经济学人常见词汇清单

Posted 2020-12-04 wanghui626

可以看张满胜的《语法新思维》的中级和高级，他的中级厚厚一本就是讲各种从句的构句规则和实践，高级一书专门讲非谓语动词和简化从句，教你如何抓主要动词理解主句，书中有大量的实例和例句，通读完这套书后，再搭配经济学人的泛读，英文的文本阅读能力会提高一大截。

最重要的是，一定要分类记录。 

1. 动词/名词结构 
经济减速Economic slowdown 
突出的问题 noticeable problems 
显著的效果 marked effects were achieved 
越来越严重 … is worsening 
看见它的不多 not many have seen it. 
人类 the human race 
人类（定语） the human environment 
取得经济效益 gain significant economic benefits 
引起公正注意 catch public attention 
面临…的问题 are confronted with problems 
采取有效措施 take effective actions/measures 
从…的角度 from the perspective of xxx 
严厉打击腐败 clamp down on corruption 
收取回扣 receive kickbacks 
有益于 xxx is conducive to xxx 
优先考虑 give priority to sth /sth takes precedence over 
想办法 devise ways to 
抑制价格增长 restrain price growth 
缓和 mitigate, moderate 
保持上升的趋势 remain on an upward trend 
激烈竞争 intense competition 
取得进步/在。。。方面取得进步 achieve improvements in 
居民消费价格 consumer prices 
没有给与应有重视 is not given due weight 
勉强糊口 live a hand-to-mouth existence 
面临压力 come under pressure to do 
亲密，团结紧密，组织严密, a close-knit family / organization 
造成/施加压力 place stress on 
权力受到极大限制 authority was tightly circumscribed 
进一步破坏 further undermine the situation 
经不起检验/考证 can’t stand scrutiny 
风险加剧 risk is mounting 
规矩繁琐 the rules surrounding this are cumbersome/the rules are cumbersome 
培养/输送人才 turn out talented people 
精细分工 elaborate division of labor/market 
取得重大科技成果 accomplish/pull off impressive scientific feats 
在。。。境内 within China’s borders 
国企解体 dismantling of SOEs (state-owned enterprises) 
强加给 foist sth on 
劳动力 workforce 
过度反应 overreactions 
满足国内需求 cater to domestic demand 
解决/填补市场空缺 address gaps in the market 
进入市场 come into the market 
使经济增长 deliver economic growth 
弱点非常明显 weakness is very evident 
归属于/属。。。管辖 fall under the Ministry of Agriculture 
Discourage sb from doing sth 
把。。。归因于 blame pollution for deaths from various cancers 
Risk more social unrest 
Acquire energy assets overseas 
Fail in these delicate tasks 
Pose a serious threat to 
To secure ever-greater supplies 
1 billion tones of oil equivalent 
China is on its way to becoming 
Abundance – paucity 
Pose problems 
Prompt efforts to do sth 
Natural gas is at stake in these disputes 
地理政治反响 geopolitical repercussions 
主要能源消耗Primary energy consumption 
The Middle East and Central Asia 
A massive campaign 
The size of the current-account surplus 
The key to reducing xxx will be a move away from 
Take sth at face value 
首付Down payments 
New loans made during that period 
Raise alarm, raise questions 
情况不比。。。好 Not in much better shape than 
指定价格 Mandated prices 
初期 In its infancy 
Environment degradation 环境退化 
A range of clean-tech initiatives 
形形色色的规定 a patchwork of regulations 
前景不妙 prospects are poor 
远离不适当影响的干扰 Free from any undue influence 
签订方 Signatories 

z
Among the first to do sth 
In the medium to long term 
in the midst of a highly energy-intensive stage of growth处于…之中，在…中途 
as a result 
as a consequence of 
this is partly due to…, but also because 
despite China’s energy abundance, 
however, notwithstanding discoveries like this, 尽管 
With an emphasis on 
right on target 击中要害， 一针见血 
In an effort to, in an attempt to 
At a time of rising tensions 
In the face of 
In the case of 
In lieu of reducing their own emissions 
In part by reducing… 
At odds with, in conflict with 
Hardly ever 几乎从不 
even so即便如此 


3. 破折号的用法 
Room prices are modest – under $40 a night. （进一步说明） 
Domestic reserves – especially of oil – are far from adequate to meet burgeoning demand. （插入语） 
The resulting energy crunch could pose a serious threat to China’s economic growth and political stability – and hence to the global economy as well. （结果和进一步说明） 
But it is also because many sectors – such as steel and cement – are plagued by over-production, waste and inefficiency. 
China’s overwhelming reliance on coal for the bulk of its energy – around 70% -- also poses problems. （数字插入） 
But domestic reserves – especially of oil – are far from adequate to meet burgeoning demand. 
… are beginning to spread to the outside world – a trend that is exacerbating concern about China’s exports. （具体说明插入） 

4. 复合词活用 
复合词的组合有多种方式，使用复合词，可以代替啰嗦的定语从句，增强句子的简练感和文章的多样性。 
名词+名词的复合词 
-        This is a world-class industry built from nothing. 
World-class, 是名词+名词的复合词，作为定语修饰industry 

形容词+名词的复合词 
-        There are long-term worries about the supply of cheap labour. 
Long-term,是形容词+名词的复合词，作为定语修饰worries. 

名词+动词被动态的复合词，修饰名词 
-        export-oriented industry出口为主的行业 
-        Pollution-related deaths 与污染有关的死亡 

名词+形容词的复合词 
-        An energy-intensive industry 高耗能行业 

介词+名词的复合词 
-        Per-capita energy use 人均能源消耗 

掌握了这些常用的复合词搭配方式，自己就可以信手拈来，创造生动的复合词。 
far-fetched conclusions牵强的，不让人信服的 
far-reaching implications深远的影响/意义 
Instant-messaging service 
Energy-distribution system 
export-oriented industry出口为主的行业 
Pollution-related deaths 
An energy-intensive industry 高耗能行业 
Supply-side pressure 
Per-capita energy use 
The exports-to-GDP ratio has doubled. 
Fuel-price liberalization 
Ever-wider prosperity 
Energy-supply disruption 
Over-invoicing exports, under-invoicing imports 
Investment-led growth 
Investment-driven growth 
Food-and-drug safety standards 

5. 活用副词，修饰句子，或者修饰形容词 
Demographically, by freeing the labour market and operating a colour-blind immigration policy, the reforms have created an increasingly cosmopolitan society. 
“从人口的角度来说”，“就人口方面而言”，用一个副词就表示清楚了 
Psychologically, the reforms have changed what seemed to be a defining feature of Australians’ national character. 
“从心理学的角度来说”，用Psychologically， 一个副词就能解决。 

副词放句首表达观点或情绪 
Surprisingly, 
Ironically, 
Hopefully, 
Unfortunately, 

Australia is economically strong as never before. 
副词修饰形容词，“经济上强大”。澳大利亚的经济比以往任何时候都强健。 
这样类似的用法还有： 
financially capable，有经济能力的 
mentally disabled，精神不健全的，有精神疾病的 
economically viable, 经济上可行的 

6. 数量（变化）表达 
10% undervalued 
Estimated at around one in 2,000, 
Infections are increasing by 11% a year, 
In only 5% of the cases, 
这个清单我只举了几个例子，大家明白是怎么回事就行了。很多考试写作中都涉及数字和数量变化，因此这个清单很重要。 

 

阅读中使用频率最高的“熟词辟意”

1. Address演讲、讲话；解决、处理

Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.

This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from poor homes might have in completing their homework.

2. Air 公开表达观点或者不平装腔作势，摆架子

Some long-standing grievances wereaired.

an unpretentious musician with no air

3. Average平均的，普通的

if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year

Todaythe messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious butcommercial and forever happy

4. Dynaic互动的

we canm’t yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliablyinteract with a dynamic world.

5.Edge 有优势的

Competitive edge cutting-edge technology.

6. Exercise行使

You can exercise the right toremain silent. Anything you say will be used against you in the court of law.

7. feed提供；供给

If youthen examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup andprofessional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever morepronounced.

8. Pronounced明显的

9. Rate评估

the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated

10. Value评估=rate

11.Fit (into)融入

Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture

12. Late

At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for thelate Steve Ross in 1992.

13. Game 猎物，行业，诡计，花招，有冒险精神的

The insurance game;

Thelarge, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted toextinction

Diplomatic game

She is game for anything.

14. Gathering 聚会

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room

15. Green 幼稚的，不成熟的。

A green hand新手。

16. Ground 理由、根据

Have no ground to complain.

17. Handsome 大量的

publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits.

18. Heavy 难懂的、晦涩的

The report makes heavy reading for publishers

19. Ill困难的

thecompany is financially ill-managed

20. Impossible难以对付的，难处的

Impossible situation进退维谷的境地

Impossibly 相当于very

Impossibly difficult

21. Industry 勤劳

I am impressed by their industry.

22. Plant 工厂

Power plant 发电厂

23. introduce 引出，引入

introducethe topic of what makes expert performance

24. jealous 珍惜的、精心呵护的

be jealous of one’s own goodreputation.

25. Leave 委托，留给

She leaves her assistant in charge.

26. Mean吝啬的，平均的

economicstagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited andless inclusive

much higher than the mean score of 80

27. Means财富

To pay according to one’s mean按照个人的经济能力消费。

28. Meet 满足，经历

To meet disaster

all citizens who meet minimalqualifications of age and literacy

meet the demand.

29. Narrow 勉强的、刚刚好的

A narrow victory险胜

Observe 遵守，说话，评论，庆祝，庆贺

Observe rules or regulations.

She observes that the nightfall iscoming.

They observe the National Day.

31. Part 分离，分开

For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves.

32. Partial 热爱、偏见

Be partial to sth喜欢某物

Partial opinion偏见

33. Save 除了（介词）

They know nothing about her saveher name.

34. Say 发言权

You have no say in the decision.

35. Smart 整洁而漂亮的, 高档的，灵活的，灵巧的

A smart uniform整洁的制服

a smart hotel高档宾馆

a smart car灵巧的汽车

36. State 陈述

exaggerated statements跨正的陈述。

37. Shared共同的

shared effort

38. convention例会

Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention

39. common共同的

the experiences and problems which are common to all of you这些问题对你们来说

是共同的。

40. remark 注意的

He remarked the man’s inflamed wound.他注意到这个男的被感染的伤口。

41. Charge

Shippers feel they are being overcharged.这些货运人感到自己被过渡收费了。

42. rate价格

Shippers who feel theyare being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’sSurface Transportation Board for rate relief.

43. weigh 考虑衡量

They are inclined toweigh what they get

44. even 相等的

Even statistics

45. voice 意见

voices now come from manyquarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete

46. practice 惯例，做法

The practice of giving premiumto inventors

47. tell 区分，分辨

It is difficult to tellgood information from bad.

48. principal 最重要的，主要的

They found the principalrequirement for sth.

49. figure任务

Americans no longerexpect public figures to command the English language with skill and gift.

50. figure out弄清楚

Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are

51 issue 发行，授予

The Organization for EconomicCo-operation and Development （OECD） has just issued a report

52 process 处理

meaningful processing of information.

53. cover 报道；支付

To cover the disaster

Tocover the cost.

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