2017/9/11——何某某更博，花时间整理了所有的Python内置方法的用法，便于日后复习
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1、这里是所有的内置方法的使用方法
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author : 何子辰 # 所有的内置方法总结 print(‘1.abs‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # abs 绝对值 a = abs(-5) print(a) print(‘2.all‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # all # Return True if all elements of the # iterable are true(or if the iterable # is empty). # 非0即真 print(all([0,-5,3])) print(‘3.any‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # any # Return True if any element of the iterable # is true. if the iterable is empty.Return # False print(any([1,-2,9])) print(any([])) print(‘4.ascii‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # ascii # return a string containing a printable of # an object print(ascii([1,2,"你好"])) print(type(ascii([1,2,"你好"]))) # <class ‘str‘> a = ascii([1,2]) print([a]) # [‘[1, 2]‘] print(‘5.bin‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # bin # 十进制转换二进制 print(bin(255)) print(‘5.bool‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # bool # Ture or false print(bool(0)) print(bool(1)) print(bool([])) print(‘6.bytearray‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # bytearray # Return a byte array # bytearray 可修改二进制字节格式 a = bytes("abcde",encoding="utf-8") print(a) # b‘abcde‘ print(a.capitalize(),a) # b‘Abcde‘ b‘abcde‘ 字符串不能修改，二进制字节更不能修改 b = bytearray("abcde",encoding="utf-8") print(b[0]) # 97 a的ascii码 print(b[1]) b[1] = 100 print(b) # bytearray(b‘adcde‘) b变成了d print(‘7.callable‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # Judge an object if it can be callable print(callable([])) # 列表不能调用 *列表不能加括号 def sayhi(): pass print(callable(sayhi)) # 函数可以调用 print(‘8.chr & ord‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # 返回ascii码的对应表 print(chr(89)) #Y print(chr(99)) #c # 返回字符的ascii码 print(ord(‘b‘)) #98 print(‘9.classmethod‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # 类方法 print(‘10.compile‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # 底层代码编译过程 # 将字符串编译成可执行代码 # code = "for i in range(10): print(i）" # compile(code,‘‘,‘exec‘) # >>> code = "for i in range(10):print(i)" # >>> code # ‘for i in range(10):print(i)‘ # >>> # >>> compile(code,‘‘,‘exec‘) # <code object <module> at 0x00000000032E9F60, file "", line 1> # >>> c = compile(code,‘‘,‘exec‘) # 执行器 exec # >>> exec(c) # 0 # 1 # 2 # 3 # 4 # 5 # 6 # 7 # 8 # 9 # >>> # >>> code = "1+3/6" # >>> c = compile(code,‘‘,‘eval‘) # 执行器eval # >>> eval(c) # 1.5 # 等价于import一个模块 实现了动态导入 code = ‘‘‘ def Fibonaci(max): n,a,b = 0,0,1 while (n < max): print(b) a,b = b,a + b # 不相当于 a = b; b = a+b # 相当于 t = (b,a+b) # a = t[0] # b = t[1] n = n+1 return ‘done‘ Fibonaci(20) ‘‘‘ py_obj = compile(code,"err.log","exec") # 编译 exec(py_obj) # exec(code) # 妈蛋的直接用exec就可以执行.... print(‘11.dir‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # dir # 查看一个object有哪些方法 b = {} print(dir(b)) print(‘12.divmod‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # 相除并返回余数 # >>> divmod(5,2) # (2, 1) # >>> divmod(123,3) # (41, 0) # >>> print(‘13.eval‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # 简单数据运算 x = 1 print(eval(‘x+1‘)) print(‘14.exec‘.center(50,‘*‘)) code = ‘‘‘ def Fibonaci(max): n,a,b = 0,0,1 while (n < max): print(b) a,b = b,a + b # 不相当于 a = b; b = a+b # 相当于 t = (b,a+b) # a = t[0] # b = t[1] n = n+1 return ‘done‘ ‘‘‘ exec(code) # 首先关于匿名函数 def sayhi(n): print(n) sayhi(3) # 转成匿名函数 # 匿名函数 处理简单语句 # 传参数 (lambda n:print(n))(5) calc = lambda n:print(n) calc(5) # 三元运算 calc = lambda n:3 if n<4 else n print(calc(2)) print(‘14.filter‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # filter # Function: 一组数据中过滤出用户想要的 res = filter(lambda n:n>5,range(10)) # 此时变成迭代器，需要循环打印 for i in res: print(i) print(‘15.map‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # map # map对传入的每一个值，按照func的形式处理 res1 = map(lambda n:n*n,range(10)) # [i*2 for i in range(10)] for i in res1: print(i) res2 = [ lambda i2:i2*2 for i2 in range(10) ] for i in res2: print(i) import functools # 2.7还是内置方法 print(‘16.reduce‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # reduce res = functools.reduce(lambda x,y:x+y,range(10)) # 累加器，从1加到10 print(res) res2 = functools.reduce(lambda x,y:x*y,range(1,10)) print(res2) #362880 累乘 print(‘17.frozenset‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # frozenset # 集合冻结 # 集合不可变 a = frozenset([1,4,333,22,112,345,551,2,34]) print(‘18.globles‘.center(50,‘*‘)) print(globals()) # 打印的是当前所有程序的keyvalue格式 print(‘19.hash‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # hash # 散列转为有序 1 2 3 4 5 # 固定的映射关系 print(hash("哈哈哈")) #548739204797215059 固定对应关系 print(‘20.hex‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # 转16进制 print(hex(255)) #0xff print(‘21.local‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # local # 局部变量 # def test(): local_var=333 print(locals()) print(globals()) print(globals().get(‘local_var‘)) test() print(globals()) print(globals().get(‘local_var‘)) print(‘22.oct‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # 转8进制 print(oct(1),oct(19),oct(8)) #0o1 0o23 0o10 print(‘23.pow‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # pow(x,y) x**y x的y # print(pow(3,5)) #243 print(‘24.round‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # round(float,N） 浮点数保留N位小数点 print(round(1.3342,3)) # 1.334 print(‘25.slice‘.center(50,‘*‘)) d = range(20) slice(1,6,None) k = d[slice(1,6,None)] for i in k: print(i) # Output 1 # 2 # 3 # 4 # 5 print(‘26.sorted‘.center(50,‘*‘)) a = {1:‘alex‘,2:‘June‘,3:‘Allen‘,7:‘Cook‘,10:‘alex‘, 17:‘Yunny‘} print(a) # {1: ‘alex‘, 2: ‘June‘, 3: ‘Allen‘, 17: ‘Yunny‘, 7: ‘Cook‘, 10: ‘alex‘} # 字典的无序性 # 给字典排序 print(sorted(a)) # out:[1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 17]发现排的是key值 # 列表是有序的 # 用items 将其key值对应的值取出 print(sorted(a.items())) # [(1, ‘alex‘), (2, ‘June‘), (3, ‘Allen‘), # (7, ‘Cook‘), (10, ‘alex‘), (17, ‘Yunny‘)] # 按value来排序 b = {1:12,2:50,3:47,7:58,10:96,17:99} print(sorted(b.items(),key = lambda x:x[1])) # output[(1, 12), (3, 47), (2, 50), (7, 58), # (10, 96), (17, 99)] print(‘27.vars‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # 返回对象所有的属性名 print(‘28.zip‘.center(50,‘*‘)) a = [1,2,3,4] b = [‘a‘,‘b‘,‘c‘,‘d‘] # 列表a 和 b组合 zip(a,b) print(zip(a,b)) # <zip object at 0x0000000002E9B8C8> 迭代器！ for i in zip(a,b): print(i) # (1, ‘a‘) # (2, ‘b‘) # (3, ‘c‘) # (4, ‘d‘) # a多 b少 a = [1,2,3,4,5,6] b = [‘a‘,‘b‘,‘c‘,‘d‘] # 列表a 和 b组合 zip(a,b) print(zip(a,b)) # <zip object at 0x0000000002E9B8C8> 迭代器！ for i in zip(a,b): print(i) # (1, ‘a‘) # (2, ‘b‘) # (3, ‘c‘) # (4, ‘d‘) print(‘29.import‘.center(50,‘*‘)) # 只知道字符串的导入 __import__(‘time‘)
2.上述程序的执行结果
F:\Python3.4\python.exe F:/PyCharm5/Code/day21/内置函数.py **********************1.abs*********************** 5 **********************2.all*********************** False **********************3.any*********************** True False *********************4.ascii********************** [1, 2, ‘\u4f60\u597d‘] <class ‘str‘> [‘[1, 2]‘] **********************5.bin*********************** 0b11111111 **********************5.bool********************** False True False *******************6.bytearray******************** b‘abcde‘ b‘Abcde‘ b‘abcde‘ 97 98 bytearray(b‘adcde‘) ********************7.callable******************** False True *******************8.chr & ord******************** Y c 98 ******************9.classmethod******************* ********************10.compile******************** 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597 2584 4181 6765 **********************11.dir********************** [‘__class__‘, ‘__contains__‘, ‘__delattr__‘, ‘__delitem__‘, ‘__dir__‘, ‘__doc__‘, ‘__eq__‘, ‘__format__‘, ‘__ge__‘, ‘__getattribute__‘, ‘__getitem__‘, ‘__gt__‘, ‘__hash__‘, ‘__init__‘, ‘__iter__‘, ‘__le__‘, ‘__len__‘, ‘__lt__‘, ‘__ne__‘, ‘__new__‘, ‘__reduce__‘, ‘__reduce_ex__‘, ‘__repr__‘, ‘__setattr__‘, ‘__setitem__‘, ‘__sizeof__‘, ‘__str__‘, ‘__subclasshook__‘, ‘clear‘, ‘copy‘, ‘fromkeys‘, ‘get‘, ‘items‘, ‘keys‘, ‘pop‘, ‘popitem‘, ‘setdefault‘, ‘update‘, ‘values‘] ********************12.divmod********************* *********************13.eval********************** 2 *********************14.exec********************** 3 5 5 3 ********************14.filter********************* 6 7 8 9 **********************15.map********************** 0 1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 <function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x00000000035ECF28> <function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E048> <function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E0D0> <function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E158> <function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E1E0> <function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E268> <function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E2F0> <function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E378> <function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E400> <function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E488> ********************16.reduce********************* 45 362880 *******************17.frozenset******************* ********************18.globles******************** {‘res‘: 45, ‘__cached__‘: None, ‘__package__‘: None, ‘__builtins__‘: <module ‘builtins‘ (built-in)>, ‘a‘: frozenset({1, 2, 34, 4, 551, 333, 112, 22, 345}), ‘code‘: "\ndef Fibonaci(max):\n n,a,b = 0,0,1\n while (n < max):\n print(b)\n a,b = b,a + b\n # 不相当于 a = b; b = a+b\n # 相当于 t = (b,a+b)\n # a = t[0]\n # b = t[1]\n n = n+1\n return ‘done‘\n", ‘__doc__‘: None, ‘__spec__‘: None, ‘res1‘: <map object at 0x00000000035FC2E8>, ‘x‘: 1, ‘__file__‘: ‘F:/PyCharm5/Code/day21/内置函数.py‘, ‘i‘: <function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E488>, ‘__name__‘: ‘__main__‘, ‘sayhi‘: <function sayhi at 0x00000000035ECC80>, ‘functools‘: <module ‘functools‘ from ‘F:\\Python3.4\\lib\\functools.py‘>, ‘calc‘: <function <lambda> at 0x00000000035ECD90>, ‘__loader__‘: <_frozen_importlib.SourceFileLoader object at 0x0000000003595048>, ‘res2‘: 362880, ‘b‘: {}, ‘py_obj‘: <code object <module> at 0x00000000035F1660, file "err.log", line 2>, ‘Fibonaci‘: <function Fibonaci at 0x00000000035ECD08>} *********************19.hash********************** -8893542816850288741 **********************20.hex********************** 0xff *********************21.local********************* {‘local_var‘: 333} {‘__loader__‘: <_frozen_importlib.SourceFileLoader object at 0x0000000003595048>, ‘__cached__‘: None, ‘a‘: frozenset({1, 2, 34, 4, 551, 333, 112, 22, 345}), ‘res1‘: <map object at 0x00000000035FC2E8>, ‘__spec__‘: None, ‘__file__‘: ‘F:/PyCharm5/Code/day21/内置函数.py‘, ‘__package__‘: None, ‘__doc__‘: None, ‘res2‘: 362880, ‘py_obj‘: <code object <module> at 0x00000000035F1660, file "err.log", line 2>, ‘test‘: <function test at 0x00000000035ECF28>, ‘Fibonaci‘: <function Fibonaci at 0x00000000035ECD08>, ‘res‘: 45, ‘__builtins__‘: <module ‘builtins‘ (built-in)>, ‘i‘: <function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E488>, ‘code‘: "\ndef Fibonaci(max):\n n,a,b = 0,0,1\n while (n < max):\n print(b)\n a,b = b,a + b\n # 不相当于 a = b; b = a+b\n # 相当于 t = (b,a+b)\n # a = t[0]\n # b = t[1]\n n = n+1\n return ‘done‘\n", ‘x‘: 1, ‘__name__‘: ‘__main__‘, ‘sayhi‘: <function sayhi at 0x00000000035ECC80>, ‘functools‘: <module ‘functools‘ from ‘F:\\Python3.4\\lib\\functools.py‘>, ‘calc‘: <function <lambda> at 0x00000000035ECD90>, ‘b‘: {}} None {‘__loader__‘: <_frozen_importlib.SourceFileLoader object at 0x0000000003595048>, ‘__cached__‘: None, ‘a‘: frozenset({1, 2, 34, 4, 551, 333, 112, 22, 345}), ‘res1‘: <map object at 0x00000000035FC2E8>, ‘__spec__‘: None, ‘__file__‘: ‘F:/PyCharm5/Code/day21/内置函数.py‘, ‘__package__‘: None, ‘__doc__‘: None, ‘res2‘: 362880, ‘py_obj‘: <code object <module> at 0x00000000035F1660, file "err.log", line 2>, ‘test‘: <function test at 0x00000000035ECF28>, ‘Fibonaci‘: <function Fibonaci at 0x00000000035ECD08>, ‘res‘: 45, ‘__builtins__‘: <module ‘builtins‘ (built-in)>, ‘i‘: <function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E488>, ‘code‘: "\ndef Fibonaci(max):\n n,a,b = 0,0,1\n while (n < max):\n print(b)\n a,b = b,a + b\n # 不相当于 a = b; b = a+b\n # 相当于 t = (b,a+b)\n # a = t[0]\n # b = t[1]\n n = n+1\n return ‘done‘\n", ‘x‘: 1, ‘__name__‘: ‘__main__‘, ‘sayhi‘: <function sayhi at 0x00000000035ECC80>, ‘functools‘: <module ‘functools‘ from ‘F:\\Python3.4\\lib\\functools.py‘>, ‘calc‘: <function <lambda> at 0x00000000035ECD90>, ‘b‘: {}} None **********************22.oct********************** 0o1 0o23 0o10 **********************23.pow********************** 243 *********************24.round********************* 1.334 *********************25.slice********************* 1 2 3 4 5 ********************26.sorted********************* {1: ‘alex‘, 2: ‘June‘, 3: ‘Allen‘, 17: ‘Yunny‘, 7: ‘Cook‘, 10: ‘alex‘} [1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 17] [(1, ‘alex‘), (2, ‘June‘), (3, ‘Allen‘), (7, ‘Cook‘), (10, ‘alex‘), (17, ‘Yunny‘)] [(1, 12), (3, 47), (2, 50), (7, 58), (10, 96), (17, 99)] *********************27.vars********************** **********************28.zip********************** <zip object at 0x000000000360B9C8> (1, ‘a‘) (2, ‘b‘) (3, ‘c‘) (4, ‘d‘) <zip object at 0x000000000360B9C8> (1, ‘a‘) (2, ‘b‘) (3, ‘c‘) (4, ‘d‘) ********************29.import********************* Process finished with exit code 0
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