升级Centos7的Linux内核

Posted 2020-11-27 alusss

启用elrepo仓库
[root@localhost ~]# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -q -y https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm

列出可用的系统内核相关包
[root@localhost ~]# yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * elrepo-kernel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
elrepo-kernel                                                                                                        | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
elrepo-kernel/primary_db                                                                                             | 1.9 MB  00:00:00     
Available Packages
kernel-lt.x86_64                                                      4.4.218-1.el7.elrepo                                     elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-devel.x86_64                                                4.4.218-1.el7.elrepo                                     elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-doc.noarch                                                  4.4.218-1.el7.elrepo                                     elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-headers.x86_64                                              4.4.218-1.el7.elrepo                                     elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools.x86_64                                                4.4.218-1.el7.elrepo                                     elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64                                           4.4.218-1.el7.elrepo                                     elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64                                     4.4.218-1.el7.elrepo                                     elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml.x86_64                                                      5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo                                       elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-devel.x86_64                                                5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo                                       elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-doc.noarch                                                  5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo                                       elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-headers.x86_64                                              5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo                                       elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools.x86_64                                                5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo                                       elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64                                           5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo                                       elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64                                     5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo                                       elrepo-kernel
perf.x86_64                                                           5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo                                       elrepo-kernel
python-perf.x86_64                                                    5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo                                       elrepo-kernel

安装最新主线内核
[root@localhost ~]# yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * elrepo: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * elrepo-kernel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
elrepo                                                                                                               | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
elrepo/primary_db                                                                                                    | 394 kB  00:00:00     
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kernel-ml.x86_64 0:5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
============================================================================================================================================
 Package                       Arch                       Version                                   Repository                         Size
============================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 kernel-ml                     x86_64                     5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo                        elrepo-kernel                      49 M
Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package
Total download size: 49 M
Installed size: 222 M
Downloading packages:
kernel-ml-5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm                                                                              |  49 MB  00:00:06     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : kernel-ml-5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64                                                                                      1/1 
  Verifying  : kernel-ml-5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64                                                                                      1/1 
Installed:
  kernel-ml.x86_64 0:5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                     
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
启动时，选择新安装的内核进入系统
[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64

启动系统时，系统默认选择老版本作为默认内核启动，所以我们需要设置一下GRUB，重新创建启动引导内核的配置
[root@localhost ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grubenv 
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-8679e5dcfe0f4c3fabae0e455da948d1
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-8679e5dcfe0f4c3fabae0e455da948d1.img
done
[root@localhost ~]# reboot

=========================================
如果需要删除多余的老内核版本，操作接下来的操作步骤
Last login: Sat Apr  4 00:24:08 2020 from gateway
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/version 
Linux version 5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 (mockbuild@Build64R7) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC)) #1 SMP Thu Apr 2 10:55:54 EDT 2020 

查看安装的内核
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa kernel
kernel-3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64

卸载老版本内核
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove -y -q kernel-3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64         

重新生成开机应对
[root@localhost ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grubenv 
/usr/bin/grub2-editenv: error: invalid environment block.
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-8679e5dcfe0f4c3fabae0e455da948d1
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-8679e5dcfe0f4c3fabae0e455da948d1.img
done
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
重启的时候可以看到老版本内核已经看不见了
[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
5.6.2-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64