linux系统配置网卡绑定

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linux系统配置网卡绑定

一、centos6下配置网卡绑定(bonding)

1、bonding概述

(1)作用:就是将多块网卡绑定同一IP地址对外提供服务,可以实现高可用或者负载均衡。当然,直接给两块网卡设置同一IP地址是不可能的。通过bonding,虚拟一块网卡对外提供连接,物理网卡的被修改为相同的MAC地址。

(2)Bonding的工作模式

   1)Mode 0 (balance-rr)轮转(Round-robin)策略:从头到尾顺序的在每一个slave接口上面发送数据包。本模式提供负载均衡和容错的能力

   2)Mode 1 (active-backup)活动-备份(主备)策略:在绑定中,只有一个slave被激活。当且仅当活动的slave接口失败时才会激活其他slave。为了避免交换机发生混乱此时绑定的MAC地址只有一个外部端口上可见

   3)Mode 3 (broadcast)广播策略:在所有的slave接口上传送所有的报文。本模式提供容错能力。

2、bonding配置(详细配置文档:/usr/share/doc/kerneldocversion/Documentation/networking

/bonding.txt)

(1)准备工作:需要关闭NetworkManager

[[email protected] ~]# serviceNetworkManager stop

(2)创建bonding配置文件(miimon是用来进行链路监测的。如果miimon=100,那么系统每100ms 监测一次链路连接状态,如果有一条线路不通就转入另一条线路,mode用来指定bonding的工作模式)

[[email protected] ~]# cd/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

[[email protected] network-scripts]#cat ifcfg-bond0   #bonding的配置

DEVICE=bond0       #设备名称

BOOTPROTO=dhcp    #IP地址获取方式

BONDING_OPTS="miimon=100mode=1"

(3)配置需要bonding的网卡

[[email protected] network-scripts]#cat ifcfg-eth1 ifcfg-eth0  #物理网卡的配置

DEVICE=eth1   

BOOTPROTO=dhcp

MASTER=bond0    #指定主设备为bond0

SLAVE=yes        #将当前设备设置为从设备

USERCTL=no

 

DEVICE=eth0

BOOTPROTO=dhcp

MASTER=bond0

SLAVE=yes

USERCTL=no

(4)使配置生效(配置完成后需要重启网卡时配置生效,生效后查看网卡信息时,只有bonding设备有IP地址,物理网卡没有IP地址)

[[email protected] network-scripts]#service network restart  #重启网卡使配置的bonding生效

[[email protected] network-scripts]#ifconfig  

bond0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:D3:7B:9B 

          inet addr:172.16.254.250  Bcast:172.16.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0

          inet6 addr:fe80::20c:29ff:fed3:7b9b/64 Scope:Link

          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTERMULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

          RX packets:862 errors:0 dropped:0overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:23 errors:0 dropped:0overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

          RX bytes:92932 (90.7 KiB)  TX bytes:3326 (3.2 KiB)

 

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:D3:7B:9B 

          UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVEMULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

          RX packets:298656 errors:0 dropped:0overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:9015 errors:0 dropped:0overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

          RX bytes:33161613 (31.6 MiB)  TX bytes:1608752 (1.5 MiB)

 

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:D3:7B:9B 

          UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVEMULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

          RX packets:425 errors:0 dropped:0overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

          RX bytes:45922 (44.8 KiB)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

(5)查看bonding的信息(通过查看/proc/net/bonding/bond0能够查看网卡的的状态,在主备模式下那块网卡处于激活状态)

[[email protected] network-scripts]#cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0

Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver:v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)

 

Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance(active-backup)

Primary Slave: None

Currently Active Slave: eth0

MII Status: up

MII Polling Interval (ms): 100

Up Delay (ms): 0

Down Delay (ms): 0

3、删除bonding

[[email protected] network-scripts]#ifconfig bond0 down   #停掉bonding

[[email protected] network-scripts]#rm ifcfg-bond0    #删除bonding配置文件

二、centos7下配置网卡绑定(bonding)

1、网卡命名

(1)网卡命名机制,systemd对网络设备的命名方式

   1) 如果Firmware或Bios为主板上集成的设备提供的索引信息可用,且可预测则根据此索引进行命名,例如eno1

   2) 如果Firmware或BIOS为PCI-E扩展槽所提供的索引信息可用,且可预测,则根据此索引进行命名,例如ens1

   3) 如果硬件接口的物理位置信息可用,则根据此信息进行命名,例如enp2s0

   4) 如果用户显式启动,也可根据MAC地址进行命名,enx2387a1dc56

   5) 上述均不可用时,则使用传统命名机制

(2) 名称组成格式

    en: Ethernet 有线局域网

    wl: wlan无线局域网

    ww: wwan无线广域网

   名称类型:

    o<index>: 集成设备的设备索引号

    s<slot>: 扩展槽的索引号

    x<MAC>: 基于MAC地址的命名

    p<bus>s<slot>:enp2s1

(3)网卡设备的命名过程

   第一步:udev, 辅助工具程序/lib/udev/rename_device/usr/lib/udev/rules.d/60-net.rules

   第二步:biosdevname会根据/usr/lib/udev/rules.d/71-biosdevname.rules

(4)更改centos7网卡名称

   CentOS从7.0版本以后,网卡的命名自动基于固件及拓扑结构和位置信息来固定。不会自动生成eth0等网卡名称,为了方便KVM的部署。此处,我们我们将网卡名称修改为eth0。

方法一:在安装系统的过程中修改网卡名称为eth0(在安装系统的选择界面,选择“install centOS 7” 按下”Tab”键在最下面加入”net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0”如下图所示)

技术分享

方法二:编辑/etc/grub2.cfg配置文件:(加入net.ifnames=0)

[[email protected] ~]# cat -n/etc/grub2.cfg | grep biosdevname

    99         linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64root=UUID=90b71a77-dd23-4528-8338-d7e466927721 ro crashkernel=autobiosdevname=0 net.ifnames=0 rhgbquiet.UTF-8

或修改/etc/default/grub配置文件:(在下述行加入net.ifnames=0)

[[email protected] ~]#cat /etc/default/grub

……

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=autobiosdevname=0 net.ifnames=0 rhgbquiet"

方法三:为grub2生成其配置文件

[[email protected] ~]#grub2-mkconfig-o /etc/grub2.cfg

注:通过方法二和方法三修改后需要重启系统是配置生效,同时也需要修改网卡配置文件中的网卡名称

2、nmcli命令的使用

(1)作用:地址配置工具

(2)用法:nmcli[ OPTIONS ] OBJECT{ COMMAND | help }(具体用法可以在使用时按Tab键补全)

   选项:device

       connection

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli device show eth1   #查看网卡eth1的详细信息

GENERAL.DEVICE:                         eth1

GENERAL.TYPE:                           ethernet

GENERAL.HWADDR:                         00:0C:29:ED:0F:1B

GENERAL.MTU:                            1500

GENERAL.STATE:                          100 (connected)

GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     Wired connection 1

GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6

WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER:               on

IP4.ADDRESS[1]:                         10.0.0.3/24

IP4.GATEWAY:                            10.0.0.2

IP4.DNS[1]:                             10.0.0.2

IP4.DOMAIN[1]:                          localdomain

(3)通过nmcli修改网卡配置文件名称

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection show #查看当前系统有多少套配置文件

NAME          UUID                           TYPE            DEVICE

virbr0      084f00d4-652e-44c8-83b7-70b469f89f31 bridge          virbr0

eth0        d50e8c71-6416-4ab6-97ca-ad2002cd3353  802-3-ethernet  eth0  

Wired connection 1  370c3d11-868f-4efc-95bc-630169b62ef1  802-3-ethernet  eth1

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection modify Wired\ connection\ 1 connection.id eth1                            #修改网卡配置文件名称

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection show   #查看修改后的名称

NAME       UUID                                  TYPE            DEVICE

virbr0     084f00d4-652e-44c8-83b7-70b469f89f31  bridge          virbr0

eth0      d50e8c71-6416-4ab6-97ca-ad2002cd3353 802-3-ethernet  eth0  

eth1      370c3d11-868f-4efc-95bc-630169b62ef1 802-3-ethernet  eth1 

(4)通过nmcli命令为网卡在不同的环境创建不同的配置文件

   1)创建网卡配置文件

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection add ifname eth1 type ethernet con-name eth1-home ip4192.168.1.2/24 gw4 192.168.1.1     #通过命令创建一份网卡配置文件

Connection ‘eth1-home‘(4e73fce1-800e-420d-902f-48b19c8dfc07) successfully added.

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection show

……

eth1-home  4e73fce1-800e-420d-902f-48b19c8dfc07  802-3-ethernet  --    

[[email protected] network-scripts]#cp ifcfg-eth1-home ifcfg-eth1-office  #通过复制创建网卡配置

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection reload     #加载复制的网卡配置

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection show      #查看生效后的配置

……

eth1-office  1bbd1be4-e93e-4b29-0ced-eaffbef36326  802-3-ethernet  --    

eth1-home    4e73fce1-800e-420d-902f-48b19c8dfc07  802-3-ethernet  --     

   2)使创建的网卡配置文件生效

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection up eth1-home #使配置eth1-home生效

Connection successfully activated(D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/9)

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection show   #查看当前生效的配置

NAME         UUID                                  TYPE            DEVICE

…….

eth1-home    4e73fce1-800e-420d-902f-48b19c8dfc07  802-3-ethernet  eth1  

[[email protected] network-scripts]#ifconfig eth1  #查看eth1IP地址

eth1:flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500

        inet 192.168.1.2  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli device status   #查看设备的状态

DEVICE      TYPE     STATE      CONNECTION

virbr0      bridge   connected  virbr0    

eth0        ethernet  connected eth0      

eth1        ethernet  connected eth1-home 

lo          loopback  unmanaged --        

virbr0-nic  tap      unmanaged  --

   3)删除网卡配置文件

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection delete eth1-home

Connection ‘eth1-home‘(4e73fce1-800e-420d-902f-48b19c8dfc07) successfully deleted.

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection show  #查看删除后可用的配置文件

(4)通过nmcli网络设置

   1)用法:nmcliconnection modify IFACE[+|-]setting.propertyvalue

   2)常用参数

Nmcli  修改参数

对应网卡配置文件选项

ipv4.method  manual

BOOTPROTO=none

ipv4.method  auto

BOOTPROTO=dhcp

ipv4.addresses  “192.0.2.1/24 192.0.2.254”

IPADDR0=192.0.2.1

PREFIX0=24

GATEWAY0=192.0.2.254

ipv4.dns  8.8.8.8

DNS0=8.8.8.8

ipv4.dns-search  example.com

DOMAIN=example.com

ipv4.ignore-auto-dns  true

PEERDNS=no

connection.autoconnectyes

ONBOOT=yes

connection.id  eth0

NAME=eth0

connection.interface-name  eth0

DEVICE=eth0

802-3-ethernet.mac-address  . . .

HWADDR=  . . .

#将网卡配置文件中的ONBOOT设置为no

[[email protected] network-scripts]# nmcliconnection modify eth1-home connection.autoconnect no

#设置dns

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection modify eth1-home ipv4.dns 114.114.114.114

#为网卡再添加一个IP地址

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection modify eth1-home +ipv4.addresses 192.168.1.100/24

[[email protected] network-scripts]#cat ifcfg-eth1-home | grep -E "IPADDR|DNS"

DNS1=114.114.114.114

IPADDR=192.168.1.2

IPADDR1=192.168.1.100

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection modify eth1-home -ipv4.addresses 192.168.1.100/24    #删除设置的一个IP地址

3、通过nmcli命令实现bonding

(1)添加bonding接口

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection add type bond con-name bond0 ifname bond0 mode active-backup   #创建bonding接口,模式为主从模式

Connection ‘bond0‘(da41db3d-b705-4eca-8e0a-06e7c59a95eb) successfully added.

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection show

……

bond0   da41db3d-b705-4eca-8e0a-06e7c59a95eb  bond            bond0 

(2)为bonding接口添加从属接口

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection add type bond-slave ifname eth0 master bond0 #eth0接口添加到bond0的从属接口,添加后会生成新的配置文件bond-slave-eth0

Connection ‘bond-slave-eth0‘(681e4abb-f538-4756-b0bd-cd5a51eb0cf6) successfully added.

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection add type bond-slave ifname eth1 master bond0 #eth1接口添加到bond0的从属接口,添加后会生成新的配置文件bond-slave-eth1

Connection ‘bond-slave-eth1‘(0a1708cc-e9fc-48d6-b6c2-6349b14d06e0) successfully added.

(3)启动绑定

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection up bond-slave-eth0 #启动绑定从属接口0

Connection successfully activated(D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Active

Connection/13)

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection up bond-slave-eth1 #启动绑定从属接口1

Connection successfully activated(D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Active

Connection/14)

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection up bond0  #启动绑定

Connection successfully activated(master waiting for slaves) (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/

NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/15)

(4)查看bonding状态及信息

[[email protected] network-scripts]#cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0

Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver:v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)

Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance(active-backup)

Primary Slave: None

Currently Active Slave: eth0

MII Status: up

MII Polling Interval (ms): 100

Up Delay (ms): 0

Down Delay (ms): 0

……

(5)修改bongding的工作模式

[[email protected] network-scripts]#cat ifcfg-bond0

…….

BONDING_OPTS=mode=broadcast     #将主从模式修改广播模式

……

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection up bond0   #使修改后的配置生效

Connection successfully activated(master waiting for slaves) (D-Bus active path:/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/18)

[[email protected] network-scripts]#cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0  #查看状态

Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver:v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)

Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance(broadcast)

MII Status: up

MII Polling Interval (ms): 100

Up Delay (ms): 0

Down Delay (ms): 0

(6)删除bonding

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection delete bond0  #删除bonding配置文件

[[email protected] ~]# nmcliconnection delete bond-slave-eth0  #删除bonding从属接口配置文件

[[email protected] ~]# nmcliconnection delete bond-slave-eth1

三、centos7下通过网络组Network Teaming绑定

1、网络组概述

(1)网络组作用:是将多个网卡聚合在一起方法,从而实现冗错和提高吞吐量,提供更好的性能和扩展性

(2)网络组由内核驱动和teamd守护进程实现

(3)支持的方式:broadcast、roundrobin、activebackup、loadbalance、lacp(implements the 802.3ad LinkAggregation Control Protocol)

2、创建网络组(即创建banding)

(1)创建网络组接口

   1)创建命令:nmclicon add type team con-nameCNAMEifnameINAME[configJSON]

   2)参数说明:CNAME连接名,INAME接口名

            JSON指定runner方式

            格式:‘{"runner": {"name":"METHOD"}}‘

            METHOD可以是broadcast,roundrobin,activebackup,loadbalance,lacp

[[email protected] ~]# nmcliconnection add type team con-name team0 ifname team0 config‘{"runner":{"name":"loadbalance"}}‘  #创建网络组接口,创建后会自动生成网络组配置文件

[[email protected] network-scripts]#ls ifcfg-team0   #生成的网络组配置文件

ifcfg-team0

#为网络组接口配置IP地址

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection modify team0 ipv4.addresses 172.16.1.252/16

#指定网络接口组IP地址类型为手工指定

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection modify team0 ipv4.method manual

#为网络组接口设置DNS和网关

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection modify team0 ipv4.gateway 172.16.0.1

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection modify team0 ipv4.dns 172.16.0.1  

(2)创建port接口(即为网络组添加物理网卡)

   1)用法:nmclicon add type team-slave con-nameCNAMEifnameINAMEmaster TEAM

   2)参数:CNAME连接名

         INAME网络接口名

         TEAM网络组接口名

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection add con-name team0-eth0 type team-slave ifname eth0  master team0 #eth0添加到网络组,会生成新的配置文件team0-eth0

Connection ‘team0-eth0‘ (26f78262-827e-4576-a6dd-ffa633710cad)successfully added.

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection add con-name team0-eth1 type team-slave ifname eth1  master team0  #eth1添加到网络组,会生成新的配置文件team0-eth1

Connection ‘team0-eth1‘ (520a97b9-22ce-4e26-9c7f-ff2470260b11)successfully added.

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection show   #查看网络配置文件

……

team0      f6ad9858-fa1c-447c-b05c-d64026722648 team            team0 

team0-eth1  520a97b9-22ce-4e26-9c7f-ff2470260b11  802-3-ethernet  --    

team0-eth0  26f78262-827e-4576-a6dd-ffa633710cad  802-3-ethernet  --    

(3)启动网络组

   1)启动网络组接口不会自动启动网络组中的port接口

   2)启动网络组接口中的port接口总会自动启动网络组接口

   3)禁用网络组接口会自动禁用网络组中的port接口

   4)没有port接口的网络组接口可以启动静态IP连接

   5)启用DHCP连接时,没有port接口的网络组会等待port接口的加入

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection up team0    #启动网络组

Connection successfully activated(master waiting for slaves) (D-Bus active path:/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/24)

#没有启动网络组接口静态IP可以生效,并可以ping通(前提示和物理网卡同一网段)

[[email protected] network-scripts]#ifconfig team0

team0:flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500

        inet 172.16.1.252  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.16.255.255

        ether 4a:12:68:43:5b:74  txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection show #启动网络组并不会启动网络组中接口

NAME        UUID                                  TYPE            DEVICE

team0      f6ad9858-fa1c-447c-b05c-d64026722648 team            team0 

…… 

team0-eth1  520a97b9-22ce-4e26-9c7f-ff2470260b11  802-3-ethernet  --     

team0-eth0  26f78262-827e-4576-a6dd-ffa633710cad  802-3-ethernet  --   

#启动网络组中接口,启动网络组接口后,网络组接口ip地址才会失效

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection up team0-eth0

[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection up team0-eth1

(4)查看网络组状态信息

[[email protected] ~]# teamdctl team0state         

setup:

 runner: loadbalance

ports:

……

(5)删除网络组

[[email protected] ~]# nmcliconnection down team0  #停掉网络组,停掉后物理网络会自动开启

#删除网络组port配置信息

[[email protected] ~]# nmcliconnection delete team0-eth0

Connection ‘team0-eth0‘(26f78262-827e-4576-a6dd-ffa633710cad) successfully deleted.

[[email protected] ~]# nmcliconnection delete team0-eth1

Connection ‘team0-eth1‘(520a97b9-22ce-4e26-9c7f-ff2470260b11) successfully deleted.

[[email protected] ~]# nmcliconnection delete team0  #删除网络组

Connection ‘team0‘(f6ad9858-fa1c-447c-b05c-d64026722648) successfully deleted.

[[email protected] ~]# nmcliconnection show   #查看配置信息时,没有了网络组配置信息

NAME    UUID                                  TYPE            DEVICE

virbr0  084f00d4-652e-44c8-83b7-70b469f89f31  bridge          virbr0

eth0    d50e8c71-6416-4ab6-97ca-ad2002cd3353  802-3-ethernet  eth0  

eth1    370c3d11-868f-4efc-95bc-630169b62ef1  802-3-ethernet  eth1  


本文出自 “dayi123” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://dayi123.blog.51cto.com/12064061/1922759

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