MySQL常用Json函数

Posted 2021-08-29 正怒月神

转载：https://www.cnblogs.com/waterystone/p/5626098.html

写的很棒！

官方文档：JSON Functions

Name	Description
JSON_APPEND()	Append data to JSON document
JSON_ARRAY()	Create JSON array
JSON_ARRAY_APPEND()	Append data to JSON document
JSON_ARRAY_INSERT()	Insert into JSON array
->	Return value from JSON column after evaluating path; equivalent to JSON_EXTRACT().
JSON_CONTAINS()	Whether JSON document contains specific object at path
JSON_CONTAINS_PATH()	Whether JSON document contains any data at path
JSON_DEPTH()	Maximum depth of JSON document
JSON_EXTRACT()	Return data from JSON document
->>	Return value from JSON column after evaluating path and unquoting the result; equivalent to JSON_UNQUOTE(JSON_EXTRACT()).
JSON_INSERT()	Insert data into JSON document
JSON_KEYS()	Array of keys from JSON document
JSON_LENGTH()	Number of elements in JSON document
JSON_MERGE()	Merge JSON documents
JSON_OBJECT()	Create JSON object
JSON_QUOTE()	Quote JSON document
JSON_REMOVE()	Remove data from JSON document
JSON_REPLACE()	Replace values in JSON document
JSON_SEARCH()	Path to value within JSON document
JSON_SET()	Insert data into JSON document
JSON_TYPE()	Type of JSON value
JSON_UNQUOTE()	Unquote JSON value
JSON_VALID()	Whether JSON value is valid

1. 概述

mysql里的json分为json array和json object。 $表示整个json对象，在索引数据时用下标(对于json array，从0开始)或键值(对于json object，含有特殊字符的key要用"括起来，比如$."my name")。

例如：[3, {"a": [5, 6], "b": 10}, [99, 100]]，那么：

$[0]：3

$[1]： {"a": [5, 6], "b": 10}

$[2] ：[99, 100]

$[3] ： NULL

$[1].a：[5, 6]

$[1].a[1]：6

$[1].b：10

$[2][0]：99

2. 比较规则

json中的数据可以用 =, <, <=, >, >=, <>, !=, and <=> 进行比较。但json里的数据类型可以是多样的，那么在不同类型之间进行比较时，就有优先级了，高优先级的要大于低优先级的（可以用JSON_TYPE()函数查看类型）。优先级从高到低如下：

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BLOB BIT OPAQUE DATETIME TIME DATE BOOLEAN ARRAY OBJECT STRING INTEGER, DOUBLE NULL

　　

3. 常用函数

3.1 创建函数

3.1.1 JSON_ARRAY

JSON_ARRAY(val1,val2,val3...)

生成一个包含指定元素的json数组。

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mysql>SELECT JSON_ARRAY(1,"abc",NULL,TRUE, CURTIME()); +---------------------------------------------+ | JSON_ARRAY(1,"abc",NULL,TRUE, CURTIME()) | +---------------------------------------------+ | [1,"abc",null,true,"11:30:24.000000"]   | +---------------------------------------------+

　　

3.1.2 JSON_OBJECT

JSON_OBJECT(key1,val1,key2,val2...)

生成一个包含指定K-V对的json object。如果有key为NULL或参数个数为奇数，则抛错。

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mysql>SELECT JSON_OBJECT('id', 87,'name','carrot'); +-----------------------------------------+ | JSON_OBJECT('id', 87,'name','carrot') | +-----------------------------------------+ | {"id": 87,"name":"carrot"}            | +-----------------------------------------+

3.1.3 JSON_QUOTE

JSON_QUOTE(json_val)

将json_val用"号括起来。

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mysql>SELECT JSON_QUOTE('null'), JSON_QUOTE('"null"'); +--------------------+----------------------+ | JSON_QUOTE('null') | JSON_QUOTE('"null"') | +--------------------+----------------------+ |"null"             |"\\"null\\""           | +--------------------+----------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_QUOTE('[1, 2, 3]'); +-------------------------+ | JSON_QUOTE('[1, 2, 3]') | +-------------------------+ |"[1, 2, 3]"             | +-------------------------+

　　

3.1.4 CONVERT

CONVERT(json_string,JSON)

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mysql>select CONVERT('{"mail": "[e-mail]", "name": "Amy"}',JSON); +----------------------------------------------------------+ |CONVERT('{"mail": "[e-mail]", "name": "Amy"}',JSON) | +----------------------------------------------------------+ | {"mail":"[e-mail]","name":"Amy"}                 | +----------------------------------------------------------+

　　

3.2 查询函数　　

 3.2.1 JSON_CONTAINS

JSON_CONTAINS(json_doc, val[, path])

查询json文档是否在指定path包含指定的数据，包含则返回1，否则返回0。如果有参数为NULL或path不存在，则返回NULL。

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mysql>SET @j ='{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": {"d": 4}}'; mysql>SET @j2 ='1'; mysql>SELECT JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2,'$.a'); +-------------------------------+ | JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2,'$.a') | +-------------------------------+ |                             1 | +-------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2,'$.b'); +-------------------------------+ | JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2,'$.b') | +-------------------------------+ |                             0 | +-------------------------------+ mysql>SET @j2 ='{"d": 4}'; mysql>SELECT JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2,'$.a'); +-------------------------------+ | JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2,'$.a') | +-------------------------------+ |                             0 | +-------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2,'$.c'); +-------------------------------+ | JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2,'$.c') | +-------------------------------+ |                             1 | +-------------------------------+

　　

 3.2.2 JSON_CONTAINS_PATH

JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(json_doc, one_or_all, path[, path] ...)

查询是否存在指定路径，存在则返回1，否则返回0。如果有参数为NULL，则返回NULL。

one_or_all只能取值"one"或"all"，one表示只要有一个存在即可；all表示所有的都存在才行。

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mysql>SET @j ='{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": {"d": 4}}'; mysql>SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j,'one','$.a','$.e'); +---------------------------------------------+ | JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j,'one','$.a','$.e') | +---------------------------------------------+ |                                           1 | +---------------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j,'all','$.a','$.e'); +---------------------------------------------+ | JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j,'all','$.a','$.e') | +---------------------------------------------+ |                                           0 | +---------------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j,'one','$.c.d'); +----------------------------------------+ | JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j,'one','$.c.d') | +----------------------------------------+ |                                      1 | +----------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j,'one','$.a.d'); +----------------------------------------+ | JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j,'one','$.a.d') | +----------------------------------------+ |                                      0 | +----------------------------------------+

　

3.2.3 JSON_EXTRACT

JSON_EXTRACT(json_doc, path[, path] ...)

从json文档里抽取数据。如果有参数有NULL或path不存在，则返回NULL。如果抽取出多个path，则返回的数据封闭在一个json array里。

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mysql>SELECT JSON_EXTRACT('[10, 20, [30, 40]]','$[1]'); +--------------------------------------------+ | JSON_EXTRACT('[10, 20, [30, 40]]','$[1]') | +--------------------------------------------+ | 20                                         | +--------------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_EXTRACT('[10, 20, [30, 40]]','$[1]','$[0]'); +----------------------------------------------------+ | JSON_EXTRACT('[10, 20, [30, 40]]','$[1]','$[0]') | +----------------------------------------------------+ | [20, 10]                                           | +----------------------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_EXTRACT('[10, 20, [30, 40]]','$[2][*]'); +-----------------------------------------------+ | JSON_EXTRACT('[10, 20, [30, 40]]','$[2][*]') | +-----------------------------------------------+ | [30, 40]                                      | +-----------------------------------------------+

在MySQL 5.7.9+里可以用"->"替代。

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mysql>SELECT c, JSON_EXTRACT(c,"$.id"), g      >FROM jemp      >WHERE JSON_EXTRACT(c,"$.id") > 1      >ORDER BY JSON_EXTRACT(c,"$.name"); +-------------------------------+-----------+------+ | c                             | c->"$.id" | g    | +-------------------------------+-----------+------+ | {"id":"3","name":"Barney"} |"3"       |    3 | | {"id":"4","name":"Betty"}  |"4"       |    4 | | {"id":"2","name":"Wilma"}  |"2"       |    2 | +-------------------------------+-----------+------+ 3rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>SELECT c, c->"$.id", g      >FROM jemp      >WHERE c->"$.id" > 1      >ORDER BY c->"$.name"; +-------------------------------+-----------+------+ | c                             | c->"$.id" | g    | +-------------------------------+-----------+------+ | {"id":"3","name":"Barney"} |"3"       |    3 | | {"id":"4","name":"Betty"}  |"4"       |    4 | | {"id":"2","name":"Wilma"}  |"2"       |    2 | +-------------------------------+-----------+------+ 3rows in set (0.00 sec)

　　

在MySQL 5.7.13+，还可以用"->>"表示去掉抽取结果的"号，下面三种效果是一样的：

• JSON_UNQUOTE( JSON_EXTRACT(column, path) )
• JSON_UNQUOTE(column -> path)
• column->>path

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mysql>SELECT *FROM jempWHERE g > 2; +-------------------------------+------+ | c                             | g    | +-------------------------------+------+ | {"id":"3","name":"Barney"} |    3 | | {"id":"4","name":"Betty"}  |    4 | +-------------------------------+------+ 2rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql>SELECT c->'$.name' AS name         ->    FROM jempWHERE g > 2; +----------+ |name     | +----------+ |"Barney" | |"Betty"  | +----------+ 2rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>SELECT JSON_UNQUOTE(c->'$.name')AS name     ->    FROM jempWHERE g > 2; +--------+ |name   | +--------+ | Barney | | Betty  | +--------+ 2rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>SELECT c->>'$.name' AS name     ->    FROM jempWHERE g > 2; +--------+ |name   | +--------+ | Barney | | Betty  | +--------+ 2rows in set (0.00 sec)

　

3.2.4 JSON_KEYS

JSON_KEYS(json_doc[, path])

获取json文档在指定路径下的所有键值，返回一个json array。如果有参数为NULL或path不存在，则返回NULL。

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mysql>SELECT JSON_KEYS('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}'); +---------------------------------------+ | JSON_KEYS('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}') | +---------------------------------------+ | ["a","b"]                            | +---------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_KEYS('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}','$.b'); +----------------------------------------------+ | JSON_KEYS('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}','$.b') | +----------------------------------------------+ | ["c"]                                        | +----------------------------------------------+

　　

3.2.5 JSON_SEARCH

JSON_SEARCH(json_doc, one_or_all, search_str[, escape_char[, path] ...])

查询包含指定字符串的paths，并作为一个json array返回。如果有参数为NUL或path不存在，则返回NULL。

one_or_all："one"表示查询到一个即返回；"all"表示查询所有。

search_str：要查询的字符串。 可以用LIKE里的'%'或‘_’匹配。

path：在指定path下查。

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mysql>SET @j ='["abc", [{"k": "10"}, "def"], {"x":"abc"}, {"y":"bcd"}]'; mysql>SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j,'one','abc'); +-------------------------------+ | JSON_SEARCH(@j,'one','abc') | +-------------------------------+ |"$[0]"                        | +-------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','abc'); +-------------------------------+ | JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','abc') | +-------------------------------+ | ["$[0]","$[2].x"]            | +-------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','ghi'); +-------------------------------+ | JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','ghi') | +-------------------------------+ |NULL                          | +-------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','10'); +------------------------------+ | JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','10') | +------------------------------+ |"$[1][0].k"                  | +------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','10',NULL,'$'); +-----------------------------------------+ | JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','10',NULL,'$') | +-----------------------------------------+ |"$[1][0].k"                             | +-----------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','10',NULL,'$[*]'); +--------------------------------------------+ | JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','10',NULL,'$[*]') | +--------------------------------------------+ |"$[1][0].k"                                | +--------------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','10',NULL,'$**.k'); +---------------------------------------------+ | JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','10',NULL,'$**.k') | +---------------------------------------------+ |"$[1][0].k"                                 | +---------------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','10',NULL,'$[*][0].k'); +-------------------------------------------------+ | JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','10',NULL,'$[*][0].k') | +-------------------------------------------------+ |"$[1][0].k"                                     | +-------------------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','10',NULL,'$[1]'); +--------------------------------------------+ | JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','10',NULL,'$[1]') | +--------------------------------------------+ |"$[1][0].k"                                | +--------------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','10',NULL,'$[1][0]'); +-----------------------------------------------+ | JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','10',NULL,'$[1][0]') | +-----------------------------------------------+ |"$[1][0].k"                                   | +-----------------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','abc',NULL,'$[2]'); +---------------------------------------------+ | JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','abc',NULL,'$[2]') | +---------------------------------------------+ |"$[2].x"                                    | +---------------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','%a%'); +-------------------------------+ | JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','%a%') | +-------------------------------+ | ["$[0]","$[2].x"]            | +-------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','%b%'); +-------------------------------+ | JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','%b%') | +-------------------------------+ | ["$[0]","$[2].x","$[3].y"]  | +-------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','%b%',NULL,'$[0]'); +---------------------------------------------+ | JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','%b%',NULL,'$[0]') | +---------------------------------------------+ |"$[0]"                                      | +---------------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','%b%',NULL,'$[2]'); +---------------------------------------------+ | JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','%b%',NULL,'$[2]') | +---------------------------------------------+ |"$[2].x"                                    | +---------------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','%b%',NULL,'$[1]'); +---------------------------------------------+ | JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','%b%',NULL,'$[1]') | +---------------------------------------------+ |NULL                                        | +---------------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','%b%','','$[1]'); +-------------------------------------------+ | JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','%b%','','$[1]') | +-------------------------------------------+ |NULL                                      | +-------------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','%b%','','$[3]'); +-------------------------------------------+ | JSON_SEARCH(@j,'all','%b%','','$[3]') | +-------------------------------------------+ |"$[3].y"                                  | +-------------------------------------------+

　　

3.3 修改函数

3.3.1 JSON_APPEND/JSON_ARRAY_APPEND

JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] ...)

在指定path的json array尾部追加val。如果指定path是一个json object，则将其封装成一个json array再追加。如果有参数为NULL，则返回NULL。

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mysql>SET @j ='["a", ["b", "c"], "d"]'; mysql>SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j,'$[1]', 1); +----------------------------------+ | JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j,'$[1]', 1) | +----------------------------------+ | ["a", ["b","c", 1],"d"]        | +----------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j,'$[0]', 2); +----------------------------------+ | JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j,'$[0]', 2) | +----------------------------------+ | [["a", 2], ["b","c"],"d"]      | +----------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j,'$[1][0]', 3); +-------------------------------------+ | JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j,'$[1][0]', 3) | +-------------------------------------+ | ["a", [["b", 3],"c"],"d"]         | +-------------------------------------+ mysql>SET @j ='{"a": 1, "b": [2, 3], "c": 4}'; mysql>SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j,'$.b','x'); +------------------------------------+ | JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j,'$.b','x')  | +------------------------------------+ | {"a": 1,"b": [2, 3,"x"],"c": 4} | +------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j,'$.c','y'); +--------------------------------------+ | JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j,'$.c','y')    | +--------------------------------------+ | {"a": 1,"b": [2, 3],"c": [4,"y"]} | +--------------------------------------+ mysql>SET @j ='{"a": 1}'; mysql>SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j,'$','z'); +---------------------------------+ | JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j,'$','z') | +---------------------------------+ | [{"a": 1},"z"]                 | +---------------------------------+

　　

3.3.2 JSON_ARRAY_INSERT

JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] ...)

 在path指定的json array元素插入val，原位置及以右的元素顺次右移。如果path指定的数据非json array元素，则略过此val；如果指定的元素下标超过json array的长度，则插入尾部。

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mysql>SET @j ='["a", {"b": [1, 2]}, [3, 4]]'; mysql>SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j,'$[1]','x'); +------------------------------------+ | JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j,'$[1]','x') | +------------------------------------+ | ["a","x", {"b": [1, 2]}, [3, 4]]  | +------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j,'$[100]','x'); +--------------------------------------+ | JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j,'$[100]','x') | +--------------------------------------+ | ["a", {"b": [1, 2]}, [3, 4],"x"]    | +--------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j,'$[1].b[0]','x'); +-----------------------------------------+ | JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j,'$[1].b[0]','x') | +-----------------------------------------+ | ["a", {"b": ["x", 1, 2]}, [3, 4]]       | +-----------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j,'$[2][1]','y'); +---------------------------------------+ | JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j,'$[2][1]','y') | +---------------------------------------+ | ["a", {"b": [1, 2]}, [3,"y", 4]]     | +---------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j,'$[0]','x','$[2][1]','y'); +----------------------------------------------------+ | JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j,'$[0]','x','$[2][1]','y') | +----------------------------------------------------+ | ["x","a", {"b": [1, 2]}, [3, 4]]                  | +----------------------------------------------------+

　　

3.3.3 JSON_INSERT/JSON_REPLACE/JSON_SET

JSON_INSERT(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] ...)

在指定path下插入数据，如果path已存在，则忽略此val（不存在才插入）。

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mysql>SET @j ='{ "a": 1, "b": [2, 3]}'; mysql>SELECT JSON_INSERT(@j,'$.a', 10,'$.c','[true, false]'); +----------------------------------------------------+ | JSON_INSERT(@j,'$.a', 10,'$.c','[true, false]') | +----------------------------------------------------+ | {"a": 1,"b": [2, 3],"c":"[true, false]"}        | +----------------------------------------------------+

JSON_REPLACE(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] ...)

替换指定路径的数据，如果某个路径不存在则略过（存在才替换）。如果有参数为NULL，则返回NULL。

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mysql>SET @j ='{ "a": 1, "b": [2, 3]}'; mysql>SELECT JSON_REPLACE(@j,'$.a', 10,'$.c','[true, false]'); +-----------------------------------------------------+ | JSON_REPLACE(@j,'$.a', 10,'$.c','[true, false]') | +-----------------------------------------------------+ | {"a": 10,"b": [2, 3]}                              | +-----------------------------------------------------+

JSON_SET(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] ...)

设置指定路径的数据（不管是否存在）。如果有参数为NULL，则返回NULL。

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mysql>SET @j ='{ "a": 1, "b": [2, 3]}'; mysql>SELECT JSON_SET(@j,'$.a', 10,'$.c','[true, false]'); +-------------------------------------------------+ | JSON_SET(@j,'$.a', 10,'$.c','[true, false]') | +-------------------------------------------------+ | {"a": 10,"b": [2, 3],"c":"[true, false]"}    | +-------------------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_INSERT(@j,'$.a', 10,'$.c','[true, false]'); +----------------------------------------------------+ | JSON_INSERT(@j,'$.a', 10,'$.c','[true, false]') | +----------------------------------------------------+ | {"a": 1,"b": [2, 3],"c":"[true, false]"}        | +----------------------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_REPLACE(@j,'$.a', 10,'$.c','[true, false]'); +-----------------------------------------------------+ | JSON_REPLACE(@j,'$.a', 10,'$.c','[true, false]') | +-----------------------------------------------------+ | {"a": 10,"b": [2, 3]}                              | +-----------------------------------------------------+

　　

3.3.4 JSON_MERGE

JSON_MERGE(json_doc, json_doc[, json_doc] ...)

merge多个json文档。规则如下：

• 如果都是json array，则结果自动merge为一个json array；
• 如果都是json object，则结果自动merge为一个json object；
• 如果有多种类型，则将非json array的元素封装成json array再按照规则一进行mege。

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mysql>SELECT JSON_MERGE('[1, 2]','[true, false]'); +---------------------------------------+ | JSON_MERGE('[1, 2]','[true, false]') | +---------------------------------------+ | [1, 2,true,false]                   | +---------------------------------------+ mysql>SELECT JSON_MERGE('{"name": "x"}','{"id": 47}'); +-------------------------------------------+以上是关于MySQL常用Json函数的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章 C#常用代码片段备忘 MySQL常用Json函数 MySQL常用Json函数 21个常用代码片段 常用Javascript代码片段集锦 nodejs常用代码片段