python paramiko模块

Posted 2020-10-23 银鑫

paramiko模块

1. 介绍：

paramiko是一个用于做远程控制的模块，使用该模块可以对远程服务器进行命令或文件操作，值得一说的是，fabric和ansible内部的远程管理就是使用的paramiko来现实。

2. 下载安装

pip3 install paramiko #在python3中

pycrypto，由于 paramiko 模块内部依赖pycrypto，所以先下载安装pycrypto #在python2中
pip3 install pycrypto
pip3 install paramiko
注：如果在安装pycrypto2.0.1时发生如下错误
        command ‘gcc‘ failed with exit status 1...
可能是缺少python-dev安装包导致
如果gcc没有安装，请事先安装gcc

在python2中

3. 使用

SSHClient

用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令

基于用户名密码连接：

import paramiko

# 创建SSH对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 连接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname=‘120.92.84.249‘, port=22, username=‘root‘, password=‘xxx‘)

# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘)
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
print(result.decode(‘utf-8‘))
# 关闭连接
ssh.close()

import paramiko

transport = paramiko.Transport((‘120.92.84.249‘, 22))
transport.connect(username=‘root‘, password=‘xxx‘)

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘)
res=stdout.read()
print(res.decode(‘utf-8‘))

transport.close()

SSHClient 封装 Transport

基于公钥密钥连接：

客户端文件名：id_rsa

服务端必须有文件名：authorized_keys(在用ssh-keygen时，必须制作一个authorized_keys,可以用ssh-copy-id来制作)

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(‘/tmp/id_rsa‘)

# 创建SSH对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 连接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname=‘120.92.84.249‘, port=22, username=‘root‘, pkey=private_key)

# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘)
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
print(result.decode(‘utf-8‘))
# 关闭连接
ssh.close()

View Code

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(‘/tmp/id_rsa‘)

transport = paramiko.Transport((‘120.92.84.249‘, 22))
transport.connect(username=‘root‘, pkey=private_key)

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘)
result=stdout.read()
print(result.decode(‘utf-8‘))

transport.close()

SSHClient 封装 Transport 

import paramiko
from io import StringIO

key_str = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIIEoQIBAAKCAQEAsJmFLrSeCumJvga0Gl5O5wVOVwMIy2MpqIyQPi5J87dg89a4
Da9fczJog7qoSbRwHFOQoCHNphSlp5KPhGsF6RJewkIw9H1UKV4dCOyl/4HOAkAD
rKrsEDmrJ9JlzF2GTTZSnTgVQWcvBS2RKB4eM2R9aJ11xV6X2Hk4YDLTExIWeabb
h2TUKw0iyjI8pRuYLKkF2X16u9TBwfOTroGYgiNFHQvhsQppbEbI49NF2XkCkFMi
8/7tLjf95InE/VUUq56JqfzyHwdpHou+waXbwtvGgXN3sz+KkuEv6R2qDz06upZV
FCZRRpDhzoR8Uh/UEzTGZb8z7FB6EJXUiXJikQIBIwKCAQBBmBuGYFf1bK+BGG7H
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7w4X5HLarXiE1mj0LXFKJhdvFqU53KUQJXBqR6lsMqzsdPwLMJg==
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"""

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str))
transport = paramiko.Transport((‘120.92.84.249‘, 22))
transport.connect(username=‘root‘, pkey=private_key)

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘)
result = stdout.read()
print(result.decode(‘utf-8‘))
transport.close()

print(result)

基于私钥字符串进行连接

SFTPClient

用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载

基于用户名密码上传下载

import paramiko
 
transport = paramiko.Transport((‘120.92.84.249‘,22))
transport.connect(username=‘root‘,password=‘xxx‘)
 
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put(‘/tmp/id_rsa‘, ‘/etc/test.rsa‘)
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
sftp.get(‘remove_path‘, ‘local_path‘)
 
transport.close()

View Code

基于公钥密钥上传下载

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(‘/tmp/id_rsa‘)

transport = paramiko.Transport((‘120.92.84.249‘, 22))
transport.connect(username=‘root‘, pkey=private_key )

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put(‘/tmp/id_rsa‘, ‘/tmp/a.txt‘)
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
sftp.get(‘remove_path‘, ‘local_path‘)

transport.close()

View Code

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import paramiko
import uuid

class Haproxy(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.host = ‘172.16.103.191‘
        self.port = 22
        self.username = ‘root‘
        self.pwd = ‘123‘
        self.__k = None

    def create_file(self):
        file_name = str(uuid.uuid4())
        with open(file_name,‘w‘) as f:
            f.write(‘sb‘)
        return file_name

    def run(self):
        self.connect()
        self.upload()
        self.rename()
        self.close()

    def connect(self):
        transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))
        transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)
        self.__transport = transport

    def close(self):

        self.__transport.close()

    def upload(self):
        # 连接，上传
        file_name = self.create_file()

        sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)
        # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
        sftp.put(file_name, ‘/home/root/tttttttttttt.py‘)

    def rename(self):

        ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
        ssh._transport = self.__transport
        # 执行命令
        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘mv /home/root/tttttttttttt.py /home/root/ooooooooo.py‘)
        # 获取命令结果
        result = stdout.read()


ha = Haproxy()
ha.run()

Demo 

七 作业

题目:简单主机批量管理工具

需求:

1. 主机分组
2. 主机信息配置文件用configparser解析
3. 可批量执行命令、发送文件，结果实时返回，执行格式如下 
   1. batch_run  -h h1,h2,h3   -g web_clusters,db_servers    -cmd  "df -h"　
   2. batch_scp   -h h1,h2,h3   -g web_clusters,db_servers  -action put  -local test.py  -remote /tmp/　
4. 主机用户名密码、端口可以不同
5. 执行远程命令使用paramiko模块
6. 批量命令需使用multiprocessing并发