Linux中的sshd服务和sshkey加密

Posted 2020-09-29

openssh-server

1.openssh-server

功能：让远程主机可以通过网络访问sshd服务，开始一个安全shell

2.客户端连接方式
ssh    远程主机用户@远程主机ip
[[email protected] ~]# ssh [email protected]
The authenticity of host ‘172.25.0.11 (172.25.0.11)‘ can‘t be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is eb:24:0e:07:96:26:b1:04:c2:37:0c:78:2d:bc:b0:08.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes    连接陌生主机时需要建立认证关系
Warning: Permanently added ‘172.25.0.11‘ (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]‘s password:                 远程用户密码
Last login: Mon Oct  3 03:13:47 2016
[[email protected] ~]#                    登陆成功

ssh 远程主机用户@远程主机ip -X                调用远程主机图形工具
ssh     远程主机用户@远程主机ip        command        直接在远程主机运行某条命令




sshkey加密
1.生成公钥私钥
[[email protected] ~]# ssh-keygen         生成公钥私钥工具
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):[enter]     加密字符保存文件（建议用默认）
Created directory ‘/root/.ssh‘.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):         [enter]        密钥密码，必须>4个字符
Enter same passphrase again:                 [enter]        确认密码
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:                        
ab:3c:73:2e:c8:0b:75:c8:39:3a:46:a2:22:34:84:81 [email protected]
The key‘s randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|o                |
|E.               |
|..               |
|.  . o           |
|.o. * . S        |
|oo.o o   .       |
|+ =. .  .        |
|o. oo.+..        |
|    ..o*.        |
+-----------------+
[[email protected] ~]# ls /root/.ssh/
id_rsa  id_rsa.pub
id_rsa               私钥，就是钥匙
id_rsa.pub       公钥，就是锁

2.添加key认证方式
[[email protected] ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub  [email protected]
ssh-copy-id         添加key认证方式的工具
-i                           指定加密key文件
/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub     加密key
root                       加密用户为root
172.25.0.11         被加密主机ip

3.分发钥匙给client主机
[[email protected] ~]# scp /root/.ssh/id_rsa [email protected]:/root/.ssh/

4.测试

[[email protected] ~]# ssh [email protected]        通过id_rsa直接连接不需要输入用户密码
Last login: Mon Oct  3 03:58:10 2016 from 172.25.0.250
[[email protected] ~]#

提升openssh的安全级别
1.openssh-server配置文件
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
78 PasswordAuthentication yes|no         是否开启用户密码认证，yes为支持no为关闭
48 PermitRootLogin yes|no                      是否允许超级用户登陆
49 AllowUsers student westos                 用户白名单，只有在名单中出现的用户可以使用sshd建立shell
50 DenyUsers westos                               用户黑名单