shell编程脚本练习题
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1.使用for循环在/oldboy目录下通过随机小写10个字母加固定字符串oldboy批量创建10个html文件,名称例如为:
[[email protected] oldboy]# sh /server/scripts/oldboy.sh
[[email protected] oldboy]# ls
coaolvajcq_oldboy.html qnvuxvicni_oldboy.html vioesjmcbu_oldboy.html
gmkhrancxh_oldboy.html tmdjormaxr_oldboy.html wzewnojiwe_oldboy.html
jdxexendbe_oldboy.html ugaywanjlm_oldboy.html xzzruhdzda_oldboy.html
qcawgsrtkp_oldboy.html vfrphtqjpc_oldboy.html
[[email protected] test]# cat shuijishu1.sh
#!/sbin/bash
path=/oldboy
[ -d "$path" ]|| mkdir -p /oldboy
for n in `seq 10`
do
randomnu=$(echo $RANDOM|md5sum |tr "[0-9]" "[a-z]"|cut -c 2-11)
touch "$path/$randomnu"_oldboy.html
done
注获取随机字符法2: openssl rand -base64 40|sed s#[^a-z]##g|cut -c 2-11
2.将以上文件名中的oldboy全部改成oldgirl(用for循环实现),并且html改成大写。
法一:[[email protected] oldboy]# rename "oldboy.html" "oldgirl.HTML" *.html
法二:
[[email protected] test]# cat chongminming.sh
#!/sbin/bash
path=/oldboy
cd $path
for n in `ls`
do
name=$(echo ${n}|awk -F"_" ‘{print $1}‘)
mv $n ${name}_oldgirl.HTML
done
法三:
ls /oldboy|xargs -n1|awk -F"_" ‘{print "mv " $0" "$1"_oldgirl.HTML"}‘|bash
3.批量创建10个系统帐号oldboy01-oldboy10并设置密码(密码为随机8位字符串)。
法一:
[[email protected] test]# cat creaccount.sh
#!/sbin/bash
[ $UID -ne 0 ]&&{
echo "please su - root"
exit 1
}
for n in `seq -w 10`
do
user=fengxiaoli$n
word=`grep -w $user /etc/passwd|wc -l`
if [ $word -eq 1 ];then
echo "useradd $user already exists!"
continue
fi
pass=$(echo $RANDOM|md5sum |cut -c 2-11)
useradd $user && \
echo "$pass"|passwd --stdin $user &>/dev/null
resut=$?
if [ $resut -eq 0 ]
then
echo "$user create succss"
fi
echo "account=$user password=$pass" >>/tmp/acount.txt
done
#Random number method
#openssl rand -base64 40|cut -c 2-11
#echo $RANDOM|md5sum |cut -c 2-11"
#double number method
#seq -w 10
#echo {00..10}
法二:
echo feng{01..10}|xargs -n1|sed -r ‘ s#(.*)#useradd \1;pass=$(echo $RANDOM|md5sum |cut -c 2-11);echo "$pass"|passwd --stdin \1;echo "\1" \t$pass>>/tmp/user.txt#g‘|bash
4.写一个脚本,实现判断10.0.0.0/24网络里,当前在线用户的IP有哪些(方法有很多)
[[email protected] test]# cat ping.sh
法一:此方法较慢,如果主机禁ping,则不能检测出主机
#!/sbin/bash
ip="192.168.1."
cmd="ping -W 2 -c 2"
for i in `seq 254`
do
$cmd $ip$i &>/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
echo "$ip$i is ok!"
else
echo "$ip$i is bad!"
fi
done
法二:此方法较快,禁ping也能监测出主机,nmap功能很强大,建议了解
nmap -sP 192.168.1.*|grep "Nmap scan report for"|awk ‘{print $5 " is ok!"}‘
5.写一个脚本解决DOS攻击生产案例
提示:根据web日志或者或者网络连接数,监控当某个IP并发连接数或者短时内PV达到100,即调用防火墙命令封掉对应的IP,监控频率每隔3分钟。防火墙命令为:iptables -I INPUT -s 10.0.1.10 -j DROP。
法一:
#!/sbin/bash
[ -f /etc/init.d/functions ] && . /etc/init.d/functions
account=5
function ipt(){
awk ‘{print $1}‘ /application/nginx/logs/access.log |sort |uniq -c|sort -nr -k1 >>/tmp/ip.log#注意access.log日志需要按天或按小时分割出来,再来分析
exec </tmp/ip.log
while read line
do
IP=$(echo "$line"|awk ‘{print $2}‘)
if [ `echo "$line"|awk ‘{print $1}‘` -ge $account -a `iptables -L -n|grep "$IP" | wc -l` -lt 1 ];then
iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "$IP is DROP ok"
echo "$IP" >>/tmp/ip_drop_`date +%F`.txt
else
echo "$IP is DROP false"
fi
fi
done
}
function del(){
[ -f /tmp/ip_drop_`date +%F -d ‘-1day‘`.txt ]||{
echo "the log is not exist"
exit 1
}
exec </tmp/ip_drop_`date +%F -d ‘-1day‘`.txt
while read line
do
if [ `iptables -L -n|grep "$line"|wc -l` -eq 1 ];then
iptables -D INPUT -s $line -j DROP
fi
done
}
#main 函数也可以用计划任务替代
main(){
flag=0
while true
do
sleep 180 #等待3分钟
((flag++))
ipt
[ $flag -ge 480 ]&&del&&flag=0 #当flag=480,也就是3*480分钟,等于24小时,意思是将前一天drop掉的ip允许访问
done
}
main
法二:注意这里的netstat.log是netstat命令里的内容
grep ESTABLISHED netstat.log |awk -F "[ :]+" ‘{print $6}‘|sort |uniq -c |sort -rn -k1
法二只需将上面法一中IP获取方法替换即可
6.打印下面这句话中字母数不大于6的单词I am oldboy teacher welcome to oldboy training class
法一:
echo "$word"|xargs -n1|awk ‘length <6{print $1}‘
法二:
[[email protected] test]# tail 001.sh
for word in ${array[*]}
do
if [ `expr length $word` -lt 6 ];then
#if [ ${#word} -lt 6 ];then
#if [ `echo $word|wc -L` -lt 6 ];then
echo $word
fi
done
注:取单词长度方法
${#变量}
expr length 变量
echo 变量 |wc -L
7.开发shell脚本分别实现以脚本传参以及read读入的方式比较2个整数大小。以屏幕输出的方式提醒用户比较结果。注意:一共是开发2个脚本。当用脚本传参以及read读入的方式需要对变量是否为数字、并且传参个数做判断。
#!/sbin/bash
read -p "please input two int num:" a b
if [ -z $a ]||[ -z $b ];then
echo "please input two num!"
exit 1
fi
expr $a + 10 >/dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
echo "please input int num!"
exit 1
fi
expr $b + 10 >/dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
echo "please input int num!"
exit 1
fi
if [ $a -gt $b ];then
echo "$a >$b"
exit 0
elif [ $a -lt $b ];then
echo "$a <$b"
exit 0
else
echo "$a=$b"
exit 0
fi
脚本传参方式只需将$a $b 替换会$1 $2即可
8.批量检查多个网站地址是否正常
要求:shell数组方法实现,检测策略尽量模拟用户访问思路
http://www.etiantian.org
http://www.taobao.com
http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
http://10.0.0.7
[[email protected] test]# cat 003.sh
#!/sbin/bash
[ -f /etc/init.d/functions ] && . /etc/init.d/functions
array=(
http://www.etiantian.org
http://www.taobao.com
http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
http://10.117.33.193
)
for n in ${array[*]}
do
curl=$(wget --spider --timeout=3 --tries=2 $n &>/dev/null)
if [ `echo $?` -eq 0 ];then
action "curl $n" /bin/true
else
action "curl $n" /bin/false
fi
Done
9.企业案例:写网络服务独立进程模式下rsync的系统启动脚本
例如:/etc/init.d/rsyncd{start|stop|restart} 。
要求:
1.要使用系统函数库技巧。
2.要用函数,不能一坨SHI的方式。
3.可被chkconfig管理。
[[email protected] ~]# cat 001.sh
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: 2345 30 62 #将脚本添加进chkconfig时2345向需设置10-90之间,必须添加这句才能将该脚本添加进chkconfig
[ -f /etc/init.d/functions ] && . /etc/init.d/functions
pidfile=/var/run/rsyncd.pid
judge(){
result=$?
if [ $result = 0 ];then
action "rsync is $1" /bin/true
result=$?
else
action "rsync is $1" /bin/false
result=$?
fi
}
start() {
if [ -f $pidfile ];then
echo "rsync is running"
result=$?
else
rsync --daemon
judge started
result=$?
fi
}
stop(){
if [ ! -f $pidfile ];then
echo "rsync is stopping"
result=$?
else
kill `cat $pidfile`
rm -f $pidfile
judge stopd
result=$?
fi
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
result=$?
;;
stop)
stop
result=$?
;;
restart)
stop
sleep 2
start
result=$?
;;
*)
echo "usage:$0 {start|stop|restart}"
exit 1
esac
注:添加进chkconfig 设置开机自启动
cp 001.sh /etc/init.d/rsyncd
# chkconfig: 2345 10 90 #将脚本添加进chkconfig时2345向需设置10-90之间
[[email protected] init.d]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/|grep 30#30没被使用
[[email protected] init.d]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/|grep 61#62没被使用
[[email protected] init.d]# chkconfig --add rsyncd
[[email protected] init.d]# chkconfig --list|grep rsync
rsyncd 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
10.好消息,老男孩培训学生外出企业项目实践机会(第6次)来了(本月中旬),但是,名额有限,队员限3人(班长带队)。
因此需要挑选学生,因此需要一个抓阄的程序:
要求:
1、执行脚本后,想去的同学输入英文名字全拼,产生随机数01-99之间的数字,数字越大就去参加项目实践,前面已经抓到的数字,下次不能在出现相同数字。
2、第一个输入名字后,屏幕输出信息,并将名字和数字记录到文件里,程序不能退出继续等待别的学生输入。
[[email protected] ~]# cat 002.sh
#!/bin/bash
while true
do
file=/tmp/file.txt
[ -f $file ]|| touch $file
read -p "please input your English name:" name
rename=$(grep "\b$name\b" $file|wc -l)
if [ -z $name ];then
echo "Please do not enter empty characters"
continue
elif [ $rename -eq 1 ];then
echo "The user already exists"
continue
else
while true
do
flag=0
ran_num=$(expr $RANDOM % 99 + 1)
zhua_num=$(grep "\b${ran_num}\b" $file|wc -l)
if [ $zhua_num -ne 1 ];then
echo "$name $ran_num"|tee -a $file
flag=1
fi
[ $flag -eq 1 ] && break
done
fi
done
10.已知下面的字符串是通过RANDOM随机数变量md5sum|cut-c 1-8截取后的结果,请破解这些字符串对应的md5sum前的RANDOM对应数字?
21029299
00205d1c
a3da1677
1f6d12dd
[[email protected] ~]# cat 003.sh
#!/bin/bash
array=(
21029299
00205d1c
a3da1677
1f6d12dd
)
for i in {0..32767}
do
md5=$(echo $i|md5sum |cut -c 1-8)
for n in ${array[*]}
do
if [ $md5 == $n ];then
echo "$i is $n"
fi
done
done
11:用shell处理以下内容
1、按单词出现频率降序排序!
2、按字母出现频率降序排序!
[[email protected] ~]# cat file.txt
the squid project provides a number of resources toassist users
design,implement and support squid installations. Please browsethe
documentation and support sections for more infomation
1、按单词出现频率降序排序!
[[email protected] ~]# cat file.txt |tr "[., ]" " "|sed "s# #\n#g"|grep -v "^$"|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn
[[email protected] ~]# cat file.txt |sed "s#[., ]#\n#g"|grep -v "^$"|sort |uniq -c|sort -rn
2、按字母出现频率降序排序!
[[email protected] ~]# cat file.txt |tr "[,.]" " "|sed "s# ##g"|sed -r "s#(.)#\1\n#g"|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn
12.面试及实战考试题:监控web站点目录(/var/html/www)下所有文件是否被恶意篡改(文件内容被改了),如果有就打印改动的文件名(发邮件),定时任务每3分钟执行一次(10分钟时间完成)。
解决方案:如果是正常的代码上线,则暂时不监控,正常代码上线之后先执行001.sh建立指纹库和记录文件数目,再继续监控执行002.sh
[[email protected] shell]# cat 001.sh
#!/bin/bash
path=/var/html/www/
[ -d /test ]|| mkdir /test -p
md5_log=/test/md5_old.log
num_log=/test/num_old.log
find "$path" -type f -exec md5sum {} >$md5_log \;
find "$path" -type f > $num_log
[[email protected] shell]# cat 002.sh
#!/bin/bash
path=/var/html/www#检测站点路径
[ -d /test ]|| mkdir /test -p
md5_log=/test/md5_old.log
num_log=/test/num_old.log
num=$(cat $num_log|wc -l)
while true
do
resultlog=/test/result.log
[ ! -f $resultlog ] && touch $resultlog
md5_check=$(md5sum -c $md5_log 2>/dev/null |grep FAILED|wc -l)
new_num=$(find $path -type f|wc -l)
find $path -type f >/test/num_new.log
if [ $md5_check -ne 0 ]||[ $new_num -ne $num ];then
echo "$(md5sum -c $md5_log 2>/dev/null | grep FAILED)" >$resultlog
diff $num_log /test/num_new.log >>$resultlog
# mail -s "web site is changed in $(date +%F\ %T)" [email protected] <$resultlog
fi
sleep 3
done
[[email protected] test]# ll /test/
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 597 Jul 15 23:20 md5_old.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 223 Jul 15 23:24 num_new.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 223 Jul 15 23:20 num_old.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 29 Jul 15 23:24 result.log
13.请用shell或Python编写一个等腰三角形(oldboy2_triangle.sh),接收用户输入的数字。
例如:
[[email protected] shell]# sh 004.sh
pleash enter a number:6
*
***
*****
*******
*********
***********
[[email protected] shell]# cat 004.sh
#!/bin/bash
read -p "pleash enter a number:" n
for ((i=1;i<=$n;i++))
do
for((j=(($n-$i));j>0;j--))
do
echo -n " "
done
for((m=0;m<$((2*$i-1));m++))
do
echo -n "*"
done
echo
done
[[email protected] shell]# sh 005.sh 2 6
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
* * * * * *
[[email protected] shell]# cat 005.sh
#!/bin/bash
for ((n=$1;n<=$2;n++))
do
for ((m=1;m<$n;m++))
do
echo -n "* "
done
if [ $m -eq $n ];then
echo "* "
fi
done
14.打印选择菜单,一键安装Web服务:
[[email protected]]# sh menu.sh
1.[install lamp]
2.[install lnmp]
3.[exit]
pls input the num you want:
要求:
1、当用户输入1时,输出“startinstalling lamp.”然后执行/server/scripts/lamp.sh,脚本内容输出"lampis installed"后退出脚本;
2、当用户输入2时,输出“startinstalling lnmp.”然后执行/server/scripts/lnmp.sh输出"lnmpis installed"后退出脚本;
3、当输入3时,退出当前菜单及脚本;
4、当输入任何其它字符,给出提示“Input error”后退出脚本。
5、要对执行的脚本进行相关条件判断,例如:脚本是否存在,是否可执行等。
[[email protected] shell]# cat 006.sh
#!/bin/bash
lnmp=/server/scripts/lnmp.sh
lamp=/server/scripts/lamp.sh
echo "1.[install lamp]"
echo "2.[install lnmp]"
echo "3.[exit]"
read -p "please input num:" num
case $num in
1)
[ -f $lamp -a -x $lamp ]||{
echo "$lamp is error!"
exit 1
}
echo "startinstalling lamp..."
$lamp
echo "lamp installed..."
;;
2)
[ -f $lnmp -a -x $lnmp ]||{
echo "$lnmp is error!"
exit 1
}
echo "startinstalling lnmp..."
$lnmp
echo "lnmp installed..."
;;
3)
exit 0
;;
*)
echo "input error"
exit 1
Esac
15.对mysql数据库进行分库加分表备份,请用脚本实现
[[email protected] ~]# cat 001.sh
#!/bin/bash
USER=root
PASS=oldboy
SOCK=/data/3306/mysql.sock
LOGIN="mysql -u$USER -p$PASS -S $SOCK"
DUMP="mysqldump -u$USER -poldboy -S $SOCK"
DATABASE=$($LOGIN -e "show databases;"|sed 1d|grep -Ev "*_schema|mysql")
for database in $DATABASE
do
TABLES=$($LOGIN -e "use $database;show tables;"|sed 1d)
for tables in $TABLES
do
[ -d /opt/$database ]||mkdir -p /opt/$database
$DUMP $database $TABLES |gzip > /opt/$database/${database}_${tables}_$(date +%F).sql.gz
done
done
16.对mysql实现分库备份
[[email protected] ~]# cat 002.sh
#!/bin/bash
USER=root
PASS=oldboy
SOCK=/data/3306/mysql.sock
LOGIN="mysql -u$USER -p$PASS -S $SOCK"
DUMP="mysqldump -u$USER -poldboy -S $SOCK"
DATABASE=$($LOGIN -e "show databases;"|sed 1d|grep -Ev "*_schema|mysql")
for database in $DATABASE
do
$DUMP $database -B |gzip > /opt/${database}_${tables}_$(date +%F).sql.gz
done
17.开发mysql多实例启动脚本:
已知mysql多实例启动命令为:mysqld_safe--defaults-file=/data/3306/my.cnf &
停止命令为:mysqladmin -u root -poldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sockshutdown
请完成mysql多实例启动启动脚本的编写
要求:用函数,case语句、if语句等实现。
[[email protected] 3306]# vim mysql
#!/bin/sh
#init
port=3306
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="oldboy"
CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
else
printf "MySQL is running...\n"
exit
fi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
#!/bin/sh
#init
port=3306
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="oldboy"
CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
else
printf "MySQL is running...\n"
exit
fi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
/bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
else
printf "MySQL is running...\n"
exit
fi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
exit
fi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
fi
}
#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 2
function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac
18.企业面试题1:(生产实战案例):监控MySQL主从同步是否异常,如果异常,则发送短信或者邮件给管理员。提示:如果没主从同步环境,可以用下面文本放到文件里读取来模拟:
阶段1:开发一个守护进程脚本每30秒实现检测一次。
阶段2:如果同步出现如下错误号(1158,1159,1008,1007,1062),则跳过错误。
阶段3:请使用数组技术实现上述脚本(获取主从判断及错误号部分)
[[email protected] C13]# cat 13_6_3.sh
#!/bin/bash
###########################################
# this script function is :
# check_mysql_slave_replication_status
############################################
path=/server/scripts
MAIL_GROUP="[email protected] [email protected]"
PAGER_GROUP="18600338340 18911718229"
LOG_FILE="/tmp/web_check.log"
USER=root
PASSWORD=oldboy123
PORT=3307
MYSQLCMD="mysql -u$USER -p$PASSWORD -S /data/$PORT/mysql.sock"
error=(1008 1007 1062)
RETVAL=0
[ ! -d $path ] && mkdir -p $path
function JudgeError(){
for((i=0;i<${#error[*]};i++))
do
if [ "$1" == "${error[$i]}" ]
then
echo "MySQL slave errorno is $1,auto repairing it."
$MYSQLCMD -e "stop slave;set global sql_slave_skip_counter=1;start slave;"
fi
done
return $1
}
function CheckDb(){
status=($(awk -F ‘: ‘ ‘/_Running|Last_Errno|_Behind/{print $NF}‘ slave.log))
expr ${status[3]} + 1 &>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
status[3]=300
fi
if [ "${status[0]}" == "Yes" -a "${status[1]}" == "Yes" -a ${status[3]} -lt 120 ]
then
#echo "Mysql slave status is ok"
return 0
else
#echo "mysql replcation is failed"
JudgeError ${status[2]}
fi
}
function MAIL(){
local SUBJECT_CONTENT=$1
for MAIL_USER in `echo $MAIL_GROUP`
do
mail -s "$SUBJECT_CONTENT " $MAIL_USER <$LOG_FILE
done
}
function PAGER(){
for PAGER_USER in `echo $PAGER_GROUP`
do
TITLE=$1
CONTACT=$PAGER_USER
HTTPGW=http://oldboy.sms.cn/smsproxy/sendsms.action
#send_message method1
curl -d cdkey=5ADF-EFA -d password=OLDBOY -d phone=$CONTACT -d message="$TITLE[$2]" $HTTPGW
done
}
function SendMsg(){
if [ $1 -ne 0 ]
then
RETVAL=1
NOW_TIME=`date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
SUBJECT_CONTENT="mysql slave is error,errorno is $2,${NOW_TIME}."
echo -e "$SUBJECT_CONTENT"|tee $LOG_FILE
MAIL $SUBJECT_CONTENT
PAGER $SUBJECT_CONTENT $NOW_TIME
else
echo "Mysql slave status is ok"
RETVAL=0
fi
return $RETVAL
}
function main(){
while true
do
CheckDb
SendMsg $?
sleep 300
done
}
main
本文出自 “feng” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://fengxiaoli.blog.51cto.com/12104465/1952464
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