第16章MySQL数据库安装,排错及删除

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第16章mysql数据库安装与实现

 

16.1 安装MySQL

创建用户组和相应的虚拟用户

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost ~]# useradd mysql -g mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin
[root@localhost ~]# id mysql
uid=1004(mysql) gid=1004(mysql) 组=1004(mysql)

  

安装MySQL的软件

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /home/girl/tools
[root@localhost ~]# cd /home/girl/tools
 [root@localhost tools]# rz -y
rz waiting to receive.
 zmodem trl+C ȡ
 
  100%   23480 KB 23480 KB/s 00:00:01       0 Errors
 [root@localhost tools]# tar xf mysql-5.1.72.tar.gz
[root@localhost tools]# ls
lrzsz-0.12.20  lrzsz-0.12.20.tar.gz  mysql-5.1.72  mysql-5.1.72.tar.gz
[root@localhost tools]# ls -l
总用量 23768
drwxrwxrwx  9  406 disk      4096 10月 24 05:33 lrzsz-0.12.20
-rw-r--r--  1 root root    280938 12月 31 1998 lrzsz-0.12.20.tar.gz
drwxrwxrwx 32 7155 wheel     4096 9月  10 2013 mysql-5.1.72
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  24044338 10月 24 2019 mysql-5.1.72.tar.gz

  

配置文件

./configure \\
--prefix=/application/mysql5.1.72/data \\
--with-unix-socket-path=/application/mysql5.1.72/tmp/mysql.sock \\
--localstatedir=/application/mysql5.1.72/data \\
--enable-assembler \\
--enable-thread-safe-client \\
--with-mysqld-user=mysql \\
--with-big-tables  \\
--without-debug \\
--with-pthread \\
--enable-assembler \\
--with-extra-charsets=complex \\
--with-readline \\
--with-ssl \\
--with-embedded-server \\
--enable-local-infile \\
--with-plugins=partition,innobase \\
--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static \\
--with-client-ldflags=-all-static
#--with-plugin-PLUGIN \\

  

出现如下图:就可以安装了make && make install

 

 

 

 

创建软链接

[root@localhost mysql-5.1.72]# ln -s  /application/mysql5.1.72/ /application/mysql
[root@localhost mysql-5.1.72]# ll /application/mysql/

总用量 12

drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 10月 24 10:20 bin

drwxr-xr-x  9 root root   99 10月 25 04:31 data

drwxr-xr-x  3 root root   18 10月 24 10:20 include

drwxr-xr-x  3 root root   18 10月 24 10:20 lib

drwxr-xr-x  2 root root   38 10月 24 10:21 libexec

drwxr-xr-x  3 root root   17 10月 24 06:53 man

drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 10月 24 10:21 mysql-test

drwxr-xr-x  7 root root   66 10月 24 10:21 share

drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 10月 24 10:21 sql-bench

  

 

 

 

16.2 MySQL数据库启动

查看配置文件。下面五个文件都是数据库的配置文件,

[root@localhost tools]# ls mysql-5.1.72/support-files/my*.cnf
mysql-5.1.72/support-files/my-huge.cnf
mysql-5.1.72/support-files/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
mysql-5.1.72/support-files/my-large.cnf
mysql-5.1.72/support-files/my-medium.cnf
mysql-5.1.72/support-files/my-small.cnf

  

将文件复制到my.cnf(my-small.cnf为默认配置文件名 /etc/my.cnf 为默认配置路径  )

[root@localhost tools]# cd mysql-5.1.72/support-files/
[root@localhost support-files]# cp my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf   
cp:是否覆盖"/etc/my.cnf"? \\y
[root@localhost support-files]#

  

创建存放数据库文件的地方

[root@localhost support-files]# mkdir /application/mysql/data -p
[root@localhost support-files]#  chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/
#/application/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db(数据库中的文件) 
--basedir=/application/mysql          (原始目录存放地址)
--datadir=/application/mysql/data/   (生成的数据文件地址)
--user=mysql                     (所用额数据用户初始化)
[root@localhost support-files]# /application/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql

  

出现两个ok且没有报错就说明成功

 

完成后生成两个库,MySQL的库是系统文件库,不能够轻易删除,而test为测试库,可以删除。

[root@localhost support-files]# ll /application/mysql/data/
总用量 4
drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 10月 26 00:58 mysql
drwx------ 2 mysql root    6 10月 26 00:58 test

  

启动数据库

[root@localhost support-files]# cp mysql.server.sh /etc/init.d/mysqld  (启动脚本)
[root@localhost support-files]# chkconfig --add mysqld  (添加管理)
[root@localhost support-files]# chkconfig mysqld on     (启动)
[root@localhost support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld  (授权启动)

  

启动数据库

[root@localhost support-files]# cd /application/mysql/bin
[root@localhost bin]# cd ..
[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysqld_safe &
[1] 72588
[root@localhost mysql]# 191026 01:28:55 mysqld_safe Logging to \'/application/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err\'.
191026 01:28:55 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /application/mysql/data

  

检测是否成功,查看端口,成功

[root@localhost mysql]# netstat -lntup|grep mysql
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      72691/mysqld  

  

设置密码

[root@localhost mysql]# /application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password \'zxc123\'

  

#设置完密码之后,就登陆不进去了

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user \'root\'@\'localhost\' (using password: NO)

  

#使用用户名和密码进行登陆

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -pzxc123
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.1.72 Source distribution
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql>

  

 

16.3 MySQL数据库应用

进入MySQL数据库

(全路径的进入)

[root@localhost ~]# /application/mysql/bin/mysql 
mysql>
mysql> quit
Bye

  

(将路径加入PATH中)

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/profile
PATH="/application/mysql/bin/:$PATH"
[root@localhost ~]#grep mysql /etc/profile              PATH="/application/mysql/bin/:$PATH"
[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/profile
[root@localhost ~]# mysql        
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.1.72 Source distribution
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> q
-> ;

 

 

 

16.4 Mysql排错问题解决:

.checking for termcap functions library... configure: error: No curses/termcap library found  

解决问题:

yum list|grep ncurses
yum -y install ncurses-devel
yum install ncurses-devel

  

 

 2.../depcomp: 第 571 行:exec: g++: 未找到

make[1]: *** [my_new.o] 错误 127

make[1]: 离开目录“/home/girl/tools/mysql-5.1.72/mysys”

make: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1

 解决方法:

[root@localhost mysql-5.1.72]# yum install -y gcc-c++
已加载插件:fastestmirror

  

3.../include/my_global.h:1110:15: 错误:对 C++ 内建类型‘bool’的重声明 [-fpermissive]

 typedef char  bool; /* Ordinary boolean values 0 1 */

               ^

解决方法

make[1]: *** [my_new.o] 错误 1
make[1]: 离开目录“/home/girl/tools/mysql-5.1.72/mysys”
make: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1
解决办法,删除Mysql的文件,重新解压。[root@localhost tools]# rm -rf mysql-5.1.72

  

4.最后在启动mysql时出错,

[root@localhost support-files]#  /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &

[2] 72431

[1]   退出 1                /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

[root@localhost support-files]# /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe:行337: my_print_defaults: 未找到命令

/application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe:行343: my_print_defaults: 未找到命令

再查看端口,有的话就ok ,netstat -lntup|grep mysql

用系统提供的启动命令也没有用,最后查了一下原因, 是官方已经承认的bug,5.519以后的版本就不再出现了。

 解决办法:进入

 

[root@localhost support-files]# cd /application/mysql/bin
[root@localhost bin]# cd ..
[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysqld_safe &
[1] 72588
[root@localhost mysql]# 191026 01:28:55 mysqld_safe Logging to \'/application/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err\'.
191026 01:28:55 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /application/mysql/data
 
 

  

16.5 彻底删除mysql

1、使用以下命令查看当前安装mysql情况,查找以前是否装有mysql

 

1

rpm -qa|grep -i mysql

可以看到如下图的所示:

 

显示之前安装了:

     MySQL-client-5.5.25a-1.rhel5

     MySQL-server-5.5.25a-1.rhel5

2、停止mysql服务、删除之前安装的mysql

删除命令:rpm -e –nodeps 包名

 

1

2

rpm -ev MySQL-client-5.5.25a-1.rhel5 

rpm -ev MySQL-server-5.5.25a-1.rhel5

如果提示依赖包错误,则使用以下命令尝试

 

1

rpm -ev MySQL-client-5.5.25a-1.rhel5 --nodeps

如果提示错误:error: %preun(xxxxxx) scriptlet failed, exit status 1

则用以下命令尝试:

 

1

rpm -e --noscripts MySQL-client-5.5.25a-1.rhel5

3、查找之前老版本mysql的目录、并且删除老版本mysql的文件和库

 

1

find / -name mysql

查找结果如下:

 

1

2

3

4

5

find / -name mysql 

  

/var/lib/mysql

/var/lib/mysql/mysql

/usr/lib64/mysql

删除对应的mysql目录

 

1

2

3

rm -rf /var/lib/mysql

rm -rf /var/lib/mysql

rm -rf /usr/lib64/mysql

具体的步骤如图:查找目录并删除

 

注意:卸载后/etc/my.cnf不会删除,需要进行手工删除

 

1

rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

4、再次查找机器是否安装mysql

 

1

rpm -qa|grep -i mysql

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