LeetCode 501. Find Mode in Binary Search Tree (找到二叉搜索树的众数)

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Given a binary search tree (BST) with duplicates, find all the mode(s) (the most frequently occurred element) in the given BST.

Assume a BST is defined as follows:

  • The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys less than or equal to the node\'s key.
  • The right subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys greater than or equal to the node\'s key.
  • Both the left and right subtrees must also be binary search trees.

 

For example:
Given BST [1,null,2,2],

   1
    \\
     2
    /
   2

 

return [2].

Note: If a tree has more than one mode, you can return them in any order.

Follow up: Could you do that without using any extra space? (Assume that the implicit stack space incurred due to recursion does not count).

 


题目标签:Tree
  这道题目给了我们一个二叉搜索树,让我们找到树的众树 (出现最多的那个值),可以是一个众树,也可以有很多个。看完题目第一个想到用HashMap,但是发现题目最后follow up说不能用extra space。所以我们要另外考虑方法。二叉搜索树的特性,左边 <= 根 <= 右边,这道题目包括了等于。举一个例子:
                      10
                       /      \\
                                                                            5       13
                      /   \\         \\
                                                                        3     7       13
                                                                       /  \\      \\  
                                                                     2    3     9
 
   看这个例子,我们试着把它上下压缩一下, 就等于, 2 3 3 5 7 9 10 13 13 ,在纸上画的左右分开比较容易看清。发现这是一个有序的排列。如果我们可以遍历这个顺序的话,它是从小到大的,特点就是,一样的数字一定是连在一起的。这样我们就可以设一个count = 1,一个maxCount = 0 和一个pre Node, count是记录每一个数字的连续出现次数,如果大于maxCount 那就说明这个数字是新的mode,比起之前的数字。 maxCount 记录最大出现次数的mode。pre Node是上一个点的数字,当每次current 点和上一个点比较,是否两个数字相同,来判断需要count++,如果不相同,那就更新count = 1。
  如何得到这个有序排列,可以通过inorder traversal 来实现,需要注意的是, Java 是 Pass by Value 的核心,所以pre node , count 什么的,需要放在function 外面。
 
 

Java Solution:

Runtime beats 74.31% 

完成日期:07/07/2017

关键词:Tree

关键点:inorder 遍历 (从小到大顺序)

 

 1 /**
 2  * Definition for a binary tree node.
 3  * public class TreeNode {
 4  *     int val;
 5  *     TreeNode left;
 6  *     TreeNode right;
 7  *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 8  * }
 9  */
10 public class Solution 
11 {
12     TreeNode pre = null;
13     int cnt = 1;
14     int max_cnt = 0;
15     
16     public int[] findMode(TreeNode root) 
17     {
18         ArrayList<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
19         
20         inorder(root, res);
21         
22         int[] result = new int[res.size()];
23         
24         for(int i=0; i<result.length; i++)
25             result[i] = res.get(i);
26         
27         return result;
28     }
29     
30     public void inorder(TreeNode node, ArrayList<Integer> res)
31     {
32         if(node == null)
33             return;
34         
35         inorder(node.left, res);
36         // meaning this node has a previous node, need to compare them to determine cnt
37         if(pre != null) 
38         {    
39             if(node.val == pre.val) // if this node has same value as pre\'s
40                 cnt++;
41             else // if this node has different value as pre\'s
42                 cnt = 1;
43         }
44         
45         // once cnt is greater max_cnt, meaning find a new mode, need to clear res;
46         if(cnt > max_cnt) 
47         {
48             max_cnt = cnt; 
49             res.clear();
50             res.add(node.val);
51         }
52         else if(cnt == max_cnt) // cnt == max_cnt, meaning find a new mode that equal to pre mode.
53             res.add(node.val);
54         
55             
56         if(pre == null) // for first most left leaf node, its pre is null, set the first pre node 
57         {    
58             pre = new TreeNode(node.val);
59         }
60         else // if pre is not null, update this node\'s val each time
61             pre.val = node.val;
62         
63         
64         inorder(node.right, res);
65     }
66 }

参考资料:

http://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/6436150.html

 

LeetCode 算法题目列表 - LeetCode Algorithms Questions List

 

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