19.1 Linux监控平台介绍 19.2 zabbix监控介绍 19.3/19.4/19.6 安装zabbix 19.5 忘记Admin密码如何做
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篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了19.1 Linux监控平台介绍 19.2 zabbix监控介绍 19.3/19.4/19.6 安装zabbix 19.5 忘记Admin密码如何做相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。
19.1 Linux监控平台介绍
19.2 zabbix监控介绍
19.3/19.4/19.6 安装zabbix
19.5 忘记Admin密码如何做
19.1 Linux监控平台介绍
监控存在的原因
站点出了问题，没有人知道，等用户发现了，才提醒供应商；对公司影响很大
常见开源监控软件
cacti、nagios、zabbix、smokeping、open-falcon等等 //主流 nagios、zabbix
cacti、smokeping偏向于基础监控，成图非常漂亮 //比较适合监控网络设备
cacti、nagios、zabbix服务端监控中心，需要php环境支持，其中zabbix和cacti都需要mysql作为数据存储，nagios不用存储历史数据，注重服务或者监控项的状态，zabbix会获取服务或者监控项目的数据，会把数据记录到数据库里，从而可以成图；
因为zabbix配置简单，优势明显，早起使用nagios的企业，慢慢的转向使用zabbix
nagios，需要更改配置文件，并不支持web界面一键执行，nagios和zabbix相比，nagios 更注重的是某一个监控的状态，不关注历史；zabbix，则是把每一次监控的数值反馈出来，方便后期数据图去分析监控整个状态；nagios不支持mysql，需要安装插件以后才支持web界面；zabbix 支持mysql，可以成图，可以记录历史数据
zabbix 在web界面下管理得非常彻底，可以增加监控节点，报警预知等等
open-falcon为小米公司开发，开源后受到诸多大公司和运维工程师的追捧，适合大企业，滴滴、360、新浪微博、京东等大公司在使用这款监控软件，监控的思想和结构值得研究
后续以介绍zabbix为主
19.2 zabbix监控介绍
C/S架构，基于C++开发，监控中心支持web界面配置和管理
单server节点可以支持上万台客户端
最新版本3.4，官方文档https://www.zabbix.com/manuals
5个组件
zabbix-server 监控中心，接收客户端上报信息，负责配置、统计、操作数据
数据存储 存放数据，比如mysql
web界面 也叫web UI，在web界面下操作配置是zabbix简单易用的主要原因
zabbix-proxy 可选组件，它可以代替zabbix-server的功能，减轻server的压力
zabbix-agent 客户端软件，负责采集各个监控服务或项目的数据，并上报
最新版本3.4，官方文档https://www.zabbix.com/manuals 5个组件 zabbix-server 监控中心，接收客户端上报信息，负责配置、统计、操作数据 数据存储 存放数据，比如mysql
web界面 也叫web UI，在web界面下操作配置是zabbix简单易用的主要原因 zabbix-proxy 可选组件，它可以代替zabbix-server的功能，减轻server的压力 zabbix-agent 客户端软件（每一台客户端都需要安装），负责采集各个监控服务或项目的数据，并上报
监控流程图：
19.3 安装zabbix（上）
安装之前要准备俩台机器，一台服务端，一台客户端，这里我们用aming-01 服务端，aming-02 客户端
默认yum安装的zabbix版本是2.2的太旧，所以选择安装官方提供的repo源
wget http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.2/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm
俩台机器都安装一下
安装一下源 rpm -ivh zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm
[[email protected] ~]# wget repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.2/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm --2017-11-15 22:25:32-- 正在解析主机 repo.zabbix.com (repo.zabbix.com)... 162.243.159.138 正在连接 repo.zabbix.com (repo.zabbix.com)|162.243.159.138|:80... 已连接。已发出 HTTP 请求， 正在等待回应... 200 OK长度：13392 (13K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager] 正在保存至: “zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm”100%[==================================================>] 13,392 --.-K/s 用时 0s 2017-11-15 22:25:34 (100 MB/s) - 已保存 “zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm” [13392/13392]) [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch. rpm警告：zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch. rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, 密钥 ID a14fe591: NOKEY准备中... ################################# [100%] 正在升级/安装... 1:zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7 ################################# [100%] [[email protected] ~]#
客户端
[[email protected] ~]# wget repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.2/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm --2017-11-15 22:25:38-- 正在解析主机 repo.zabbix.com (repo.zabbix.com)... 162.243.159.138 正在连接 repo.zabbix.com (repo.zabbix.com)|162.243.159.138|:80... 已连接。已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK长度：13392 (13K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager] 正在保存至: “zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm”100%[=============================================================>] 13,392 4.18KB/s 用时 3.1s 2017-11-15 22:25:46 (4.18 KB/s) - 已保存 “zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm” [13392/13392]) [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch. rpm警告：zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch. rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, 密钥 ID a14fe591: NOKEY准备中... ################################# [100%] 正在升级/安装... 1:zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7 ################################# [100%] [[email protected] ~]#
然后可以看到/etc/yum.repos.d 目录下多了一个 zabbix.repo,这个其实就是刚刚我们安装的rpm包所安装的一个文件，有了这个源之后，就可以直接yum 安装zabbix了。
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Media.repo epel-testing.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Sources.repo zabbix.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Vault.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo epel.repo.1 [[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo [zabbix] name=Zabbix Official Repository - $basearch baseurl=http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.2/rhel/7/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX-A14FE591 [zabbix-non-supported] name=Zabbix Official Repository non-supported - $basearch baseurl=http://repo.zabbix.com/non-supported/rhel/7/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX gpgcheck=1 [[email protected] ~]#
yum安装zabbix 的包，都有哪些包呢
yum install -y zabbix-agent zabbix-get zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web zabbix-web-mysql
zabbix-agent这个是客户端软件，zabbix-get是服务端用的一个工具，这个工具可以用命令行的形式获得客户端的某些监控项目的数据，zabbix-server-mysql 需要安装一些和mysql 相关的文件，zabbix-web，这个是web界面，zabbix-server-mysql ，web和mysql打交道，安装一些web和mysql打交道的一些东西
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y zabbix-agent zabbix-get zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web zabbix-web-mysql 已安装: zabbix-agent.x86_64 0:3.2.10-2.el7 zabbix-get.x86_64 0:3.2.10-2.el7 zabbix-server-mysql.x86_64 0:3.2.10-2.el7 zabbix-web.noarch 0:3.2.10-2.el7 zabbix-web-mysql.noarch 0:3.2.10-2.el7 作为依赖被安装: OpenIPMI-libs.x86_64 0:2.0.19-15.el7 OpenIPMI-modalias.x86_64 0:2.0.19-15.el7 apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 dejavu-fonts-common.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7 dejavu-sans-fonts.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7 fping.x86_64 0:3.10-4.el7 httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos.6 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos.6 iksemel.x86_64 0:1.4-6.el7 libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7 libtool-ltdl.x86_64 0:2.4.2-22.el7_3 libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7 libzip.x86_64 0:0.10.1-8.el7 mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 php.x86_64 0:5.4.16-42.el7 php-bcmath.x86_64 0:5.4.16-42.el7 php-cli.x86_64 0:5.4.16-42.el7 php-common.x86_64 0:5.4.16-42.el7 php-gd.x86_64 0:5.4.16-42.el7 php-ldap.x86_64 0:5.4.16-42.el7 php-mbstring.x86_64 0:5.4.16-42.el7 php-mysql.x86_64 0:5.4.16-42.el7 php-pdo.x86_64 0:5.4.16-42.el7 php-xml.x86_64 0:5.4.16-42.el7 t1lib.x86_64 0:5.1.2-14.el7 unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.3.1-11.el7 完毕！[[email protected] ~]#
如果mysql之前没有安装的话，需要根据lamp那一章的mysql安装方法安装mysql，也可以直接yum安装mysql
因为我们之前已经安装过mysql，这里就省略了
先看下mysql有没有启动起来，没有就要启动
[[email protected] ~]# ps aux |grep mysql root 1181 0.0 0.1 115392 1684 ? S 21:49 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/aming-01.pid mysql 1700 0.1 45.5 1300844 455476 ? Sl 21:50 0:05 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqd --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/aming-01.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/aming-01.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock root 2922 0.0 0.0 112680 980 pts/0 R+ 23:20 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql [[email protected] ~]#
接下来还需要编辑下mysql的配置文件，设定一个默认的字符集
vim /etc/my.cnf //需要增加配置 character_set_server = utf8
如果不设置中文的话，到时候web界面中文显示就会有问题
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf[mysqld] character_set_server = utf8 datadir=/data/mysqlsocket=/tmp/mysql.sock server-id=131log_bin=aminglinux1 # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security riskssymbolic-links=0 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the # instructions in #log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log #pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid ## include all files from the config directory ##!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d:wq [[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf [[email protected] ~]#
然后重启下mysql
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart mysql [[email protected] ~]#
然后进入mysql命令行，创建zabbix库 create database zabbix character set utf8;
再创建用户 grant all on zabbix.* to ‘zabbix‘@‘127.0.0.1‘ identified by ‘aming-zabbix‘;
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -paminglinux Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1Server version: 5.6.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> mysql> create database zabbix character set utf8; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> grant all on zabbix.* to ‘zabbix‘@‘127.0.0.1‘ identified by ‘aming-zabbix‘; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye [[email protected] ~]#
导入数据
cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.7
给他解压一下 gzip -d create.sql.gz
导入文件mysql -uroot -pxxx zabbix < create.sql
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.10/ [[email protected] zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.10]# [[email protected] zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.10]# lsAUTHORS ChangeLog COPYING create.sql.gz NEWS README [[email protected] zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.10]# gzip -d create.sql.gz [[email protected] zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.10]# lsAUTHORS ChangeLog COPYING create.sql NEWS README [[email protected] zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.10]# mysql -uroot -paminglinux zabbix < create.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [[email protected] zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.10]#
启动zabbix 服务
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start zabbix-server[[email protected] ~]#
还要启动httpd服务，但是在启动之前要检查下，系统里面有没有启动nginx服务，如果启动了nginx说明监听80端口 ，如果nginx服务启动了就要把它给关闭
[[email protected] ~]# ps aux |grep nginx root 1095 0.0 0.1 45992 1180 ? Ss 21:49 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nobody 1097 0.0 0.3 48480 3796 ? S 21:49 0:00 nginx: worker process nobody 1098 0.0 0.3 48480 3808 ? S 21:49 0:00 nginx: worker process root 3200 0.0 0.0 112680 980 pts/0 R+ 23:34 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx stop Stopping nginx (via systemctl): [ 确定 ] [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# !psps aux |grep nginx root 3222 0.0 0.0 112680 980 pts/0 R+ 23:35 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx [[email protected] ~]# netstat -lntpActive Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:20048 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1136/rpc.mountd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50995 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 991/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:46261 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1065/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1792/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2049 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 3132/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::40463 :::* LISTEN 991/rpc.statd tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp6 0 0 :::20048 :::* LISTEN 1136/rpc.mountd tcp6 0 0 :::39446 :::* LISTEN - tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1065/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1792/master tcp6 0 0 :::2049 :::* LISTEN - [[email protected] ~]#
看下有没有监听80端口，没有监听80端口就可以顺利的把httpd 服务启动起来，再来看有没有监听80端口
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start httpd [[email protected] ~]# !netnetstat -lntp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:20048 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1136/rpc.mountd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50995 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 991/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:46261 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1065/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1792/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2049 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 3132/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::40463 :::* LISTEN 991/rpc.statd tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 3230/httpd tcp6 0 0 :::20048 :::* LISTEN 1136/rpc.mountd tcp6 0 0 :::39446 :::* LISTEN - tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1065/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1792/master tcp6 0 0 :::2049 :::* LISTEN - [[email protected] ~]#
那么如果以后想要httpd开机启动，还有zabbix-server 还需要把它加入到服务的启动列表里面去
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable httpd Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user. target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service. [[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable zabbix-server Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user. target.wants/zabbix-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/zabbix-server.service. [[email protected] ~]#
还不要忘记把nginx给它停掉
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl disable nginx nginx.service is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig. Executing /sbin/chkconfig nginx off [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig nginx off [[email protected] ~]#
那服务端，咱们启动了起来了 看一看进程
[[email protected] ~]# ps aux |grep zabbix zabbix 3197 0.0 0.3 256076 3448 ? S 23:33 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf root 3365 0.0 0.0 112680 980 pts/0 R+ 23:40 0:00 grep --color=auto zabbix [[email protected] ~]#
还要看看zabbix有没有监听端口
[[email protected] ~]# !netnetstat -lntp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:20048 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1136/rpc.mountd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50995 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 991/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:46261 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1065/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1792/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2049 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 3132/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::40463 :::* LISTEN 991/rpc.statd tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 3230/httpd tcp6 0 0 :::20048 :::* LISTEN 1136/rpc.mountd tcp6 0 0 :::39446 :::* LISTEN - tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1065/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1792/master tcp6 0 0 :::2049 :::* LISTEN - [[email protected] ~]#
进程还在，但是没有看到zabbix的监听的端口，说明有问题，下节来看下问题出在哪里
[[email protected] ~]# !psps aux |grep zabbix zabbix 3197 0.0 0.3 256076 3448 ? S 23:33 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf root 3369 0.0 0.0 112680 980 pts/0 R+ 23:42 0:00 grep --color=auto zabbix [[email protected] ~]#
19.4 安装zabbix（中）
接着上面的问题，没有查到zabbix 监听的端口，可以查看下它的日志，
[[email protected] ~]# less /var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log to database ‘zabbix‘ failed: [2002] Can‘t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock‘ (2)econnecting in 10 seconds to database ‘zabbix‘ failed: [2002] Can‘t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock‘ (2)econnecting in 10 seconds to database ‘zabbix‘ failed: [2002] Can‘t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock‘ (2)econnecting in 10 seconds to database ‘zabbix‘ failed: [2002] Can‘t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock‘ (2)econnecting in 10 seconds to database ‘zabbix‘ failed: [2002] Can‘t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock‘ (2)econnecting in 10 seconds to database ‘zabbix‘ failed: [2002] Can‘t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock‘ (2)econnecting in 10 seconds to database ‘zabbix‘ failed: [2002] Can‘t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock‘ (2)~ ~ ~ ~ (END)
说明不能连接mysql ，所以还需要去改下配置文件
vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf //修改或增加
DBHost=127.0.0.1 //在DBName=zabbix上面增加 ,搜索DBHost
DBPassword=aming-zabbix //在DBuser下面增加
### Option: DBHost # Database host name. If set to localhost, socket is used for MySQL. # If set to empty string, socket is used for PostgreSQL. ## Mandatory: no# Default: # DBHost=localhostDBHost=127.0.0.1 ### Option: DBName-- 插入 --
这里的ip写多少127.0.0.1 ，也可以写localhost
因为mysql和zabbix装在同一台机器上，这里可以写localhost或者127.0.0.1；如果是在生产环境上，有时候为了提升zabbix的性能，可能会把MySQL装在其他机器上，这是的DBHost，就需要写上mysql的ip
DBUser=zabbix DBPassword=aming-zabbix ### Option: DBPassword # Database password. Ignored for SQLite. # Comment this line if no password is used.-- 插入 -- [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf [email protected] ~]#
这个地方的DBPassword=aming-zabbix 是指的咱们授权的时候用的密码
更改完这几项就可以启动服务了，之前启动过，这里重启一下就ok
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart zabbix-server [[email protected] ~]# !psps aux |grep zabbix zabbix 3407 3.1 0.4 256256 4136 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf zabbix 3410 0.0 0.2 256256 2468 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: configuration syncer [waiting 60 sec for processes] zabbix 3411 0.0 0.2 256256 2680 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: db watchdog [synced alerts config in 0.012940 sec, idle 60 sec] zabbix 3412 0.5 0.5 363204 5200 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #1 [got 0 values in 0.000004 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 3413 0.4 0.5 363204 5200 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #2 [got 0 values in 0.000005 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 3414 0.5 0.5 363204 5200 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #3 [got 0 values in 0.000006 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 3415 0.5 0.5 363204 5200 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #4 [got 0 values in 0.000007 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 3416 0.5 0.5 363204 5200 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #5 [got 0 values in 0.000005 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 3417 0.4 0.5 363204 5200 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: unreachable poller #1 [got 0 values in 0.000005 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 3418 0.0 0.3 256256 3584 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #1 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]zabbix 3419 0.0 0.3 256256 3584 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #2 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]zabbix 3420 0.0 0.3 256256 3584 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #3 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]zabbix 3422 0.0 0.3 256256 3584 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #4 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]zabbix 3424 0.0 0.3 256256 3584 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #5 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]zabbix 3426 0.0 0.2 258832 2620 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: icmp pinger #1 [got 0 values in 0.000006 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 3427 0.0 0.2 256256 2688 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: alerter [sent alerts: 0 success, 0 fail in 0.110521 sec, idle 30 sec] zabbix 3428 0.0 0.2 256256 2468 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: housekeeper [startup idle for 30 minutes] zabbix 3429 0.0 0.2 256256 2688 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: timer #1 [processed 0 triggers, 0 events in 0.000000 sec, 0 maintenances in 0.000000 sec, idle 15 sec]zabbix 3430 0.0 0.2 256256 2840 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: http poller #1 [got 0 values in 0.001036 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 3431 0.2 0.5 360620 5040 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: discoverer #1 [processed 0 rules in 0.066387 sec, idle 60 sec]zabbix 3432 0.0 0.2 256256 2828 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #1 [synced 0 items in 0.000001 sec, idle 1 sec]zabbix 3433 0.0 0.2 256256 2828 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #2 [synced 0 items in 0.000003 sec, idle 1 sec]zabbix 3434 0.0 0.2 256256 2828 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #3 [synced 0 items in 0.000002 sec, idle 1 sec]zabbix 3441 0.0 0.2 256256 2828 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #4 [synced 0 items in 0.000003 sec, idle 1 sec]zabbix 3442 0.0 0.3 256256 3764 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: escalator #1 [processed 0 escalations in 0.001375 sec, idle 3 sec]zabbix 3443 0.0 0.3 256256 3760 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: proxy poller #1 [exchanged data with 0 proxies in 0.000005 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 3444 0.0 0.2 256256 2588 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: self-monitoring [processed data in 0.000007 sec, idle 1 sec] zabbix 3445 0.0 0.2 256256 2812 ? S 23:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: task manager [processed 0 task(s) in 0.001277 sec, idle 5 sec] root 3458 0.0 0.0 112680 980 pts/0 R+ 23:54 0:00 grep --color=auto zabbix [[email protected] ~]#
再来看下监听的端口，zabbix 应该监听10051端口
[[email protected] ~]# !netnetstat -lntp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:20048 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1136/rpc.mountd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50995 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 991/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:46261 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1065/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1792/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2049 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10051 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3407/zabbix_server tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 3132/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::40463 :::* LISTEN 991/rpc.statd tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 3230/httpd tcp6 0 0 :::20048 :::* LISTEN 1136/rpc.mountd tcp6 0 0 :::39446 :::* LISTEN - tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1065/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1792/master tcp6 0 0 :::2049 :::* LISTEN - tcp6 0 0 :::10051 :::* LISTEN 3407/zabbix_server [[email protected] ~]#
接下来需要配置web界面了，打开浏览器
输入你的ip地址也就是你的监控中心的ip地址 192.168.202.130/zabbix
进入到这个安装界面点next step 就可以了
这里会出现一个提示，ok的就不用管，fail的，显然需要你设置它的时区，date.timezone
date.timezone写 亚洲上海，或者亚洲北京、重庆 date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/php.ini ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Module Settings ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; [CLI Server] ; Whether the CLI web server uses ANSI color coding in its terminal output. cli_server.color = On [Date] ; Defines the default timezone used by the date functions ; http://php.net/date.timezonedate.timezone = Asia/Shanghai ; http://php.net/date.default-latitude ;date.default_latitude = 31.7667; http://php.net/date.default-longitude ;date.default_longitude = 35.2333; http://php.net/date.sunrise-zenith -- INSERT -- [[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/php.ini [[email protected] ~]#
定义完之后，重新httpd服务，然后再去浏览器刷新
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart httpd [[email protected] ~]#
最终让你看看你填的信息
恭喜你已经成功安装了zabbix前端
然后点几finish 登录
默认的用户名 admin 密码 zabbix
登录进去之后首先要去更改密码，因为这个密码大家都知道，是默认的密码，如果以后线上的密码不更改，那就很危险，很有可能被别人那道权限，
进去点change password
这时候密码改了，还没有变成中文，需要刷新下
我们退出来重进下
这个就是咱么的zabbix web界面了，这个时候因为你还么有加入任何的监控主机，所以也没有什么数据。
19.5 忘记Admin密码如何做
进入mysql的
mysql -uroot -paminglinux;
进入zabbix库
use zabbix;
查看所有表
show tables
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -paminglinux Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 36 Server version: 5.6.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> mysql> show tables; +----------------------------+ | Tables_in_zabbix | +----------------------------+ | acknowledges | | actions | | alerts | | application_discovery | | application_prototype | | application_template | | applications | | auditlog | | auditlog_details | | autoreg_host | | conditions | | config | | corr_condition | | corr_condition_group | | corr_condition_tag | | corr_condition_tagpair | | corr_condition_tagvalue | | corr_operation | | correlation | | dbversion | | dchecks | | dhosts | | drules | | dservices | | escalations | | event_recovery | | event_tag | | events | | expressions | | functions | | globalmacro | | globalvars | | graph_discovery | | graph_theme | | graphs | | graphs_items | | group_discovery | | group_prototype | | groups | | history | | history_log | | history_str | | history_text | | history_uint | | host_discovery | | host_inventory | | hostmacro | | hosts | | hosts_groups | | hosts_templates | | housekeeper | | httpstep | | httpstepitem | | httptest | | httptestitem | | icon_map | | icon_mapping | | ids | | images | | interface | | interface_discovery | | item_application_prototype | | item_condition | | item_discovery | | items | | items_applications | | maintenances | | maintenances_groups | | maintenances_hosts | | maintenances_windows | | mappings | | media | | media_type | | opcommand | | opcommand_grp | | opcommand_hst | | opconditions | | operations | | opgroup | | opinventory | | opmessage | | opmessage_grp | | opmessage_usr | | optemplate | | problem | | problem_tag | | profiles | | proxy_autoreg_host | | proxy_dhistory | | proxy_history | | regexps | | rights | | screen_user | | screen_usrgrp | | screens | | screens_items | | scripts | | service_alarms | | services | | services_links | | services_times | | sessions | | slides | | slideshow_user | | slideshow_usrgrp | | slideshows | | sysmap_element_url | | sysmap_url | | sysmap_user | | sysmap_usrgrp | | sysmaps | | sysmaps_elements | | sysmaps_link_triggers | | sysmaps_links | | task | | task_close_problem | | timeperiods | | trends | | trends_uint | | trigger_depends | | trigger_discovery | | trigger_tag | | triggers | | users | | users_groups | | usrgrp | | valuemaps | +----------------------------+ 127 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
以后监控的服务器，监控的主机很多的话，这些表会越来越大，所有需要指定合适的监控规则、策略，比如数据量需要保留多长时间，那么在定义这个监控项目的时候就该想到，比如要保留1个月、还是1年，还是其他时间；可能，监控的站点服务量很大的话，一天就要涨好几个G，那么你的服务器磁盘能支持保存多长时间；
密码默认存放的表是users里面
查看表 desc users;
mysql> desc users; +----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | userid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | | | alias | varchar(100) | NO | UNI | | | | name | varchar(100) | NO | | | | | surname | varchar(100) | NO | | | | | passwd | char(32) | NO | | | | | url | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | autologin | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | autologout | int(11) | NO | | 900 | | | lang | varchar(5) | NO | | en_GB | | | refresh | int(11) | NO | | 30 | | | type | int(11) | NO | | 1 | | | theme | varchar(128) | NO | | default | | | attempt_failed | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | attempt_ip | varchar(39) | NO | | | | | attempt_clock | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | rows_per_page | int(11) | NO | | 50 | | +----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 16 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
我们需要修改的就是passwd的表
修改密码 update users set passwd=md5(‘aminglinux‘) where alias=‘Admin‘;
mysql> update users set passwd=md5(‘lishiming1‘) where alias=‘Admin‘; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql>
查看表的情况
mysql> select * from users; +--------+-------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------+-----+-----------+------------+-------+---------+------+---------+----------------+------------+---------------+---------------+ | userid | alias | name | surname | passwd | url | autologin | autologout | lang | refresh | type | theme | attempt_failed | attempt_ip | attempt_clock | rows_per_page | +--------+-------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------+-----+-----------+------------+-------+---------+------+---------+----------------+------------+---------------+---------------+ | 1 | Admin | Zabbix | Administrator | 148308853a00bdc6ed461689d4c72649 | | 1 | 0 | zh_CN | 30 | 3 | default | 0 | | 0 | 50 | | 2 | guest | | | d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e | | 0 | 900 | en_GB | 30 | 1 | default | 0 | | 0 | 50 | +--------+-------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------+-----+-----------+------------+-------+---------+------+---------+----------------+------------+---------------+---------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
这个时候就可以去使用新的密码（lishiming1）浏览器登录zabbix
这就是怎么样去重置你的zabbix管理员密码
19.6 安装zabbix（下）
Zabbix客户端安装
在客户端上也需要下载zabbix的yum源
wget repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.2/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm
yum install -y zabbix-agent
vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf //修改如下配置
Server=127.0.0.1修改为Server=192.168.133.130 //定义服务端的ip（被动模式）
ServerActive=127.0.0.1修改为ServerActive=192.168.133.130 //定义服务端的ip（主动模式）
Hostname=Zabbix server修改为Hostname=aming-123 //这是自定义的主机名，一会还需要在web界面下设置同样的主机名
systemctl start zabbix-agent
systemctl enable zabbix-agent
由于我们之前已经下载 、安装了zabbix yum源
接下来直接yum 安装 zabbix-agent 组件
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y zabbix-agent 已加载插件：fastestmirror base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 zabbix | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 zabbix-non-supported | 951 B 00:00:00 (1/3): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 130 kB 00:00:00 (2/3): zabbix/x86_64/primary_db | 82 kB 00:00:02 (3/3): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 3.6 MB 00:00:08 zabbix-non-supported/x86_64/primary | 1.6 kB 00:00:00 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com zabbix-non-supported 4/4正在解决依赖关系--> 正在检查事务---> 软件包 zabbix-agent.x86_64.0.3.2.10-2.el7 将被 安装--> 解决依赖关系完成依赖关系解决======================================================================================================= Package 架构 版本 源 大小 ======================================================================================================= 正在安装: zabbix-agent x86_64 3.2.10-2.el7 zabbix 347 k 事务概要=======================================================================================================安装 1 软件包总下载量：347 k安装大小：1.3 M Downloading packages:警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/zabbix/packages/zabbix-agent-3.2.10-2.el7.x86_64. rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, 密钥 ID a14fe591: NOKEY zabbix-agent-3.2.10-2.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装zabbix-agent-3.2.10-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 347 kB 00:00:13 从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX-A14FE591 检索密钥导入 GPG key 0xA14FE591: 用户ID : "Zabbix LLC <[email protected]>" 指纹 : a184 8f53 52d0 22b9 471d 83d0 082a b56b a14f e591 软件包 : zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch (installed) 来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX-A14FE591Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction 警告：RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。 正在安装 : zabbix-agent-3.2.10-2.el7.x86_64 1/1 验证中 : zabbix-agent-3.2.10-2.el7.x86_64 1/1 已安装: zabbix-agent.x86_64 0:3.2.10-2.el7 完毕！ [[email protected] ~]#
安装好后，修改配置文件vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
修改三个地方
1.在客户端指定一个白名单 Hostname=aming-02 //方便服务中心识别客户端机器
Server=192.168.202.130 //ip为监控中心的IP
ServerActive=192.168.202.130//这个涉及到一个主动和被动模式；如果这里不填写服务中心的IP，那么就只能使用被动模式；这个IP是主动模式时候用的
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf # Mandatory: no# Default: # Hostname=Hostname=aming-0 2### Option: HostnameItem # Mandatory: no # Default: # Server=Server=192.168.202.130 # Mandatory: no # Default: # ServerActive=ServerActive=192.168.202.130:wq [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf [[email protected] ~]#
配置完成,启动服务，查看进程
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start zabbix-agent [[email protected] ~]# ps aux |grep zabbix zabbix 2377 0.0 0.1 80608 1256 ? S 20:27 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf zabbix 2378 0.0 0.1 80608 1288 ? S 20:27 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd: collector [idle 1 sec] zabbix 2379 0.0 0.1 80608 1836 ? S 20:27 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd: listener #1 [waiting for connection]zabbix 2380 0.0 0.1 80608 1836 ? S 20:27 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd: listener 2 [waiting for connection]zabbix 2381 0.0 0.1 80608 1836 ? S 20:27 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd: listener #3 [waiting for connection]zabbix 2382 0.0 0.2 80608 2180 ? S 20:27 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd: active checks #1 [idle 1 sec]root 2384 0.0 0.0 112680 980 pts/0 R+ 20:28 0:00 grep --color=auto zabbix [[email protected] ~]#
查看下监听的端口,这个端口是10050，客户端， 服务端端口是10051
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -lntp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1742/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2065/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2377/zabbix_agentd tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 2002/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1742/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2065/master tcp6 0 0 :::10050 :::* LISTEN 2377/zabbix_agentd [[email protected] ~]#
到这里zabbix 客户端就安装结束了
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