呴儴宓屽叆鐨勫嚱鏁帮紝绛夌瓑锛孭ython鏄浣曟煡鎵剧殑鍛紵浠ュ強Python鍙堟槸鎸夌収浠€涔堥『搴忔潵鏌ユ壘鐨勫憿锛熻繖閲屽仛涓€涓『搴忕殑璇存槑
c銆佷妇渚嬭鏄?/h4>
passline = 60
def func(val):
if val >= passline:
print(鈥榩ass鈥?
else:
print(鈥榝ailed鈥?
func(89) # pass
Python鍑芥暟棣栧厛鏌ユ壘local(L)锛屽湪灞€閮ㄥ彉閲忎綔鐢ㄥ煙閲屽苟娌℃湁瀹氫箟passline锛岀劧鍚庡彂鐜板嚱鏁板唴閮ㄥ苟娌℃湁鍐呭祵鍑芥暟锛岃繖鏃禤ython寮€濮嬫煡鎵緂lobal锛屽湪鍏ㄥ眬閲屾煡鎵惧埌passline鐨勫畾涔夛紝琚皟鐢ㄣ€?/p>
def Max(val1, val2):
return max(val1, val2)
print(Max(90, 100))
鈥樷€樷€樷€樷€樷€樷€樷€樷€?br>
100
[Finished in 0.1s]
鈥樷€樷€樷€樷€樷€樷€樷€樷€?br>
Max鍑芥暟閲岄潰鐩存帴璋冪敤鍙﹀涓€涓嚱鏁帮紝璋冪敤鐨刴ax()锛堜袱涓嚱鏁扮殑澶у皬鍐欎笉涓€鏍凤級,璇ュ嚱鏁板苟娌℃湁琚畾涔夛紝浣嗘槸鍗村睘浜庢垜浠笂杩扮殑绗洓绉嶏紝灞炰簬build-in鍑芥暟锛屾棦鏄湪python鏍囧噯搴撻噷鐨勫嚱鏁帮紝鍐呯疆鐨勶紝鍙互鐩存帴璋冪敤鐨勩€傛渶鍚庝竴姝ユ墠浼氭煡鎵惧埌杩欓噷
鍏充簬绗簩绉嶏紝灞炰簬鍐呭祵鍑芥暟锛屽嵆浣垮湪鍑芥暟閲岄潰鍐嶆瀹氫箟涓€涓嚱鏁帮紝杩欐椂浼氶鍏堟煡鎵緇ocal鍑芥暟閲岄潰鏄惁鏈夊畾涔夛紝鐒跺悗鎵嶄細鏌ユ壘鍑芥暟閲岄潰鍐呭祵鍑芥暟閲岄潰鏈夋病鏈夊畾涔夛紝杩欎竴绉嶆湁涓撻棬鐨勫悕璇嶏紝鍙仛闂寘
3銆佷綔鐢ㄥ煙
涓や釜浣滅敤鍩燂紝灞€閮ㄤ綔鐢ㄥ煙鍜屽叏灞€浣滅敤鍩?/p>
a銆佸眬閮ㄤ綔鐢ㄥ煙
瀹氫箟鍦ㄥ嚱鏁板唴閮ㄧ殑鍙橀噺鎷ユ湁涓€涓眬閮ㄤ綔鐢ㄥ煙锛堝眬閮ㄥ懡鍚嶇┖闂达級銆?/p>
c銆佸眬閮ㄥ拰鍏ㄥ眬鍙橀噺鐨勮鏄?/h4>
? a銆佸嚱鏁板唴閮ㄧ殑鍙橀噺锛屼綔鐢ㄥ煙鍙湪鍑芥暟鍐呴儴,鍑芥暟鍐呴儴涓嶅彲浠ョ洿鎺ユ洿鏀瑰嚱鏁板閮ㄧ殑鍙橀噺
? b銆佸嚱鏁板唴閮ㄥ鏋滈渶瑕佹敼鍙樺叏灞€鍙橀噺锛屽氨闇€瑕佷娇鐢╣lobal淇グ鍙橀噺
? c銆佸湪鍑芥暟宓屽鍑芥暟鐨勬儏鍐典笅锛屽悓鏍蜂篃鏈夊嚱鏁颁綔鐢ㄥ煙鐨勯棶棰橈紝浣嗘槸python涓彁渚涗簡鏂逛究锛?/p>
d銆佸眬閮ㄤ慨鏀瑰彉閲忔姤閿欑殑鍘熷洜
渚嬩竴
count = 1 #鍏ㄥ眬鍙橀噺
def func():
count += 1 # 浠庡眬閮ㄤ綔鐢ㄥ煙鎿嶄綔鍏ㄥ眬鍙橀噺
func()
鎶ラ敊锛歎nboundLocalError: local variable 鈥榗ount鈥?referenced before assignment锛堣祴鍊煎墠寮曠敤灞€閮ㄥ彉閲忥級
渚嬩簩锛堝畾涔変竴涓彉閲忥紝浣嗗湪瀹氫箟杩欎釜鍙橀噺涔嬪墠瀵瑰叾寮曠敤锛岃В閲婂櫒璁や负锛氳娉曢敊璇級
count = 1
def func():
print(count)
count = 3
func()
鎶ラ敊锛歎nboundLocalError: local variable 鈥榗ount鈥?referenced before assignment锛堣祴鍊煎墠寮曠敤灞€閮ㄥ彉閲忥級
鍘熷洜锛堜娇鐢ㄥ彲浠ワ紝涓嶈兘鏀瑰彉锛夛細
褰損ython瑙ｉ噴鍣ㄨ鍙栧埌灞€閮ㄤ綔鐢ㄥ煙鏃讹紝鍙戠幇浜嗕綘瀵逛竴涓彉閲忚繘琛屼慨鏀圭殑鎿嶄綔锛岃В閲婂櫒浼氳涓轰綘鍦ㄥ眬閮ㄥ凡缁忓畾涔夎繃杩欎釜灞€閮ㄥ彉閲忎簡锛屽畠灏变粠灞€閮ㄦ壘杩欎釜灞€閮ㄥ彉閲忥紝娌℃壘鍒板氨鎶ラ敊浜嗐€?/p>
4銆佸唴缃嚱鏁癵lobals鍜宭ocals
b銆乴ocals()鍑芥暟锛?/h4>
杩斿洖鐨勪簨瀛楀吀锛屽瓧鍏搁噷闈㈢殑閿€煎锛氬綋鍓嶄綔鐢ㄥ煙鐨勬墍鏈夊唴瀹?/p>
5銆佷慨鏀瑰彉閲忎綔鐢ㄥ煙global銆乶onlocal
a銆乬lobal鍏抽敭瀛楋細
鐢ㄩ€旓細
1銆佸湪灞€閮ㄤ綔鐢ㄥ煙澹版槑涓€涓叏灞€鍙橀噺
鎯宠鍦ㄥ嚱鏁伴噷淇敼鍏ㄥ眬鍙橀噺锛岄渶瑕佷娇鐢ㄥ叧閿瓧global
x=1 #鍏ㄥ眬鍙橀噺
def fun():
y=2 #灞€閮ㄥ彉閲?br>
global x
x+=1
print(x,y)
fun() # 2 2
鎯宠鍦ㄥ嚱鏁板璁块棶鍑芥暟閲岀殑鍙橀噺锛屼篃闇€瑕佷娇鐢ㄥ叧閿瓧global锛屼笉鍔爂lobal鐨勬椂鍊欙細
鍔爂lobal鐨勬椂鍊欙細
褰撳嚱鏁板鍙橀噺鍜屽嚱鏁伴噷鍙橀噺鍚屽悕锛屼笖鍑芥暟閲屼娇鐢ㄤ簡global鍏抽敭瀛楋紝浼樺厛浣跨敤鍑芥暟閲岀殑鍙橀噺
a=10
def f1():
global a
a+=1
print(a)
def f2():
global a
a=1
print(a)
f1()
f2()
杩愯缁撴灉
11
1 #f2涓悓鏃跺瓨鍦╣lobal a 鍏ㄥ眬鍙橀噺鍜宎 = 1杩欎釜灞€閮ㄥ彉閲忥紝浼樺厛浣跨敤f2涓嚜甯︾殑a
b銆乶onlocal鍏抽敭瀛楋細
浣滅敤锛?
鍐呭眰鍑芥暟瀵瑰灞傚嚱鏁扮殑灞€閮ㄥ彉閲忚繘琛屼慨鏀?/p>
濡傛灉瑕佷慨鏀瑰祵濂椾綔鐢ㄥ煙锛坋nclosing 浣滅敤鍩燂紝澶栧眰闈炲叏灞€浣滅敤鍩燂級涓殑鍙橀噺鍒欓渶瑕?nonlocal 鍏抽敭瀛椾簡
def fun2():
q=1 #灞€閮ㄥ灞?br>
print(鈥樺眬閮ㄥ灞傗€?q)
def fun3():
w=22
nonlocal q # nonlocal鍏抽敭瀛楀０鏄?br>
q+=1 #灞€閮ㄩ噷灞?br>
print(q)
print(鈥樺眬閮ㄩ噷灞傗€?w)
fun3()
fun2()
鍥涖€佸嚱鏁板悕鐨勫簲鐢?/h2>
2銆佸嚱鏁板悕灏辨槸鍙橀噺
? def func():
? pass
f1 = func
f2 = f1
f2()
3銆佸嚱鏁板悕鍙互浣滀负瀹瑰櫒绫绘暟鎹被鍨嬬殑鍏冪礌
def func1():
pass
def func2():
pass
list_1 = [func1, func2]
for i in list_1:
i()
5銆佸嚱鏁板悕鍙互浣滀负鍑芥暟鐨勮繑鍥炲€?/h3>
def func1():
print(鈥楬ello鈥?
def func2(func):
return func
ret = func2(func1)
ret() # Hello 鐩稿綋浜巉unc1()
浜斻€佹帹瀵煎紡銆佺敓鎴愬櫒銆佽凯浠ｅ櫒
1銆佹帹瀵煎紡
鐢ㄤ竴琛屼唬鐮佹瀯寤轰竴涓瘮杈冨鏉傛湁瑙勫緥鐨勫垪琛?/p>
lis = [x * x for x in range(1, 100)]
# 澧炲姞鏉′欢璇彞
[x * x for x in range(1, 11) if x % 2 == 0]
# 澶氶噸寰幆
[a + b for a in 鈥?23鈥?for b in "xyz"]
# 浣跨敤澶ф嫭鍙穥}鍙互鍒堕€犲瓧鍏告帹瀵煎紡锛? dic = {x: x**2 for x in (2, 3, 5)}
# 鏇村鐢ㄦ硶
dic = {"k1":"v1", "k2":"v2"}
a = [k+":"+ v for k, v in dic.items()]
# 澶ф嫭鍙烽櫎浜嗚兘鐢ㄤ綔瀛楀吀鎺ㄥ寮忥紝杩樺彲浠ョ敤浣滈泦鍚堟帹瀵煎紡锛屼袱鑰呬粎浠呭湪缁嗗井澶勬湁宸埆銆? a = {x for x in "adadfdaf" if x not in "abc"}
2銆佺敓鎴愬櫒
b銆佺敓鎴愬櫒
# 澶ф嫭鍙烽櫎浜嗚兘鐢ㄤ綔瀛楀吀鎺ㄥ寮忥紝杩樺彲浠ョ敤浣滈泦鍚堟帹瀵煎紡锛屼袱鑰呬粎浠呭湪缁嗗井澶勬湁宸埆銆? a = {x for x in "adadfdaf" if x not in "abc"}
2銆佺敓鎴愬櫒
b銆佺敓鎴愬櫒
涓€杈瑰惊鐜竴杈硅绠楀嚭鍏冪礌鐨勬満鍒讹紝绉颁负鐢熸垚鍣ㄣ€?/p>
鑾峰彇鐢熸垚鍣ㄧ殑涓夌鏂瑰紡
? 1銆佺敓鎴愬櫒鍑芥暟
? 2銆佺敓鎴愬櫒琛ㄨ揪寮?br>
? 3銆丳ython鍐呴儴鎻愪緵
yield
yield鍏抽敭瀛?锛氫娇鐢▂ield杩斿洖鐨勫嚱鏁颁細鍙樻垚涓€涓敓鎴愬櫒锛坓enerator锛夈€?/p>
鍦ㄨ皟鐢ㄧ敓鎴愬櫒鐨勮繃绋嬩腑锛屾瘡娆￠亣鍒皔ield鏃跺嚱鏁颁細鏆傚仠骞朵繚瀛樺綋鍓嶆墍鏈夌殑杩愯淇℃伅锛岃繑鍥瀥ield鐨勫€笺€傚苟鍦ㄤ笅涓€娆℃墽琛宯ext()鏂规硶鏃朵粠褰撳墠浣嶇疆缁х画杩愯銆?/p>
鐢熸垚鍣ㄥ嚱鏁颁腑鍙互瀛樺湪澶氫釜yield锛屼竴涓獃ield瀵逛簬涓€涓猲ext()
def fib(n):
a, b, count = 0, 1, 0
while True:
if count > n:
return
yield b # yield璁╄鍑芥暟鍙樻垚涓€涓敓鎴愬櫒
a, b = b, a + b
count += 1
res = fib(10)
print(res) # <generator object fib at 0x00000158ED6E28C8>
for i in res:
print(i, end=" ") # 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89
yield from 锛氬皢涓€涓彲杩唬瀵硅薄鍙樻垚涓€涓敓鎴愬櫒
浼樺寲鍐呭眰寰幆锛屾彁楂樻晥鐜?/p>
def func():
li = [1, 2, 3, 4]
yield from li
gen = func()
print(next(gen)) # 1
print(next(gen)) # 2
print(next(gen)) # 3
print(next(gen)) # 4
print(next(gen)) # 鎶涘嚭StopIteration寮傚父
閫氳繃鍒楄〃鎺ㄥ寮忎慨鏀?br>
print([x * x for x in range(1, 4)]) # [1, 2, 3]
g = (x * x for x in range(1, 4)) # 杩斿洖鐨勬槸涓€涓敓鎴愬櫒瀵硅薄
print(g) # <generator object
鍙互閫氳繃next()鍑芥暟鑾峰緱generator鐨勪笅涓€涓繑鍥炲€硷紝杩欑偣鍜屼笅闈粙缁嶇殑杩唬鍣ㄩ潪甯哥浉浼硷細
next(g)
next(g)
next(g)
next(g) # 鎶涘嚭StopIteration寮傚父
閫氬父鎯呭喌涓嬶紝浣跨敤for寰幆鏉ラ亶鍘嗭細
for i in g:
print(i)
3銆佽凯浠ｅ櫒Iterator
杩唬锛氶€氳繃for寰幆閬嶅巻瀵硅薄鐨勬瘡涓€涓厓绱犵殑杩囩▼
鍙互閫氳繃collections妯″潡鐨処terable绫诲瀷鏉ュ垽鏂竴涓璞℃槸鍚﹀彲杩唬锛?br>
from collections import Iterable
isinstance("123", Iterable)
isinstance((3, 56, 23), Iterable)
isinstance(1324, Iterable)
a銆佸彲杩唬瀵硅薄
鍐呴儴鍚湁 鈥?strong>iter
鈥欐柟娉曠殑瀵硅薄绉颁负鍙凯浠ｅ璞?br> 鍙凯浠ｅ璞★細list銆乼uple銆乺ange銆乻tring銆乨ict銆乻et銆乥ytes銆佹枃浠跺彞鏌勭瓑閮芥槸鍙凯浠ｅ璞?/p>鑾峰彇涓€涓璞＄殑鎵€鏈夋柟娉曪細dir()
dir(str),dir(list),dir(tuple),dir(list)
鍒ゆ柇鏄惁鏄彲杩唬瀵硅薄 锛氣€?strong>iter
鈥?in dir(瀵硅薄)浼樼偣锛?br>
1銆佸瓨鍌ㄧ殑鏁版嵁鑳界洿鎺ユ樉绀猴紝姣旇緝鐩磋銆?br>
2銆佹嫢鏈夌殑鏂规硶姣旇緝澶氥€?br>
缂虹偣锛?br>
1銆佸崰鐢ㄥ唴瀛樸€?br>
2銆佷笉鑳界洿鎺ラ€氳繃for寰幆
3銆佷笉鑳界洿鎺ュ彇鍊硷紙绱㈠紩銆乲ey闄ゅ锛?/p>
b銆佽凯浠ｅ櫒
1銆佽凯浠ｅ櫒
鏄竴绉嶅彲浠ヨ閬嶅巻鐨勫璞★紝骞朵笖鑳戒綔鐢ㄤ簬next()鍑芥暟锛堝唴閮ㄥ惈鏈夆€?strong>iter
鈥欐柟娉曞苟涓斿惈鏈夆€?strong>next鈥欙級鏂规硶鐨勫璞″氨鏄凯浠ｅ櫒锛夈€?/p>2銆佽凯浠ｅ櫒鐨勭壒鐐癸細
杩唬鍣ㄦ槸鏁版嵁澶勭悊鐨勫熀鐭筹紝鎵弿鍐呭瓨涓斁涓嶄笅鐨勬暟鎹泦鏃讹紝鎴戜滑瑕佹壘鍒颁竴绉嶆儼鎬ц幏鍙栨暟鎹」鐨勬柟寮忥紝鍗虫寜闇€涓€娆¤幏鍙栦竴涓暟鎹」銆傝繖灏辨槸杩唬鍣ㄦā寮忋€?/p>
? 浼樼偣锛?br>
? 鍙互鑺傜渷鍐呭瓨鍜岀┖闂淬€?br>
? 鎯版€ф満鍒讹紝锛堜竴娆″彧璇讳竴琛岋級
? 缂虹偣锛?br>
? 閫熷害鎱€?br>
? 杩唬鍣ㄥ彧鑳藉線鍚庨亶鍘嗕笉鑳藉洖婧€?/p>
3銆佽凯浠ｅ櫒涓や釜鍩烘湰鏂规硶
? iter() 鍜?next()銆傚彲杩唬瀵硅薄涓嶆槸杩唬鍣ㄥ璞★紝鍙互浣跨敤collections妯″潡涓殑Iterator绫诲瀷鏉ュ垽鏂竴涓璞℃槸鍚︽槸杩唬鍣ㄥ璞°€?br>
? from collections import Iterator
? lis = [23, 43, 23]
? isinstance(lis, Iterator) # 杩斿洖False
4銆佸彲杩唬瀵硅薄杞寲鎴愯凯浠ｅ櫒
a銆乮ter(object):
list_1 = [1, 2, 3]
print(iter(list_1)) # <list_iterator object at 0x00000258794BF308>
b銆乷bject.iter():
list_1 = [1, 2, 3]
print(list_1.iter()) # <list_iterator object at 0x00000258794BF308>
鎬荤粨锛?/h5>
绫诲彉鎴愪负涓€涓凯浠ｅ櫒锛岄渶瑕佸湪绫婚噷瀹炵幇__iter__()鍜宊_next__()鏂规硶
杩唬鍣ㄨ〃绀虹殑鏄竴涓厓绱犳祦锛屽彲浠ヨnext()鍑芥暟璋冪敤骞朵笉鏂繑鍥炰笅涓€涓厓绱狅紝鐩村埌娌℃湁鍏冪礌鏃舵姏鍑篠topIteration閿欒銆傚彲浠ユ妸杩欎釜鍏冪礌娴佺湅鍋氭槸涓€涓湁搴忓簭鍒楋紝浣嗗嵈涓嶈兘鎻愬墠鐭ラ亾搴忓垪鐨勯暱搴︼紝鍙兘涓嶆柇閫氳繃next()鍑芥暟寰楀埌涓嬩竴涓厓绱狅紝鎵€浠ュ彲浠ヨ妭鐪佸唴瀛樺拰绌洪棿
杩唬鍣ㄥ拰鍙凯浠ｅ璞″姣?br> 鍙凯浠ｅ璞℃槸涓€涓鏈夋柟娉曞锛屾搷浣滅伒娲伙紝姣旇緝鐩磋锛屽瓨鍌ㄦ暟鎹浉瀵瑰皯鐨勪竴涓暟鎹泦銆?br> 鐢ㄩ€旓細渚ч噸浜庢暟鎹伒娲诲鐞嗭紝鍐呭瓨绌洪棿瓒冲銆?/p>
杩唬鍣ㄦ槸闈炲父鑺傜渷鍐呭瓨锛屽彲浠ヨ褰曞彇鍊间綅缃紝涓嶇洿瑙傦紝鎿嶄綔鏂规硶姣旇緝鍗曚竴鐨勬暟鎹泦
鐢ㄩ€旓細鏁版嵁閲忚繃澶э紝鍙互鎾戠垎鍐呭瓨鎴栦互鑺傜渷鍐呭瓨涓洪閫夊洜绱犳椂銆?/p>
妯℃嫙for寰幆鏈哄埗
# while 妯℃嫙for寰幆鏈哄埗
list_1 = [1, 2, 3]
# 灏嗗彲杩唬鍣ㄥ璞¤浆鍖栨垚杩唬鍣?/p>
obj = iter(list_1)
while True:
try:
print(next(obj))
except StopIteration:
break
璇硶
lambda 鍑芥暟鐨勮娉曞彧鍖呭惈涓€涓鍙ワ紝濡備笅锛?br> lambda [arg1 [,arg2,.....argn]]:expression
lambda鏄畾涔夊尶鍚嶅嚱鏁扮殑鍏抽敭瀛楋紝鐩稿綋浜庡嚱鏁癲ef,lambda鍚庨潰鐩存帴鍔犲舰鍙傦紝鏄熺伩涔嬮棿鐢ㄩ€楀彿闅斿紑
涓冦€佸唴缃嚱鏁?/h2>
1銆乧allable()
鍑芥暟鎷ユ湁妫€鏌ヤ竴涓璞℃槸鍚︽槸鍙皟鐢ㄧ殑銆?/p>
str1 = 鈥楬ello鈥?br> print(callable(str1))
def func():
pass
print(callable(func))
2銆乵ax()銆乵in()銆乻um()銆乤bs()
max()鏈€澶у€?br>
list1 = [6, 9, 3, 7, 5]
print(max(list1)) # 9
min()鏈€灏忓€?br>
list1 = [6, 9, 3, 7, 5]
print(min(list1)) # 3
sum()搴忓垪鍏冪礌涔嬪拰
list1 = [6, 9, 3, 7, 5]
print(sum(list1)) # 30
abs()缁濆鍊?br>
a = -150
print(abs(a)) # 150
max(x) min(x) 鐨刱ey鍙傛暟鍙互鐢ㄦ潵鎸囧畾姣旇緝瑙勫垯 x涓哄簭鍒?br>
x=[鈥?1鈥?鈥?234鈥?鈥?鈥?鈥?9鈥榏
print(max(x)) # 榛樿鎸夌収瀛楃涓茬殑ascii鐮佸ぇ灏?br>
print(max(x, key=len)) # 鎸夌収瀛楃涓查暱搴?key鏄竴涓嚱鏁癴unction len()
# 妯℃嫙搴曞眰瀹炵幇
def max(l,key=None):
maxobj=l[0]
for i in l:
if key!=None:
if key(i)>key(maxobj):
maxobj=i
else:
if i>maxobj:
maxobj=i
return maxobj
print( max(x,key=int)) #鎸夌収鍏冪礌缁忚繃int()鍚庣殑澶у皬姣旇緝 瀛楃涓查渶涓烘暟瀛楋紝鍚﹀垯鎶ラ敊
杈撳嚭锛?br>
99
1234
1234
缁撳悎鍓嶉潰鐨勫垪琛ㄦ帹瀵煎紡锛岄殢鏈烘暟鐢熸垚鍣紝max()鍑芥暟
x=[ [ random.randint(1,100) for j in range(6)] for i in range(5) ]
for item in x:
print(item)
print(max(x,key=sum))
鈥樷€樷€?br>
def max(x,key=sum):
maxobj=x[0]
for i in x:
if sum(i)>sum(maxobj)
maxobj=i
return maxobj
鈥樷€樷€?br>
杈撳嚭锛?br>
[100, 86, 20, 72, 2, 42]
[27, 67, 75, 57, 77, 39]
[56, 83, 93, 97, 81, 89]
[11, 53, 34, 11, 29, 27]
[76, 14, 30, 9, 32, 50]
[56, 83, 93, 97, 81, 89]
sum(x,start=0) 杩斿洖搴忓垪x涓墍鏈夊厓绱犱箣鍜?杩斿洖start+sum(x)锛屽嵆璁剧疆鍒濆鍊?/p>
print (sum([1,2,3,4]))
print(sum([1,2,3,5],20))
鈥樷€樷€?br>
def sum(l,start=0):
result=0
for i in l锛?br>
result+=sum(i) ->sum([1,2,3])+0
return start+result
鈥樷€樷€?br>
arr2=[[1,2,3],[2,3,4]]
print(sum(arr2,[5])) #start鐨勭被鍨嬭涓庡簭鍒楀厓绱犱竴鑷?br>
杈撳嚭锛?br>
10
31
[5, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4]
3銆乨ivmod()銆乺ound()銆乸ow()銆乥ytes()
divmod():
璁＄畻闄ゆ暟涓庤闄ゆ暟鐨勭粨鏋滐紝杩斿洖涓€涓寘鍚晢鍜屼綑鏁扮殑鍏冪粍(a//b, a%b).
round():
淇濈暀娴偣鏁扮殑灏忔暟浣嶆暟锛岄粯璁や繚鐣欐暣鏁般€?/p>
pow():
姹倄y娆″箓锛堜笁涓弬鏁颁负xy鐨勭粨鏋滃z鍙栦綑锛?/p>
bytes()
鐢ㄤ簬涓嶅悓缂栫爜涔嬮棿鐨勮浆鍖?br>
str1 = 鈥欎腑鍥解€?br>
bytes(str1, encoding=鈥檜tf-8鈥?
4銆乤ll()銆乤ny()
all()
鍑芥暟鐢ㄤ簬鍒ゆ柇 鎵€鏈夊厓绱犳槸鍚﹂兘涓?TRUE锛屽鏋滄槸杩斿洖 True锛屽惁鍒欒繑鍥?False銆?/p>
鍑芥暟绛変环浜庯細
def all(iterable):
for element in iterable:
if not element:
return False
return True
print( all([鈥榓鈥? 鈥榖鈥? 鈥榙鈥榏) )
print( all([鈥榓鈥? 鈥榖鈥? 鈥樷€? 鈥榙鈥榏) )
print( all([鈥榓鈥? 鈥榖鈥? 鈥榙鈥?鈥?鈥榏) ) # 鍒楄〃list锛屽瓨鍦ㄤ竴涓负绌虹殑鍏冪礌
杈撳嚭锛?br>
True
False
False
any()
鍑芥暟鐢ㄤ簬鍒ゆ柇鏄惁鍏ㄩ儴涓?False锛屽垯杩斿洖 False锛屽鏋滄湁涓€涓负 True锛屽垯杩斿洖 True銆?/p>
# 鍑芥暟绛変环浜庯細
def any(iterable):
for element in iterable:
if element:
return True
return False
a=any([鈥樷€?0])
print(a)
a=any([鈥榓sd鈥?鈥樷€榏)
print(a)
杈撳嚭锛?br>
False
True
5銆乻orted()銆乺eversed()
sorted()
瀵瑰垪琛?銆佸厓缁勩€?瀛楀吀 銆侀泦鍚堟垨鍏朵粬鍙凯浠ｅ璞¤繘琛屾帓搴忓苟杩斿洖鏂板垪琛?br>
璇硶锛?br>
sorted(iterable,,key=None,reverse=False)
iterable鍙凯浠ｅ璞?锛?/em> 澶氫釜锛?key 鎸囧畾鎺掑簭瑙勫垯锛宺everse锛氭槸鍚﹂€嗗簭 榛樿涓篺alse
x=[鈥榓aa鈥?鈥榖c鈥?鈥榙鈥?鈥榖鈥?鈥榖a鈥?鈥楢B鈥榏
print( sorted(x,key=len)) # [鈥榙鈥? 鈥榖鈥? 鈥榖c鈥? 鈥榖a鈥? 鈥楢B鈥? 鈥榓aa鈥榏
print( sorted(x,key=str)) # [鈥楢B鈥? 鈥榓aa鈥? 鈥榖鈥? 鈥榖a鈥? 鈥榖c鈥? 鈥榙鈥榏
print( sorted(x,key=str.lower)) # [鈥榓aa鈥? 鈥楢B鈥? 鈥榖鈥? 鈥榖a鈥? 鈥榖c鈥? 鈥榙鈥榏 # 杩斿洖鐨勬槸鍒楄〃
reversed()
瀵瑰彲杩唬瀵硅薄 锛堢敓鎴愬櫒瀵硅薄鍜屽叿鏈夋儼鎬ф眰鍊煎璞＄壒鎬х殑zip銆乵ap銆乫ilter,enumerate绛夊璞￠櫎澶栵級杩涜鍙嶈浆锛屽苟杩斿洖涓€涓凯浠ｇ殑reverse瀵硅薄锛堣凯浠ｅ櫒锛?/p>
reverse(seq 搴忓垪)
x=[鈥榓aa鈥?鈥榖c鈥?鈥榙鈥?鈥榖鈥?鈥榖a鈥榏
print(reversed(x)) # 杩斿洖涓€涓猺everse瀵硅薄
print( list ( reversed(x)))
杈撳嚭锛?br>
<list_reverseiterator object at 0x000001CAA8CC1748>
[鈥榖a鈥? 鈥榖鈥? 鈥榙鈥? 鈥榖c鈥? 鈥榓aa鈥榏
6銆亃ip()
zip()鍑芥暟锛氭妸澶氫釜鍙凯浠ｅ璞＄殑鍏冪礌鍘嬬缉鍒颁竴璧凤紝杩斿洖涓€涓彲杩唬鐨剒ip瀵硅薄锛屽叾涓瘡涓厓绱犻兘鏄寘鍚師鏉ョ殑澶氫釜鍙凯浠ｅ璞″搴斾綅缃笂鍏冪礌鐨勫厓缁勶紝濡傚悓鎷夋媺閾句竴鏍?br>
print( zip(鈥榓bc鈥?[1,2,3]))
print( list( zip(鈥榓bc鈥?[1,2,3])))
print(list(zip(鈥榓bcd鈥?[1,2,3,4],[4,5,6,7,8,9])))
杈撳嚭锛?br>
<zip object at 0x000001CAA8C796C8>
[(鈥榓鈥? 1), (鈥榖鈥? 2), (鈥榗鈥? 3)]
[(鈥榓鈥? 1, 4), (鈥榖鈥? 2, 5), (鈥榗鈥? 3, 6), (鈥榙鈥? 4, 7)]
7銆乵ap()
鏄犲皠锛屽皢涓€涓嚱鏁板弬鏁版槧灏勫埌搴忓垪鎴栬凯浠ｅ櫒鐨勫璞＄殑姣忎釜鍏冪礌涓婏紝骞惰繑鍥炰竴涓釜杩唬鐨刴ap瀵硅薄锛岃繖涓璞＄殑姣忎釜鍏冪礌鏄師搴忓垪涓厓绱犵粡杩囧嚱鏁板鐞嗗悗鐨勭粨鏋?/p>
8銆乫ilter( )
filter锛堬級灏嗕竴涓崟鍙傛暟鍑芥暟浣滅敤鍒颁竴涓簭鍒椾笂锛岃繑鍥炶搴忓垪涓娇寰楄鍑芥暟杩斿洖鍊间负True鐨勯偅浜涘厓绱犵粍鎴愮殑filter瀵癸紝濡傛灉鎸囧畾鍑芥暟涓簄one锛屽垯杩斿洖搴忓垪涓瓑浠蜂簬True鐨勫嚱鏁?/p>
seq=[鈥榮ada鈥?鈥?sd鈥?鈥?**鈥?鈥?!鈥榏
def func(value):
return value.isalnum() # 鍒ゆ柇鏄惁涓哄瓧姣嶆垨鏁板瓧
print(filter (func,seq))
print(list(filter(func,seq)))
seq2=[33,55,88,99]
print( list( filter(lambda :>60 ,seq2)))
杈撳嚭锛?br>
<filter object at 0x000001CAA8C23160>
[鈥榮ada鈥? 鈥?sd鈥榏
[88, 99]
*.map銆乫ilter銆乪numerate銆亃ip绛夊璞′笉浠呭叿鏈夋儼鎬ф眰鍊肩殑鐗圭偣锛岃繕鏈夊彟澶栦竴涓壒鐐癸紝璁块棶杩囩殑鍏冪礌涓嶅彲鍐嶆璁块棶
x=map(str,range(10))
print(list(x))
print(list(x))
x=map(str,range(10))
x=list(x)
print(x)
print(x)
杈撳嚭锛?br>
[鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥榏
[]
[鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥榏
[鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥? 鈥?鈥榏
9銆乼ype() 鍜?isinstance()
type(x) 鏌ョ湅鍙傛暟x鐨勭被鍨?br>
isinstance(x锛寉) 鍒ゆ柇x鏄惁鏄痽鐨勫疄渚?br>
type([3]) #鏌ョ湅3鐨勭被鍨?br>
type({3}) in (list ,tuple,dict) # {}鏄痵et 闆嗗悎 in 鍒ゆ柇鏄惁鍦╥n锛堬級鐨勫厓绱犻噷
isinstance(3,int) # 鍒ゆ柇3鏄惁鏄痠nt绫诲瀷鐨勫疄渚?br>
isinstance(3j,(int ,float,str,complex)) #complex 鍒ゆ柇3j鏄惁涓篿nt float str 鎴朿omplex绫诲瀷
杈撳嚭锛?
list
False
True
True
10銆乺educe( )
鏍囧噯搴?functools涓殑鍑芥暟reduce()鍙互灏嗕竴涓帴鏀?涓弬鏁扮殑鍑芥暟浠ヨ凯浠ｅ櫒绱Н鐨勬柟寮忎粠宸﹀埌鍙充緷娆′綔鐢ㄥ埌涓€涓簭鍒楁垨杩唬鍣ㄥ璞＄殑鎵€鏈夊厓绱犱笂锛屽苟涓斿厑璁告寚瀹氫竴涓垵濮嬪€?/p>
from functools import reduce
seq=list(range(1,100))
print(seq)
print(reduce(lambda _1,_2:_1+_2,seq))
杈撳嚭锛?br>
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99]
4950
# opeator 妯″潡 鎿嶄綔绗?/p>
#add锛堬級 sub() mul() div()
import operator
print( operator.add(1,2))
print( operator.mul(1,2))
print( reduce (operator.add,seq))
print( reduce(operator.mul,range(1,11)))
杈撳嚭锛?br>
3
2
4950
3628800
11銆乧allable()
callable锛氬嚱鏁扮敤浜庢鏌ヤ竴涓璞℃槸鍚︽槸鍙皟鐢ㄧ殑銆傚鏋滆繑鍥濼rue锛宱bject浠嶇劧鍙兘璋冪敤澶辫触锛涗絾濡傛灉杩斿洖False锛岃皟鐢ㄥ璞jbect缁濆涓嶄細鎴愬姛銆?/p>
name = 鈥榓lex鈥?br>
def func():
pass
print(callable(name)) # False
print(callable(func)) # True
12銆乴ocals() 锛?鍐呯疆鍑芥暟
灏嗗眬閮ㄥ彉閲忥紝浣跨敤瀛楀吀鐨勬柟寮忚繘琛屾墦鍖咃紝key鏄彉閲忓悕锛寁alue鏄彉閲忎腑瀛樺偍鐨勬暟鎹?/p>
1銆佸唴宓屽嚱鏁?/h3>
鍑芥暟閲屽張宓屽涓€涓嚱鏁?br>
def fun1():
print(鈥榝un1()鍦ㄨ璋冪敤鈥?
def fun2():
print(鈥榝un2()鍦ㄨ璋冪敤鈥?
fun2()
3銆佸洖璋冨嚱鏁?/h3>
def fun6():
print(鈥樼涓€涓嚱鏁扳€?
def fun7(a): #鎶婁笂涓€涓嚱鏁颁綋褰撴垚鍙傛暟
a()
print(鈥樼浜屼釜鍑芥暟鈥?
fun7(fun6)
杩愯缁撴灉锛?/h1>
绗竴涓嚱鏁?br> 绗簩涓嚱鏁?/p>
4銆侀€掑綊鍑芥暟
鍗宠嚜宸辫皟鐢ㄨ嚜宸憋紝閫掑綊涓彲浠ュ嚱鏁拌嚜韬皟鐢ㄨ嚜韬紝浣嗘槸浣跨敤鏃剁被浼间簬鏉′欢寰幆涓€鏍凤紝瑕佹湁閫掑綊鐨勭粓姝㈡潯浠?/p>
閫掑綊鐨勬渶澶ф繁搴︽槸1000灞?br> 鑺傜渷鍐呭瓨绌洪棿锛屼笉璁╃敤鎴锋棤闄愪娇鐢?br> 閫掑綊瑕佸敖閲忔帶鍒舵鏁帮紝濡傛灉闇€瑕佸緢澶氬眰鎵嶈兘瑙ｅ喅闂锛屽垯涓嶉€傚悎閫掑綊
閫掑綊鍜屽惊鐜殑鍏崇郴
閫掑綊涓嶆槸涓囪兘鐨?br>
閫掑綊姣斿惊鐜洿鍗犵敤鍐呭瓨
sys.setrecursionlimit(n) 锛氳缃€掑綊鐨勬渶澶ф繁搴?/p>
閫掑綊鍑芥暟蹇呴』瑕佹湁鍋滀笅鏉ョ殑鏈哄埗
鐢ㄩ€旓細
璁＄畻闃堕暱
os妯″潡:鏌ョ湅鏂囦欢澶逛笅鎵€鏈夋枃浠讹紙鏂囦欢澶归噷杩樻湁鏂囦欢澶癸紝鎵惧埌鎵€鏈夛級
os妯″潡:璁＄畻鏂囦欢澶逛笅鎵€鏈夋枃浠剁殑澶у皬锛堟枃浠跺す閲岃繕鏈夋枃浠跺す锛屾壘鍒版墍鏈夛級
璁＄畻鏂愭尝閭ｅ鏁板垪
涓夌骇鑿滃崟
闃朵箻
# 5锛?5*4*3*2*1
def factorial(n):
if n==1:
return 1
else:
return factorial(n-1)*n
浼樼偣锛氫娇鐢ㄩ€掑綊鏃讹紝甯稿父鍙互璁╀唬鐮佹洿鍔犵畝娲?br> 缂虹偣锛氶€掑綊浼氬崰鐢ㄦ瘮杈冨鐨勫唴瀛橈紝褰撻€掑綊娆℃暟姣旇緝澶氭椂锛屾€ц兘灏变細闄嶄綆锛屽洜姝や笉寤鸿澶氫娇鐢ㄩ€掑綊
涔濄€佽楗板櫒
鍙互鍦ㄤ笉鏀瑰彉鍘熷嚱鏁扮殑浠ｇ爜浠ュ強璋冪敤鏂瑰紡鐨勫墠鎻愪笅澧炲姞棰濆鐨勫姛鑳斤紙瀹岀編鍛堢幇浜嗗紑鏀惧皝闂師鍒欙級锛涜楗板櫒鐨勮繑鍥炲€兼槸鍑芥暟瀵硅薄銆?/p>
瀹炶川锛?鏄竴涓嚱鏁帮紙鏈川锛氶棴鍖咃級銆?br> 鍙傛暟锛氭槸浣犺瑁呴グ鐨勫嚱鏁板悕锛堝苟闈炲嚱鏁拌皟鐢級銆?br> 杩斿洖锛氭槸瑁呴グ瀹岀殑鍑芥暟鍚嶏紙涔熼潪鍑芥暟璋冪敤锛夈€?br> 浣滅敤锛氫负宸茬粡瀛樺湪鐨勫璞℃坊鍔犻澶栫殑鍔熻兘銆?br> 鐗圭偣锛氫笉闇€瑕佸瀵硅薄鍋氫换浣曠殑浠ｇ爜涓婄殑鍙樺姩銆?/p>
瑁呴グ鍣ㄦ湁寰堝缁忓吀鐨勫簲鐢ㄥ満鏅紝姣斿锛氭彃鍏ユ棩蹇椼€佹€ц兘娴嬭瘯銆佷簨鍔″鐞嗐€佹潈闄愭牎楠岀瓑銆傝楗板櫒鏄В鍐宠繖绫婚棶棰樼殑缁濅匠璁捐銆?/p>
def wrapper(func):
def inner(args, **kwargs):
# 棰濆澧炲姞鍔熻兘锛屽湪鍑芥暟鎵ц鍓嶅鍔犵殑鍔熻兘
ret = func(args, **kwargs)
# 棰濆澧炲姞鍔熻兘锛屽湪鍑芥暟鎵ц鍚庡鍔犵殑鍔熻兘
return ret
return inner
瑁呴グ鍣ㄦ渶澶х殑浣滅敤灏辨槸瀵逛簬鎴戜滑宸茬粡鍐欏ソ鐨勭▼搴忥紝鎴戜滑鍙互鎶界鍑轰竴浜涢浄鍚岀殑浠ｇ爜缁勫缓澶氫釜鐗瑰畾鍔熻兘鐨勮楗板櫒锛岃繖鏍锋垜浠氨鍙互閽堝涓嶅悓鐨勯渶姹傚幓浣跨敤鐗瑰畾鐨勮楗板櫒锛岃繖鏃跺洜涓烘簮鐮佸幓闄や簡澶ч噺娉涘寲鐨勫唴瀹硅€屼娇寰楁簮鐮佸叿鏈夋洿鍔犳竻鏅扮殑閫昏緫銆?/p>
瀹氫箟涓€涓兘鎵撳嵃鏃ュ織鐨刣ecorator锛?br>
def log(func):
def wrapper(args, **kw):
print(鈥榗all %s():鈥?% func.name)
return func(args, **kw)
return wrapper
@log
def now():
print(鈥?015-3-25鈥?
璋冪敤锛?br>
now()
杈撳嚭锛?br>
call now():
2015-3-25
鍑芥暟瀵硅薄鏈変竴涓猒_name__灞炴€э紝鍙互鎷垮埌鍑芥暟鐨勫悕瀛椼€傝皟鐢╪ow()鍑芥暟锛屼笉浠呬細杩愯now()鍑芥暟鏈韩锛岃繕浼氬湪杩愯now()鍑芥暟鍓嶆墦鍗颁竴琛屾棩蹇椼€傛妸@log鏀惧埌now()鍑芥暟鐨勫畾涔夊锛岀浉褰撲簬鎵ц浜嗚鍙ワ細
now = log(now)
wrapper()鍑芥暟鐨勫弬鏁板畾涔夋槸(*args, **kw)锛屽洜姝わ紝wrapper()鍑芥暟鍙互鎺ュ彈浠绘剰鍙傛暟鐨勮皟鐢ㄣ€傚湪wrapper()鍑芥暟鍐咃紝棣栧厛鎵撳嵃鏃ュ織锛屽啀绱ф帴鐫€璋冪敤鍘熷鍑芥暟銆?/p>
濡傛灉decorator鏈韩闇€瑕佷紶鍏ュ弬鏁帮紝閭ｅ氨闇€瑕佺紪鍐欎竴涓繑鍥瀌ecorator鐨勯珮闃跺嚱鏁帮細
def log(text):
def decorator(func):
def wrapper(args, **kw):
print(鈥?s %s():鈥?% (text, func.name))
return func(args, **kw)
return wrapper
return decorator
@log(鈥榚xecute鈥?
def now():
print(鈥?015-3-25鈥?
now()
杈撳嚭锛?br>
execute now():
2015-3-25
鍜屼袱灞傚祵濂楃殑decorator鐩告瘮锛?灞傚祵濂楃殑鏁堟灉鏄繖鏍风殑锛?br>
now = log(鈥榚xecute鈥?(now)
棣栧厛鎵цlog(鈥榚xecute鈥?锛岃繑鍥炵殑鏄痙ecorator鍑芥暟锛屽啀璋冪敤杩斿洖鐨勫嚱鏁帮紝鍙傛暟鏄痭ow鍑芥暟锛岃繑鍥炲€兼渶缁堟槸wrapper鍑芥暟銆傚嚱鏁颁篃鏄璞★紝瀹冩湁__name__绛夊睘鎬э紝浣嗕綘鍘荤湅缁忚繃decorator瑁呴グ涔嬪悗鐨勫嚱鏁帮紝瀹冧滑鐨刜_name__宸茬粡浠庡師鏉ョ殑鈥榥ow鈥樺彉鎴愪簡鈥榳rapper鈥橈細
print(now.name) #杈撳嚭:wrapper
鍥犱负杩斿洖鐨勯偅涓獁rapper()鍑芥暟鍚嶅瓧灏辨槸鈥榳rapper鈥橈紝鎵€浠ワ紝闇€瑕佹妸鍘熷鍑芥暟鐨刜_name__绛夊睘鎬у鍒跺埌wrapper()鍑芥暟涓紝鍚﹀垯锛屾湁浜涗緷璧栧嚱鏁扮鍚嶇殑浠ｇ爜鎵ц灏变細鍑洪敊銆?br>
Python鍐呯疆鐨刦unctools.wraps灏辨槸骞茶繖涓簨鐨勶紝鎵€浠ワ紝涓€涓畬鏁寸殑decorator鐨勫啓娉曞涓嬶細
import functools
def log(func):
@functools.wraps(func)
def wrapper(args, **kw):
print(鈥榗all %s():鈥?% func.name)
return func(args, **kw)
return wrapper
import functools
def log(text):
def decorator(func):
@functools.wraps(func)
def wrapper(args, **kw):
print(鈥?s %s():鈥?% (text, func.name))
return func(args, **kw)
return wrapper
return decorator
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