MySQL数据库安装及数据库创建

Posted 2021-03-17 zutanhongke

1.下载安装包
cd
mkdir download
cd download
wget -c -m -O mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2.创建用户和组
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql

3.解压到指定目录
cd
cd download
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
cd /usr/local/
ln -s mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

4.配置PATH
echo “export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin” >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

5.数据库目录规划
文件类型 实例3306 软链
数据datadir /usr/local/mysql/data /data/mysql/data
参数文件my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf
错误日志log-error /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_error.log
二进制日志log-bin /usr/local/mysql/binlogs/mysql-bin /data/mysql/binlogs/mysql-bin
慢查询日志slow_query_log_file /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_slow_query.log
套接字socket文件 /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock
pid文件 /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.pid
备注：考虑到数据和二进制日志比较大，需要软链

创建目录并赋权给MySQL用户
mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,binlogs,log,etc,run}
ln -s /data/mysql/data /usr/local/mysql/data
ln -s /data/mysql/binlogs /usr/local/mysql/binlogs
ln -s /data/mysql/log /usr/local/mysql/log
ln -s /data/mysql/etc /usr/local/mysql/etc
ln -s /data/mysql/run /usr/local/mysql/run
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/{data,binlogs,log,etc,run}

也可以只对数据目录和二进制日志目录软链
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/{log,etc,run}
mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,binlogs}
ln -s /data/mysql/data /usr/local/mysql/data
ln -s /data/mysql/binlogs /usr/local/mysql/binlogs
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/{data,binlogs,log,etc,run}
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql

6.配置my.cnf参数文件
删除系统自带的my.cnf
rm -f /etc/my.cnf

在/usr/local/mysql/etc/下创建my.cnf文件，加入如下参数，其他参数根据需要配置
vi /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock
pid_file = /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
max_allowed_packet = 512M
max_connections = 2048
open_files_limit = 65535

skip-name-resolve
lower_case_table_names=1

character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect=’SET NAMES utf8mb4′

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M
innodb_log_file_size = 2048M
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0

key_buffer_size = 64M

log-error = /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_error.log
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/binlogs/mysql-bin
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_slow_query.log
long_query_time = 5

tmp_table_size = 32M
max_heap_table_size = 32M
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_size = 0

server-id=1

7.初始化数据库
执行：
mysqld –initialize –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

在日志文件里会提示一个临时密码，记录这个密码
grep ‘temporary password’ /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_error.log
[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: password

8.生成ssl
mysql_ssl_rsa_setup –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

9.设置启动项
CentOS 6
cd /usr/local/mysql
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
chkconfig –add mysql.server
chkconfig mysql.server on
chkconfig –list

CentOS 7
cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
touch mysqld.service
编辑内容如下

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service

# Copyright (c) 2015, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
#
# systemd service file for MySQL forking server
#

[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql

Type=forking

PIDFile=/usr/local/mysql/run/mysqld.pid

# Disable service start and stop timeout logic of systemd for mysqld service.
TimeoutSec=0

# Execute pre and post scripts as root
PermissionsStartOnly=true

# Needed to create system tables
#ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd

# Start main service
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –daemonize –pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/run/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS
# other: ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf

# Use this to switch malloc implementation
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql

# Sets open_files_limit
LimitNOFILE = 65535

Restart=on-failure

RestartPreventExitStatus=1

PrivateTmp=false

加载
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable mysqld.service
systemctl is-enabled mysqld

10. 启动mysql
systemctl start mysqld

11. Securing the Initial MySQL Accounts
重置密码(上一步已经重置过了 这次可以忽略)
删除匿名用户
关闭root用户的远程登录
删除测试数据库

$ /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root:

The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.

New password:

Re-enter new password:

VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords
and improve security. It checks the strength of password
and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin?

Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: Y

There are three levels of password validation policy:

LOW Length >= 8
MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters
STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary file

Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 2
Using existing password for root.

Estimated strength of the password: 100
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N

… skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
Success.

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
‘localhost’. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
Success.

By default, MySQL comes with a database named ‘test’ that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.

Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
– Dropping test database…
Success.

– Removing privileges on test database…
Success.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
Success.

All done!

12.Populating the Time Zone Tables
导入时区信息
$mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/share/zoneinfo | mysql -u root -p mysql

13.测试
#mysqladmin version -uroot -p
Enter password:
mysqladmin Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.7.20, for linux-glibc2.5 on x86_64
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Server version 5.7.20-log
Protocol version 10
Connection Localhost via UNIX socket
UNIX socket /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock
Uptime: 4 min 0 sec

Threads: 1 Questions: 8681 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 122 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 103 Queries per second avg: 36.170

查看变量
$ mysqladmin variables -uroot -p

14.开放3306端口
##Add
firewall-cmd –permanent –zone=public –add-port=3306/tcp
firewall-cmd –permanent –zone=public –add-port=3306/udp
##Reload
firewall-cmd –reload

## 检查是否生效
firewall-cmd –zone=public –query-port=3306/tcp

## 列出所有的开放端口
firewall-cmd –list-all

15.登陆创建数据库
mysql -uroot -p
passwd
show databases;
create database football default character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
use information_schema;
grant all on football.* to socer@”%” identified by “Abc1234!”;
grant select on *.* to socer@”%” identified by “Abc1234!”;

FQ：数据库中创建函数时候错误解决
1、Error Code: 1227. Access denied; you need (at least one of) the SUPER privilege(s) for this operation
— 查看是否开启创建函数的功能
show variables like ‘%func%’;
— 开启创建函数的功能
set global log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES

2、[Err] 1055 – Expression #1 of ORDER BY clause is not in GROUP BY clause and contains nonaggregated column ‘information_schema.PROFILING.SEQ’ which is not functionally dependent on columns in GROUP BY clause; this is incompatible with sql_mode=only_full_gr

a. 使用find命令查找名为my.cnf的文件
# find / -name my.cnf
b. 使用vi命令编辑该文件，增加以下语句：
vi /data/mysql/etc/my.cnf
sql_mode=’STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION’
最终部分代码如下所示：
character-set-server=utf8mb4
lower_case_table_names=1

skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve

sql_mode=’STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION’

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4