HttpClient（4.5） post get https 实例

Posted 2022-02-12 OkidoGreen

关于超时时间设置的问题：

1. connectTimeOut：指建立连接的超时时间，比较容易理解
2. connectionRequestTimeOut：指从连接池获取到连接的超时时间，如果是非连接池的话，该参数暂时没有发现有什么用处

3. socketTimeOut：指客户端和服务进行数据交互的时间，是指两者之间如果两个数据包之间的时间大于该时间则认为超时，而不是整个交互的整体时间，比如如果设置1秒超时，如果每隔0.8秒传输一次数据，传输10次，总共8秒，这样是不超时的。而如果任意两个数据包之间的时间超过了1秒，则超时。

同时，当访问不了时，会自动触发默认的重试机制3次，所以如果在需要快速响应的场景，可以重写默认的重试机制，改为0次。

参见：https://blog.csdn.net/z69183787/article/details/79010205

maven：

<httpcore.version>4.4.1</httpcore.version>
<httpclient.version>4.5</httpclient.version>

<!-- http client -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>$httpclient.version</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
            <version>$httpcore.version</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
            <version>$httpclient.version</version>
        </dependency>

Java：

import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.Header;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.client.config.AuthSchemes;
import org.apache.http.client.config.CookieSpecs;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.*;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2015/11/28.
 */
public class HttpClientUtil 
    private static HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
    private static RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(120000).setSocketTimeout(60000)
            .setConnectionRequestTimeout(60000).setCookieSpec(CookieSpecs.STANDARD_STRICT).
                    setExpectContinueEnabled(true).
                    setTargetPreferredAuthSchemes(Arrays.asList(AuthSchemes.NTLM, AuthSchemes.DIGEST)).
                    setProxyPreferredAuthSchemes(Arrays.asList(AuthSchemes.BASIC)).build();

    //https
    private static SSLConnectionSocketFactory socketFactory;
    private static TrustManager manager = new X509TrustManager() 

        @Override
        public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException 

        

        @Override
        public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException 

        

        @Override
        public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() 
            return null;
        
    ;

    private static void enableSSL() 
        try 
            SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
            sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]manager, null);
            socketFactory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE);
         catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
         catch (KeyManagementException e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
        
    

    /**
     * https get
     * @param url
     * @param data
     * @return
     * @throws java.io.IOException
     */
    public static CloseableHttpResponse doHttpsGet(String url, String data)
        enableSSL();
        Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
                .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE).register("https", socketFactory).build();
        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connectionManager)
                .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try 
            response = httpClient.execute(httpGet, context);
        catch (Exception e)
            e.printStackTrace();
        

        return response;
    

    /**
     * https post
     * @param url
     * @param values
     * @return
     * @throws java.io.IOException
     */
    public static CloseableHttpResponse doHttpsPost(String url, List<NameValuePair> values) 
        enableSSL();
        Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
                .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE).register("https", socketFactory).build();
        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connectionManager)
                .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(values, Consts.UTF_8);
        httpPost.setEntity(entity);
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try 
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost, context);
        catch (Exception e)
        return response;
    

    /**
     * http get
     *
     * @param url
     * @param data
     * @return
     */
    public static CloseableHttpResponse doGet(String url, String data) 
        CookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().
                setKeepAliveStrategy(new DefaultConnectionKeepAliveStrategy()).
                setRedirectStrategy(new DefaultRedirectStrategy()).setDefaultHeaders(new ArrayList<Header>()).
                setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore).
                setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();

        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
        //httpGet.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try 
            response = httpClient.execute(httpGet, context);
        catch (Exception e)
        return response;
    

    /**
     * http post
     *
     * @param url
     * @param values
     * @return
     */
    public static CloseableHttpResponse doPost(String url, List<NameValuePair> values) 
        CookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().
                setKeepAliveStrategy(new DefaultConnectionKeepAliveStrategy()).
                setRedirectStrategy(new DefaultRedirectStrategy()).
                setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore).
                setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();

        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(values, Consts.UTF_8);
        httpPost.setEntity(entity);
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try 
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost, context);
        catch (Exception e)
        return response;
    

    public static CloseableHttpResponse doJsonPost(String url,String json)
        CookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().
                setKeepAliveStrategy(new DefaultConnectionKeepAliveStrategy()).
                setRedirectStrategy(new DefaultRedirectStrategy()).
                setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore).
                setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();

        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse;
        StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json,"utf-8");//解决中文乱码问题    
     httpPost.setEntity(entity);
        httpPost.addHeader(HTTP.CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json");
        httpPost.addHeader("charset", "utf-8");
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try 
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost, context);
        catch (Exception e)
        return response;
    


    /**
     * 直接把Response内的Entity内容转换成String
     *
     * @param httpResponse
     * @return
     */
    public static String toString(CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse) 
        // 获取响应消息实体
        String result = null;
        try 
            HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
            if (entity != null) 
                result = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8");
            
        catch (Exception e)finally 
            try 
                httpResponse.close();
             catch (IOException e) 
                e.printStackTrace();
            
        
        return result;
    

    public static void main(String[] args)
        CloseableHttpResponse response = HttpClientUtil.doHttpsGet("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=wxb2ebe42765aad029&secret=720661590f720b1f501ab3f390f80d52","");
        System.out.println(HttpClientUtil.toString(response));
    

 /**
     * http post
     *
     * @param url
     * @param values
     * @return
     */
    public static String doHttpPost(String url, List<NameValuePair> values) 
        String result = null;
        CookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().
                setKeepAliveStrategy(new DefaultConnectionKeepAliveStrategy()).
                setRedirectStrategy(new DefaultRedirectStrategy()).
                setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore).
                setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();

        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(values, Consts.UTF_8);
        httpPost.setEntity(entity);
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try 
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost, context);
            int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) 
                HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
                result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity);
                // 消耗掉response
                EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);
            
         catch (Exception e) 
            logger.info("doHttpPost",e);
        finally 
            HttpClientUtils.closeQuietly(response);
            HttpClientUtils.closeQuietly(httpClient);
        
        return result;
    

https + 连接池：

http与https均可以请求及访问

import org.apache.commons.collections.MapUtils;
import org.apache.http.*;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class HttpsUtils 
    private static final String HTTP = "http";
    private static final String HTTPS = "https";
    private static SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = null;
    private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = null;
    private static SSLContextBuilder builder = null;
    private static HttpRequestRetryHandler myRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler() 
        @Override
        public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception,
                                    int executionCount, HttpContext context) 
            return false;
        ;
    static 
        try 
            builder = new SSLContextBuilder();
            // 全部信任 不做身份鉴定
            builder.loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() 
                @Override
                public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException 
                    return true;
                
            );
            sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(builder.build(), new String[]"SSLv2Hello", "SSLv3", "TLSv1", "TLSv1.2", null, NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE);
            Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
                    .register(HTTP, new PlainConnectionSocketFactory())
                    .register(HTTPS, sslsf)
                    .build();
            cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
            cm.setMaxTotal(200);//max connection
         catch (Exception e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
        
    
    /**
     * httpClient post请求
     * @param url 请求url
     * @param header 头部信息
     * @param param 请求参数 form提交适用
     * @param entity 请求实体 json/xml提交适用
     * @return 可能为空 需要处理
     * @throws Exception
     *
     */
    public static String post(String  url, Map<String, String> header, Map<String, String> param, HttpEntity entity) throws Exception 
        String result = "";
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        try 
            httpClient = getHttpClient();
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            // 设置头信息
            if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(header)) 
                for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : header.entrySet()) 
                    httpPost.addHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
                
            
            // 设置请求参数
            if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(param)) 
                List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
                for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : param.entrySet()) 
                    //给参数赋值
                    formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
                
                UrlEncodedFormEntity urlEncodedFormEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, Consts.UTF_8);
                httpPost.setEntity(urlEncodedFormEntity);
            
            // 设置实体 优先级高
            if (entity != null) 
                httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            
            HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            int statusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) 
                HttpEntity resEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
                result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity);
             else 
                readHttpResponse(httpResponse);
            
         catch (Exception e) throw e;
         finally 
            if (httpClient != null) 
                httpClient.close();
            
        
        return result;
    

    public static String get(String  url, Map<String, String> header) throws Exception 
        String result = "";
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        try 
            httpClient = getHttpClient();
            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
            // 设置头信息
            if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(header)) 
                for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : header.entrySet()) 
                    httpGet.addHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
                
            
            HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            int statusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) 
                HttpEntity resEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
                result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity);
             else 
                readHttpResponse(httpResponse);
            
         catch (Exception e) throw e;
         finally 
            if (httpClient != null) 
                httpClient.close();
            
        
        return result;
    

    public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() throws Exception 
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
                .setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf)
                .setConnectionManager(cm).setRetryHandler(myRetryHandler)
                .setConnectionManagerShared(true)
                .build();
        return httpClient;
    
    public static String readHttpResponse(HttpResponse httpResponse)
            throws ParseException, IOException 
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        // 获取响应消息实体
        HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
        // 响应状态
        builder.append("status:" + httpResponse.getStatusLine());
        builder.append("headers:");
        HeaderIterator iterator = httpResponse.headerIterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) 
            builder.append("\\t" + iterator.next());
        
        // 判断响应实体是否为空
        if (entity != null) 
            String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
            builder.append("response length:" + responseString.length());
            builder.append("response content:" + responseString.replace("\\r\\n", ""));
        
        return builder.toString();