leetcode535 - Encode and Decode TinyURL - medium
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TinyURL is a URL shortening service where you enter a URL such as https://leetcode.com/problems/design-tinyurl and it returns a short URL such as http://tinyurl.com/4e9iAk.
Design the encode and decode methods for the TinyURL service. There is no restriction on how your encode/decode algorithm should work. You just need to ensure that a URL can be encoded to a tiny URL and the tiny URL can be decoded to the original URL.
Map.
核心共同思想是,产生一个随机数作为当前原url的signature,把signature-original pair放入map后,以后你看到短url提取到signature,就可以再利用map提取到original url了。
产生随机数的方法:
1.count递增。 安全性有问题,而且不一定能缩短,int有限。
2.count递增,并且用26+26+10个字符dict组合上取余除法大发转化成String。和上面雷同,小好处是String可以把int缩短一点。
3.java自带的hashCode。str.hashCode()。缺点是可能会collision,然后你又很难临时创造新的不collision的hashCode。
4.random number + dict。好处是可以产生固定长度的。写一个取固定长度随机字符串作为signature的函数。比如长度为6,你就随机6次从dict里取到新char粘成一个signature,如果这个signature被用过了,就重新取一次signature直到成功。较为稳定不会忽长忽短,空间也足够62^6如果不够还可以比较方便地拓展。
细节:
1.为了增强shortURL的可读性,给随机数前面要加一些域名。decode的时候用到replace方法。
实现4:
public class Codec { private String dict = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"; private int keyLength = 6; private Random rd = new Random(); private Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(); // Encodes a URL to a shortened URL. public String encode(String longUrl) { String signature = getRand(); while (map.containsKey(signature)) { signature = getRand(); } map.put(signature, longUrl); return "http://tinyurl.com/" + signature; } // Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL. public String decode(String shortUrl) { return map.get(shortUrl.replace("http://tinyurl.com/", "")); } private String getRand() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < keyLength; i++) { sb.append(dict.charAt(rd.nextInt(dict.length()))); } return sb.toString(); } } // Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such: // Codec codec = new Codec(); // codec.decode(codec.encode(url));
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