Python高级应用程序设计任务要求（主题链家二手车）

Posted 2020-11-23 cfz666

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内容简介
- 链家二手房成交信息（福州）
- 本文主要使用了multiprocessing模块创建多个进程对象，使用Queue将多个进程联系在一起，也就是线程之间的通信多个对链家的二手房进行数据的爬取，处理，存储等操作。
- 结构：主从模式：
  - 主控制节点
  - 从爬虫节点
分析与设计
- 系统主要核心有两大调度器
  - 1、控制调度器
    - 主要负责管理三个进程：一：负责将地址传递给爬虫节点，二：负责读取爬虫节点返回的数据，三：负责将数据提取进程中提交的数据进行数据持久化
  - 2、爬虫调度器
    - 爬虫节点主要是包括两个功能，下载html内容和解析html内容并跟控制节点进行交互
- 数据库的主要数据库表的实体属性
代码实现
- 代码的目录结构如下

控制节点

nodeManager.py

#coding:utf-8
from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager

import time
import sys
from multiprocessing import Process, Queue

from DataOutput import DataOutput
from UrlManager import UrlManager
‘‘‘
分布式爬虫
‘‘‘
class NodeManager(object):
    def __init__(self):
        sys.setrecursionlimit(100000000)  # 设置递归分界
        self.countPage = 0

    def start_Manager(self, url_q, result_q):
        ‘‘‘
        创建一个分布式管理器
        :param url_q: url队列
        :param result_q: 结果队列
        :return:
        ‘‘‘
        # 把创建的两个队列注册在网络上，利用register方法，callable参数关联了Queue对象，
        # 将Queue对象在网络中暴露
        BaseManager.register(‘get_task_queue‘, callable=lambda: url_q)
        BaseManager.register(‘get_result_queue‘, callable=lambda: result_q)
        # 绑定端口8001，设置验证口令‘baike’。这个相当于对象的初始化
        manager = BaseManager(address=(‘localhost‘, 8001), authkey=‘baike‘.encode(‘utf-8‘))
        # 返回manager对象
        self.countPage = int(input("请爬取您想要爬取的歌手的个数(记得要在爬虫节点没开启之前输入)："))
        return manager

    def url_manager_proc(self, url_q, conn_q, root_url):
        # url管理进程
        url_manager = UrlManager()
        for i in range(1,self.countPage+1):#写死表示要爬取几个列表
            url = ‘https://fz.lianjia.com/chengjiao/pg‘+str(i)+"/"
            url_manager.add_new_url(url)
        while True:
            while (url_manager.has_new_url()):
                # 从URL管理器获取新的url
                new_url = url_manager.get_new_url()
                # 将新的URL发给工作节点
                url_q.put(new_url)
                print(‘old_url=‘, url_manager.old_url_size())

    def result_solve_proc(self, result_q, conn_q, store_q):
        # 数据提取进程
        while (True):
            try:
                if not result_q.empty():
                    # Queue.get(block=True, timeout=None)
                    content = result_q.get(block=True, timeout=None)
                    if content[‘new_urls‘] == ‘end‘:
                        # 结果分析进程接受通知然后结束
                        print(‘结果分析进程接受通知然后结束!‘)
                        store_q.put(‘end‘)
                        return
                    store_q.put(content[‘data‘])  # 解析出来的数据为dict类型
                else:
                    time.sleep(0.1)  # 延时休息
            except BaseException as e:
                time.sleep(0.1)  # 延时休息

    def store_proc(self, store_q):
        # 数据存储进程
        output = DataOutput()
        while True:
            if not store_q.empty():
                data = store_q.get()
                if data == ‘end‘:
                    print(‘存储进程接受通知然后结束!‘)
                    output.add_mysql()
                    df = output.get_house()
                    print(">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>二手成交房基本信息表")
                    print(df[[‘id‘, ‘addr‘, ‘house_class‘, ‘size‘, ‘closing_time‘, ‘price‘]])
                    output.show(df)
                    return
                output.store_data(data)
            else:
                time.sleep(0.1)
        pass

if __name__==‘__main__‘:
    #初始化4个队列
    url_q = Queue()
    result_q = Queue()
    store_q = Queue()
    # 数据提取进程存储url的队列
    conn_q = Queue()
    # 数据提取进程存储data的队列
    # 创建分布式管理器
    node = NodeManager()
    manager = node.start_Manager(url_q,result_q)
    #创建URL管理进程、 数据提取进程和数据存储进程
    root_url = ‘https://fz.lianjia.com/chengjiao/‘
    url_manager_proc = Process(target=node.url_manager_proc, args=(url_q,conn_q,root_url,))
    result_solve_proc = Process(target=node.result_solve_proc, args=(result_q,conn_q,store_q,))
    store_proc = Process(target=node.store_proc, args=(store_q,))
    #启动3个进程和分布式管理器
    url_manager_proc.start()
    result_solve_proc.start()
    store_proc.start()
    manager.get_server().serve_forever()#永远服务

#coding:utf-8
import pickle
import hashlib
class UrlManager(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.new_urls = set()  # 未爬取的URL集合
        self.old_urls = set()  # 已爬取的URL集合
    def has_new_url(self):
        ‘‘‘
        判断是否有未爬取的URL集合
        :return:
        ‘‘‘
        return self.new_url_zize() != 0
    def has_old_url(self):
        ‘‘‘
        判断是否有以爬取的URL集合
        :return:
        ‘‘‘
        return self.old_url_size() != 0
    def get_new_url(self):
        ‘‘‘

        :return:
        ‘‘‘
        new_url = self.new_urls.pop()
        self.add_old_url(new_url)
        return new_url
    def add_new_url(self,url):
        ‘‘‘
        将新的URL添加到未爬取的URL集合中
        :param url:单个URL
        :return:
        ‘‘‘
        if url is None:
            return None
        m = hashlib.md5()
        m.update(url.encode("utf-8"))
        url_md5 = m.hexdigest()[8:-8]
        if url not in self.new_urls and url not in self.old_urls:
            self.new_urls.add(url)
    def add_new_urls(self,urls):
        if urls is None and len(urls) != 0:
            return None
        for url in urls:
            self.add_new_url(url)
    def add_old_url(self,url):
        if url is None:
            return None
        m = hashlib.md5()
        m.update(url.encode("utf-8"))
        # m.hexdigest() 32的长度去中间的16位
        self.old_urls.add(m.hexdigest()[8:-8])
        return True
    def new_url_zize(self):
        ‘‘‘
        获取未爬取URL集合的大小
        :return:
        ‘‘‘
        return len(self.new_urls)
    def old_url_size(self):
        ‘‘‘
        获取已爬取URL集合的大小
        :return:
        ‘‘‘
        return len(self.old_urls)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    urlManager = UrlManager()
    urlManager.get_new_url()

DataOutput.py

#coding:utf-8
import codecs
import time
import pymysql as ps
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

class DataOutput(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.datas = []
        self.host = "localhost"
        self.user = "root"
        self.password = ""
        self.database = "lianjia"
        self.charset = "utf-8"
        self.db = None
        self.curs = None

    def store_data(self, data):
        if data is None:
            return
        self.datas.append(data)
    def add_mysql(self):
        return self.output_mysql()
    def output_mysql(self):
        sql = "insert into chenjiao (addr, house_class, size, closing_time,price) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"
        num = 0
        self.open()
        for data in self.datas:
            try:
                params = (data[‘addr‘], data[‘house_class‘], data[‘size‘], data[‘closing_time‘],data[‘price‘])
                num = num + self.curs.execute(sql, params)
                self.db.commit()
            except:
                print(‘存取%s失败‘%data)
                self.db.rollback()
        self.close()
        return num
    def open(self):
        self.db = ps.connect(host=self.host, user=self.user, password=self.password, database=self.database)
        self.curs = self.db.cursor()
    def close(self):
        self.curs.close()
        self.db.close()

    def get_house(self):
        self.open()
        try:
            sql = sql = "select * from chenjiao order by id asc"
            datas = pd.read_sql(sql=sql, con=self.db)
            return  datas
            self.close()
        except:
            print("显示失败！")
            self.close()
    def show(self,data):
        print(data.describe())
        dataHouseClass = data[‘house_class‘]
        dataDict = {}
        for value in dataHouseClass.values:
            if value in dataDict.keys():
                dataDict[value] = dataDict[value]+1
            else:
                dataDict[value] = 1
        plt.figure()
        plt.rcParams[‘font.sans-serif‘] = [‘SimHei‘]
        zone1 = plt.subplot(1,2,1)
        plt.bar([‘平均值‘,‘最小值‘,‘最大值‘,‘25%‘,‘50%‘,‘75%‘],[data.describe().loc[‘mean‘,‘price‘],data.describe().loc[‘min‘,‘price‘],data.describe().loc[‘max‘,‘price‘],data.describe().loc[‘25%‘,‘price‘],data.describe().loc[‘50%‘,‘price‘],data.describe().loc[‘75%‘,‘price‘]])
        plt.ylabel(‘价格‘)
        plt.title(‘基本信息表‘)
        zone2 = plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
        plt.pie(dataDict.values(),labels=dataDict.keys(),autopct=‘%1.1f%%‘)
        plt.title(‘比例图‘)
        plt.show()

爬虫节点

SpiderWord.py

#coding:utf-8
from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager
import time
import sys

from HtmlDownloader import HtmlDownloader
from HtmlParser import HtmlParser


class SpiderWork(object):
    def __init__(self):
        sys.setrecursionlimit(1000000)  # 例如这里设置为一百万
        #初始化分布式进程中的工作节点的连接工作
        # 实现第一步：使用BaseManager注册获取Queue的方法名称
        BaseManager.register(‘get_task_queue‘)
        BaseManager.register(‘get_result_queue‘)
        # 实现第二步：连接到服务器:
        server_addr = ‘127.0.0.1‘
        print((‘Connect to server %s...‘ % server_addr))
        # 端口和验证口令注意保持与服务进程设置的完全一致:
        self.m = BaseManager(address=(server_addr, 8001), authkey=‘baike‘.encode(‘utf-8‘))
        # 从网络连接:
        self.m.connect()
        # 实现第三步：获取Queue的对象:
        self.task = self.m.get_task_queue()
        self.result = self.m.get_result_queue()

        #初始化网页下载器和解析器
        self.downloader = HtmlDownloader()
        self.parser = HtmlParser()
        print(‘init finish‘)

    def crawl(self):
        while(True):
            try:
                if not self.task.empty():
                    url = self.task.get()
                    print(‘爬虫节点正在解析:%s‘%url.encode(‘utf-8‘))
                    print(self.task.qsize())
                    content = self.downloader.download(url)
                    new_urls,datas = self.parser.parser(url,content)
                    for data in datas:
                        print(data)
                        self.result.put({"new_urls":new_urls,"data":data})
                    if self.task.qsize() <= 0:
                        print(‘爬虫节点通知控制节点停止工作...‘)
                        #接着通知其它节点停止工作
                        self.result.put({‘new_urls‘:‘end‘,‘data‘:‘end‘})
                        return
            except EOFError as e:
                print("连接工作节点失败")

                return
            except Exception as e:
                print(e)
                print(‘Crawl  faild ‘)




if __name__=="__main__":
    spider = SpiderWork()
    spider.crawl()

HtmlDownloader.py

#coding:utf-8
import requests
import chardet
from selenium import webdriver

class HtmlDownloader(object):
    def __init__(self):
        opt = webdriver.chrome.options.Options()
        opt.set_headless()
        self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=opt)

    def download(self,url):
        if url is None:
            return None
        self.browser.get(url)
        # self.browser.switch_to.frame(‘g_iframe‘)
        html = self.browser.page_source
        return html

注意：静态内容跟动态内容的爬取

技术图片

HtmlParser.py

#coding:utf-8
import re
import urllib.parse
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup


class HtmlParser(object):

    def parser(self,page_url,html_cont):
        ‘‘‘
        用于解析网页内容抽取URL和数据
        :param page_url: 下载页面的URL
        :param html_cont: 下载的网页内容
        :return:返回URL和数据
        ‘‘‘
        if page_url is None or html_cont is None:
            return
        soup = BeautifulSoup(html_cont,‘html.parser‘)
        new_urls = self._get_new_urls(page_url,soup)
        new_datas = self._get_new_data(page_url,soup)
        return new_urls,new_datas


    def _get_new_urls(self,page_url,soup):
        new_urls = set()
        return new_urls

    def _get_new_data(self,page_url,soup):
        ‘‘‘
        抽取有效数据
        :param page_url:下载页面的URL
        :param soup:
        :return:返回有效数据
        ‘‘‘
        dataList = []
        liList = soup.select(‘ul.listContent>li‘)
        for li in liList:
            title = li.select(‘div > div.title > a‘)
            result = re.split(r‘[s]+‘, title[0].string) #使用正则表达式分割
            addr = result[0]
            house_class = result[1]
            size = result[2]
            # 定位 eg:高楼层(共26层) 塔楼
            # position = str(li.select(‘div > div.flood > div.positionInfo‘)[0].string)
            closing_time = str(li.select(‘div > div.address > div.dealDate‘)[0].string) #加str() 防止报：RecursionError: maximum recursion depth exceeded while pickling an object
            price = int(re.compile(r‘[d]+‘).findall(li.select(‘div > div.address > div.totalPrice > span‘)[0].string)[0])
            data = {‘addr‘:addr,‘house_class‘:house_class,‘size‘:size,‘closing_time‘:closing_time,‘price‘:price}
            dataList.append(data)
        return dataList

操作与效果

注意导入运行过程中需要的一些模块包

from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager
import time
import sys
from multiprocessing import Process, Queue
import hashlib
import pymysql as ps
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import requests
import chardet
from selenium import webdriver
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re

　　2、运行NodeManager（控制节点）---》》输入爬取的范围---》》最后运行SpiderWord（爬虫节点）

　　3、效果图

提前输入爬取的成交安分页个数来算，会显示出爬取地址的个数

技术图片