自动化办公：python操作Excel

Posted 2020-11-21 【麦麦提敏】

1.安装

-- upgrade pip
python -m pip install

--- install pypi
pip install pypi

执行python setup.py install进行安装xlrd
Python操作Excel，主要用到xlrd和xlwt这两个库，即xlrd是读Excel，xlwt是写Excel的库

pip install xlrd
pip install xlwt
pip install xlutils
pip install xlsxwriter

 

2.操作一个简单的Excel文档

 操作注释及代码：

# 引入依赖模块
import xlsxwriter

# 数据准备
datas = (
    [‘Rent‘, 1000],
    [‘Gas‘,  100 ],
    [‘Food‘, 300 ],
    [‘Gym‘,  50  ],
)

# 创建一个Excel文档
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(‘ex01.xlsx‘)
# 添加一个工作表
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()

# 设置行和列的偏移
row, col = 0, 0

# 开始添加数据
for item, cost in datas:
    # 指定行、列的单元格，添加数据
    worksheet.write(row, col, item)
    worksheet.write(row, col+1, cost)
    # 行增加
    row += 1

# 添加一个计算总数的函数
worksheet.write(row, 0, ‘Total‘)
worksheet.write(row, 1, ‘=SUM(B1:B4)‘)

# 关闭文档
workbook.close()

操作完成后，数据存储结果如下：

 

 

3. 操作简单Excel文档并添加数据格式

操作代码如下：附带数据格式的定义

# 导入依赖的模块
import xlsxwriter

# 数据准备
datas = (
    [‘Rent‘, 1000],
    [‘Gas‘,  100 ],
    [‘Food‘, 300 ],
    [‘Gym‘,  50  ],
)

# 创建表格
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(‘ex02.xlsx‘)
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet(‘data‘)

# 添加全局格式
bold = workbook.add_format({‘bold‘: True})
# 添加money格式
money = workbook.add_format({‘num_format‘: ‘$#,##0‘})

# 添加表格头，附带格式
worksheet.write(‘A1‘, ‘Item‘, bold)
worksheet.write(‘B1‘, ‘Cost‘, bold)

# 数据表格偏移
row, col = 1, 0
# 添加数据
for item, cost in datas:
    # 按照行列单元格添加数据
    worksheet.write(row, col, item)
    worksheet.write(row, col+1, cost)
    row += 1

# 添加一列求和计数
worksheet.write(row, 0, ‘Total‘,        bold)
worksheet.write(row, 1, ‘=SUM(B2:B5)‘, money)

# 存储退出
workbook.close()

操作效果如图所示：

 

image.png

4.Excel中添加不同类型的数据

操作代码如下：将不同的数据按照指定的格式添加到文件中

# 引入依赖的模块
from datetime import datetime
import xlsxwriter

# 数据准备
datas = (
    [‘Rent‘, ‘2018-05-13‘, 1000],
    [‘Gas‘,  ‘2018-05-14‘,  100],
    [‘Food‘, ‘2018-05-16‘,  300],
    [‘Gym‘,  ‘2018-05-20‘,   50],
)

# 创建表格
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(‘ex03.xlsx‘)
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet(‘data‘)

# 添加格式
bold_f = workbook.add_format({‘bold‘: True})
money_f = workbook.add_format({‘num_format‘: ‘$#,##0‘})
# 添加日期格式new
date_f = workbook.add_format({‘num_format‘: ‘mmmm d yyyy‘})

# 添加对齐方式和表格宽度new
worksheet.set_column(1, 1, 15)

# 添加表头数据
worksheet.write(‘A1‘, ‘Item‘, bold_f)
worksheet.write(‘B1‘, ‘Date‘, bold_f)
worksheet.write(‘C1‘, ‘Cost‘, bold_f)

# 定义偏移值
row, col = 1, 0
# 添加数据
for item, date, cost in datas:
    date = datetime.strptime(date, ‘%Y-%m-%d‘)
    worksheet.write(row, col,                     item)
    worksheet.write_datetime(row, col+1, date,  date_f)
    worksheet.write(row, col+2, cost,          money_f)
    row += 1

# 添加计数
worksheet.write(row, 0, ‘Total‘,        bold_f)
worksheet.write(row, 2, ‘=SUM(C2:C5)‘, money_f)

# 存储并关闭
workbook.close()

代码执行结果如下：

 

 

注意：xlsxwriter中提供了向excel中写入数据的多种方式，如下：

• write_string()
• write_number()
• write_blank()
• write_formula()
• write_datetime()
• write_boolean()
• write_url()

5.Excel中添加数据图表

操作代码如下：将对应的数据展示图表添加到文件中

# 引入依赖模块
import xlsxwriter

# 操作数据
data = [20, 45, 26, 18, 45]

# 创建表格
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook("ex04.xlsx")
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet("data")

# 添加数据：一次添加多个数据
worksheet.write_column(‘A1‘, data)

# 创建图表
chart = workbook.add_chart({‘type‘: ‘line‘})
# 图表添加数据
chart.add_series({
    ‘values‘: ‘=data!$A1:$A6‘,
    ‘name‘: ‘图表线名称‘,
    ‘marker‘: {
        ‘type‘: ‘circle‘,
        ‘size‘: 8,
        ‘border‘: {‘color‘: ‘black‘},
        ‘fill‘: {‘color‘: ‘red‘}
    },
    ‘data_labels‘: {‘value‘: True},
    ‘trendline‘: {
        ‘type‘: ‘polynomial‘,
        ‘order‘: 2,
        ‘name‘: ‘示例趋势线‘,
        ‘forward‘: 0.5,
        ‘backward‘: 0.5,
        ‘display_equation‘: True,
        ‘line‘: {‘color‘: ‘red‘, ‘width‘: 1, ‘dash_type‘: ‘long_dash‘}
    }
})

worksheet.insert_chart(‘C1‘, chart)

workbook.close()

代码执行结果如下图所示：