全网最细笔记java与kotlin的一些异同

Posted 2021-09-17 Lucklyの博客

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本文主要介绍java与kotlin的一些异同

后面可能还会继续比较kotlin和dart 期待吗？

打印日志

• Java

System.out.print("Amit Shekhar");
System.out.println("Amit Shekhar");

• Kotlin

print("Amit Shekhar")
println("Amit Shekhar")

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常量与变量

• Java

String name = "Amit Shekhar";
final String name = "Amit Shekhar";

• Kotlin

var name = "Amit Shekhar"
val name = "Amit Shekhar"

---

null声明

• Java

String otherName;
otherName = null;

• Kotlin

var otherName : String?
otherName = null

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空判断

• Java

if (text != null) {
    int length = text.length();
}

• Kotlin

text?.let {
    val length = text.length
}
// or simply
val length = text?.length

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字符串拼接

• Java

String firstName = "Amit";
String lastName = "Shekhar";
String message = "My name is: " + firstName + " " + lastName;

• Kotlin

val firstName = "Amit"
val lastName = "Shekhar"
val message = "My name is: $firstName $lastName"

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换行

• Java

String text = "First Line\\n" +
              "Second Line\\n" +
              "Third Line";

• Kotlin

val text = """
        |First Line
        |Second Line
        |Third Line
        """.trimMargin()

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三元表达式

• Java

String text = x > 5 ? "x > 5" : "x <= 5";

• Kotlin

val text = if (x > 5)
              "x > 5"
           else "x <= 5"

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操作符

• java

final int andResult  = a & b;
final int orResult   = a | b;
final int xorResult  = a ^ b;
final int rightShift = a >> 2;
final int leftShift  = a << 2;
final int unsignedRightShift = a >>> 2;

• Kotlin

val andResult  = a and b
val orResult   = a or b
val xorResult  = a xor b
val rightShift = a shr 2
val leftShift  = a shl 2
val unsignedRightShift = a ushr 2

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类型判断和转换 (声明式)

• Java

if (object instanceof Car) {
}
Car car = (Car) object;

• Kotlin

if (object is Car) {
}
var car = object as Car

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类型判断和转换 (隐式)

• Java

if (object instanceof Car) {
   Car car = (Car) object;
}

• Kotlin

if (object is Car) {
   var car = object // 聪明的转换
}

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多重条件

• Java

if (score >= 0 && score <= 300) { }

• Kotlin

if (score in 0..300) { }

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更灵活的case语句

• Java

int score = // some score;
String grade;
switch (score) {
    case 10:
    case 9:
        grade = "Excellent";
        break;
    case 8:
    case 7:
    case 6:
        grade = "Good";
        break;
    case 5:
    case 4:
        grade = "OK";
        break;
    case 3:
    case 2:
    case 1:
        grade = "Fail";
        break;
    default:
        grade = "Fail";
}

• Kotlin

var score = // some score
var grade = when (score) {
    9, 10 -> "Excellent"
    in 6..8 -> "Good"
    4, 5 -> "OK"
    in 1..3 -> "Fail"
    else -> "Fail"
}

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for循环

• Java

for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i++) { }

for (int i = 1; i < 10 ; i++) { }

for (int i = 10; i >= 0 ; i--) { }

for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i+=2) { }

for (int i = 10; i >= 0 ; i-=2) { }

for (String item : collection) { }

for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry: map.entrySet()) { }

• Kotlin

for (i in 1..10) { }

for (i in 1 until 10) { }

for (i in 10 downTo 0) { }

for (i in 1..10 step 2) { }

for (i in 10 downTo 0 step 2) { }

for (item in collection) { }

for ((key, value) in map) { }

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更方便的集合操作

• Java

final List<Integer> listOfNumber = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4);

final Map<Integer, String> keyValue = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
map.put(1, "Amit");
map.put(2, "Ali");
map.put(3, "Mindorks");

// Java 9
final List<Integer> listOfNumber = List.of(1, 2, 3, 4);

final Map<Integer, String> keyValue = Map.of(1, "Amit",
                                             2, "Ali",
                                             3, "Mindorks");

• Kotlin

val listOfNumber = listOf(1, 2, 3, 4)
val keyValue = mapOf(1 to "Amit",
                     2 to "Ali",
                     3 to "Mindorks")

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遍历

• Java

// Java 7 and below
for (Car car : cars) {
  System.out.println(car.speed);
}

// Java 8+
cars.forEach(car -> System.out.println(car.speed));

// Java 7 and below
for (Car car : cars) {
  if (car.speed > 100) {
    System.out.println(car.speed);
  }
}

// Java 8+
cars.stream().filter(car -> car.speed > 100).forEach(car -> System.out.println(car.speed));

• Kotlin

cars.forEach {
    println(it.speed)
}

cars.filter { it.speed > 100 }
      .forEach { println(it.speed)}

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方法定义

• Java

void doSomething() {
   // logic here
}

void doSomething(int... numbers) {
   // logic here
}

• Kotlin

fun doSomething() {
   // logic here
}

fun doSomething(vararg numbers: Int) {
   // logic here
}

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带返回值的方法

• Java

int getScore() {
   // logic here
   return score;
}

• Kotlin

fun getScore(): Int {
   // logic here
   return score
}

// as a single-expression function

fun getScore(): Int = score

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无结束符号

• Java

int getScore(int value) {
    // logic here
    return 2 * value;
}

• Kotlin

fun getScore(value: Int): Int {
   // logic here
   return 2 * value
}

// as a single-expression function

fun getScore(value: Int): Int = 2 * value

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constructor 构造器

• Java

public class Utils {

    private Utils() { 
      // This utility class is not publicly instantiable 
    }
    
    public static int getScore(int value) {
        return 2 * value;
    }
    
}

• Kotlin

class Utils private constructor() {

    companion object {
    
        fun getScore(value: Int): Int {
            return 2 * value
        }
        
    }
}

// another way

object Utils {

    fun getScore(value: Int): Int {
        return 2 * value
    }

}

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Get Set 构造器

• Java

public class Developer {

    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Developer(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;

        Developer developer = (Developer) o;

        if (age != developer.age) return false;
        return name != null ? name.equals(developer.name) : developer.name == null;

    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int result = name != null ? name.hashCode() : 0;
        result = 31 * result + age;
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Developer{" +
                "name='" + name + '\\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

• Kotlin

data class Developer(val name: String, val age: Int)

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原型扩展

• Java

public class Utils {

    private Utils() { 
      // This utility class is not publicly instantiable 
    }
    
    public static int triple(int value) {
        return 3 * value;
    }
    
}

int result = Utils.triple(3);

• Kotlin

fun Int.triple(): Int {
  return this * 3
}

var result = 3.triple()

• Java

public enum Direction {
        NORTH(1),
        SOUTH(2),
        WEST(3),
        EAST(4);

        int direction;

        Direction(int direction) {
            this.direction = direction;
        }

        public int getDirection() {
            return direction;
        }
    }

• Kotlin

enum class Direction(val direction: Int) {
    NORTH(1),
    SOUTH(2),
    WEST(3),
    EAST(4);
}

完结撒花