python+requests+excel+unittest+ddt接口自动化数据驱动并生成html报告

Posted 上海-悠悠

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前言

1.环境准备:

  • python3.6
  • requests
  • xlrd
  • openpyxl
  • HTMLTestRunner_api

2.目前实现的功能:

  • 封装requests请求方法
  • 在excel填写接口请求参数
  • 运行完后,重新生成一个excel报告,结果写入excel
  • 用unittest+ddt数据驱动模式执行
  • HTMLTestRunner生成可视化的html报告
  • 对于没有关联的单个接口请求是可以批量执行的,需要登录的话写到setUpclass里的session里保持cookies
  • token关联的不能实现
  • logging日志文件暂时未加入

3.目前已知的缺陷:

  • 无法实现参数关联:上个请求的结果是下个请求的参数,如token
  • 接口请求参数名有重复的,目前未处理,如key1=value1&key1=value2,两个key都一样,这种需要用元组存储,目前暂时未判断
  • 生成的excel样式未处理,后期慢慢优化样式
  • python新手可能遇到模块导入报错问题
  • 局限性太多,所以已经弃用!!谨慎入坑,换pytest框架了

项目结构

excel测试数据

xlrd读excel数据

1.先从excel里面读取测试数据,返回字典格式

# coding:utf-8

# 作者:上海-悠悠
# QQ群:226296743

import xlrd
class ExcelUtil():
    def __init__(self, excelPath, sheetName="Sheet1"):
        self.data = xlrd.open_workbook(excelPath)
        self.table = self.data.sheet_by_name(sheetName)
        # 获取第一行作为key值
        self.keys = self.table.row_values(0)
        # 获取总行数
        self.rowNum = self.table.nrows
        # 获取总列数
        self.colNum = self.table.ncols

    def dict_data(self):
        if self.rowNum <= 1:
            print("总行数小于1")
        else:
            r = []
            j = 1
            for i in list(range(self.rowNum-1)):
                s = {}
                # 从第二行取对应values值
                s[\'rowNum\'] = i+2
                values = self.table.row_values(j)
                for x in list(range(self.colNum)):
                    s[self.keys[x]] = values[x]
                r.append(s)
                j += 1
            return r

if __name__ == "__main__":
    filepath = "debug_api.xlsx"
    sheetName = "Sheet1"
    data = ExcelUtil(filepath, sheetName)
    print(data.dict_data())

openpyxl写入数据

1.再封装一个写入excel数据的方法

# coding:utf-8
from openpyxl import load_workbook
import openpyxl

# 作者:上海-悠悠
# QQ群:226296743

def copy_excel(excelpath1, excelpath2):
    \'\'\'复制excek,把excelpath1数据复制到excelpath2\'\'\'
    wb2 = openpyxl.Workbook()
    wb2.save(excelpath2)
    # 读取数据
    wb1 = openpyxl.load_workbook(excelpath1)
    wb2 = openpyxl.load_workbook(excelpath2)
    sheets1 = wb1.sheetnames
    sheets2 = wb2.sheetnames
    sheet1 = wb1[sheets1[0]]
    sheet2 = wb2[sheets2[0]]
    max_row = sheet1.max_row         # 最大行数
    max_column = sheet1.max_column   # 最大列数

    for m in list(range(1,max_row+1)):
        for n in list(range(97,97+max_column)):   # chr(97)=\'a\'
            n = chr(n)                            # ASCII字符
            i =\'%s%d\'% (n, m)                     # 单元格编号
            cell1 = sheet1[i].value               # 获取data单元格数据
            sheet2[i].value = cell1               # 赋值到test单元格

    wb2.save(excelpath2)                 # 保存数据
    wb1.close()                          # 关闭excel
    wb2.close()

class Write_excel(object):
    \'\'\'修改excel数据\'\'\'
    def __init__(self, filename):
        self.filename = filename
        self.wb = load_workbook(self.filename)
        self.ws = self.wb.active  # 激活sheet

    def write(self, row_n, col_n, value):
        \'\'\'写入数据,如(2,3,"hello"),第二行第三列写入数据"hello"\'\'\'
        self.ws.cell(row_n, col_n).value = value
        self.wb.save(self.filename)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    copy_excel("debug_api.xlsx", "testreport.xlsx")
    wt = Write_excel("testreport.xlsx")
    wt.write(4, 5, "HELLEOP")
    wt.write(4, 6, "HELLEOP")

封装request请求方法

1.把从excel读处理的数据作为请求参数,封装requests请求方法,传入请求参数,并返回结果

2.为了不污染测试的数据,出报告的时候先将测试的excel复制都应该新的excel

3.把测试返回的结果,在新的excel里面写入数据

# coding:utf-8
import json
import requests
from excelddtdriver.common.readexcel import ExcelUtil
from excelddtdriver.common.writeexcel import copy_excel, Write_excel

# 作者:上海-悠悠
# QQ群:226296743


def send_requests(s, testdata):
    \'\'\'封装requests请求\'\'\'
    method = testdata["method"]
    url = testdata["url"]
    # url后面的params参数
    try:
        params = eval(testdata["params"])
    except:
        params = None
    # 请求头部headers
    try:
        headers = eval(testdata["headers"])
        print("请求头部:%s" % headers)
    except:
        headers = None
    # post请求body类型
    type = testdata["type"]

    test_nub = testdata[\'id\']
    print("*******正在执行用例:-----  %s  ----**********" % test_nub)
    print("请求方式:%s, 请求url:%s" % (method, url))
    print("请求params:%s" % params)

    # post请求body内容
    try:
        bodydata = eval(testdata["body"])
    except:
        bodydata = {}

    # 判断传data数据还是json
    if type == "data":
        body = bodydata
    elif type == "json":
        body = json.dumps(bodydata)
    else:
        body = bodydata
    if method == "post": print("post请求body类型为:%s ,body内容为:%s" % (type, body))

    verify = False
    res = {}   # 接受返回数据

    try:
        r = s.request(method=method,
                      url=url,
                      params=params,
                      headers=headers,
                      data=body,
                      verify=verify
                       )
        print("页面返回信息:%s" % r.content.decode("utf-8"))
        res[\'id\'] = testdata[\'id\']
        res[\'rowNum\'] = testdata[\'rowNum\']
        res["statuscode"] = str(r.status_code)  # 状态码转成str
        res["text"] = r.content.decode("utf-8")
        res["times"] = str(r.elapsed.total_seconds())   # 接口请求时间转str
        if res["statuscode"] != "200":
            res["error"] = res["text"]
        else:
            res["error"] = ""
        res["msg"] = ""
        if testdata["checkpoint"] in res["text"]:
            res["result"] = "pass"
            print("用例测试结果:   %s---->%s" % (test_nub, res["result"]))
        else:
            res["result"] = "fail"
        return res
    except Exception as msg:
        res["msg"] = str(msg)
        return res

def wirte_result(result, filename="result.xlsx"):
    # 返回结果的行数row_nub
    row_nub = result[\'rowNum\']
    # 写入statuscode
    wt = Write_excel(filename)
    wt.write(row_nub, 8, result[\'statuscode\'])       # 写入返回状态码statuscode,第8列
    wt.write(row_nub, 9, result[\'times\'])            # 耗时
    wt.write(row_nub, 10, result[\'error\'])            # 状态码非200时的返回信息
    wt.write(row_nub, 12, result[\'result\'])           # 测试结果 pass 还是fail
    wt.write(row_nub, 13, result[\'msg\'])           # 抛异常

if __name__ == "__main__":
    data = ExcelUtil("debug_api.xlsx").dict_data()
    print(data[0])
    s = requests.session()
    res = send_requests(s, data[0])
    copy_excel("debug_api.xlsx", "result.xlsx")
    wirte_result(res, filename="result.xlsx")

测试用例unittest+ddt

1.测试用例用unittest框架组建,并用ddt数据驱动模式,批量执行用例

# coding:utf-8
import unittest
import ddt
import os
import requests
from excelddtdriver.common import base_api
from excelddtdriver.common import readexcel
from excelddtdriver.common import writeexcel

# 作者:上海-悠悠
# QQ群:226296743

# 获取demo_api.xlsx路径
curpath = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
testxlsx = os.path.join(curpath, "demo_api.xlsx")

# 复制demo_api.xlsx文件到report下
report_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(curpath), "report")
reportxlsx = os.path.join(report_path, "result.xlsx")

testdata = readexcel.ExcelUtil(testxlsx).dict_data()
@ddt.ddt
class Test_api(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        cls.s = requests.session()
        # 如果有登录的话,就在这里先登录了
        writeexcel.copy_excel(testxlsx, reportxlsx) # 复制xlsx

    @ddt.data(*testdata)
    def test_api(self, data):
        # 先复制excel数据到report
        res = base_api.send_requests(self.s, data)

        base_api.wirte_result(res, filename=reportxlsx)
        # 检查点 checkpoint
        check = data["checkpoint"]
        print("检查点->:%s"%check)
        # 返回结果
        res_text = res["text"]
        print("返回实际结果->:%s"%res_text)
        # 断言
        self.assertTrue(check in res_text)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

生成报告

1.用HTMLTestRunner生成html报告,我这里改了下名称,改成了HTMLTestRunner_api.py

# coding=utf-8
import unittest
import time
from excelddtdriver.common import HTMLTestRunner_api
import os

# 作者:上海-悠悠
# QQ群:226296743

curpath = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
report_path = os.path.join(curpath, "report")
if not os.path.exists(report_path): os.mkdir(report_path)
case_path = os.path.join(curpath, "case")

def add_case(casepath=case_path, rule="test*.py"):
    \'\'\'加载所有的测试用例\'\'\'
    # 定义discover方法的参数
    discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(casepath,
                                                  pattern=rule,)

    return discover

def run_case(all_case, reportpath=report_path):
    \'\'\'执行所有的用例, 并把结果写入测试报告\'\'\'
    htmlreport = reportpath+r"\\result.html"
    print("测试报告生成地址:%s"% htmlreport)
    fp = open(htmlreport, "wb")
    runner = HTMLTestRunner_api.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,
                                               verbosity=2,
                                               title="测试报告",
                                               description="用例执行情况")

    # 调用add_case函数返回值
    runner.run(all_case)
    fp.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    cases = add_case()
    run_case(cases)

2.生成的excel报告

3.生成的html报告

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