Python之xml操作

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xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议,可扩展标记语言,标准通用标记语言的子集。是一种用于标记电子文件使其具有结构性的标记语言。

xml格式如下,是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
    <country name="Liechtenstein">
        <rank updated="yes">2</rank>
        <year>2008</year>
        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
        <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Singapore">
        <rank updated="yes">5</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Panama">
        <rank updated="yes">69</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
        <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
    </country>
</data>

xml协议在各个语言里的都 是支持的,在python中可以用以下模块操作xml:

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 
tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
print(root.tag)
 
#遍历xml文档
for child in root:
    print(========>,child.tag,child.attrib,child.attrib[name])
    for i in child:
        print(i.tag,i.attrib,i.text)
 
#只遍历year 节点
for node in root.iter(year):
    print(node.tag,node.text)
#---------------------------------------

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 
tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
 
#修改
for node in root.iter(year):
    new_year=int(node.text)+1
    node.text=str(new_year)
    node.set(updated,yes)
    node.set(version,1.0)
tree.write(test.xml)
 
 
#删除node
for country in root.findall(country):
   rank = int(country.find(rank).text)
   if rank > 50:
     root.remove(country)
 
tree.write(output.xml)

#在country内添加(append)节点year2
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse("a.xml")
root=tree.getroot()
for country in root.findall(country):
    for year in country.findall(year):
        if int(year.text) > 2000:
            year2=ET.Element(year2)
            year2.text=新年
            year2.attrib={update:yes}
            country.append(year2) #往country节点下添加子节点

tree.write(a.xml.swap)
print(root.iter(year)) #全文搜索
print(root.find(country)) #在root的子节点找,只找一个
print(root.findall(country)) #在root的子节点找,找所有

创建xml文档:

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 
 
new_xml = ET.Element("namelist")
name = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"})
age = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"})
sex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex")
sex.text = 33
name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"})
age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age")
age.text = 19
 
et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象
et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True)
 
ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的格式

 


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