转 oracle 开发 第03章 sqlplus
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目录
1.查看表结构 desc 2.编辑SQL语句 append、list、change、run 3.保存、检索并运行文件 save、get、start、edit、spool 4.格式化列 column 5.设置页面大小 pagesize 6.设置行大小 linesize 7.清除列格式 clear 8.使用变量 define 9.创建简单报表 10.帮助信息 help
1.查看表结构 desc
DESC customers;
2.编辑SQL语句 append、list、change、run
SQL> select customer_id,first_name,last_name
from customers
where customer_id = 1;
CUSTOMER_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
----------- ---------- ----------
1 John Brown
SQL> 1
1* select customer_id,first_name,last_name
SQL> append , dob --在行尾添加", dob"
1* select customer_id,first_name,last_name, dob
SQL> list --查看sqlplus缓存区所有行
1 select customer_id,first_name,last_name, dob
2 from customers
3* where customer_id = 1
SQL> change /customer_id = 1/customer_id = 2 --将最后一行"customer_id = 1"改为"customer_id = 2"
3* where customer_id = 2
SQL> run --执行sqlplus缓存区的查询，同/
1 select customer_id,first_name,last_name, dob
2 from customers
3* where customer_id = 2
CUSTOMER_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME DOB
----------- ---------- ---------- ---------
2 Cynthia Orange 05-FEB-68
SQL> / --执行sqlplus缓存区的查询，同run
CUSTOMER_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME DOB
----------- ---------- ---------- ---------
2 Cynthia Orange 05-FEB-68
3.保存、检索并运行文件 save、get、start、edit、spool
SQL> select customer_id,first_name,last_name
from customers
where customer_id = 1;
CUSTOMER_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
----------- ---------- ----------
1 John Brown
SQL> save /tmp/cust_query.sql --将sqlplus缓存区的内容保存到磁盘目录
Created file /tmp/cust_query.sql
SQL> get /tmp/cust_query.sql --将磁盘上的脚本读入sqlplus缓存区
1 select customer_id,first_name,last_name
2 from customers
3* where customer_id = 1
SQL> /
CUSTOMER_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
----------- ---------- ----------
1 John Brown
SQL> start /tmp/cust_query.sql --执行磁盘目录上的sql脚本
CUSTOMER_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
----------- ---------- ----------
1 John Brown
SQL> define _editor = ‘vim‘; --改变默认编辑器
SQL> edit --编辑sqlplus缓存区的内容
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 select customer_id,first_name,last_name
2 from customers
3* where customer_id = 2
SQL> /
CUSTOMER_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
----------- ---------- ----------
2 Cynthia Orange
SQL> spool /tmp/cust_results.txt --将sqlplus的输出结果保存到磁盘文件中
SQL> /
CUSTOMER_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
----------- ---------- ----------
2 Cynthia Orange
SQL> spool off
4.格式化列 column
column product_id format 99
column name heading product_name format a13 word_wrapped
column description format a13 word_wrapped
column price format $99.99
select product_id,name,description,price
from products
where product_id < 6;
5.设置页面大小 pagesize
set pagesize 100 --设置一页显示的行数
--页面大小最大为50000，默认14
6.设置行大小 linesize
set linesize 50 --设置一行显示的字符数，默认80
7.清除列格式 clear
column product_id clear
clear columns
8.使用变量 define
select product_id,name,price
from products
where product_id = &v_product_id; --使用变量 &v_product_id
Enter value for v_product_id: 2
old 3: where product_id = &v_product_id
new 3: where product_id = 2
PRODUCT_ID product_name PRICE
---------- ------------- -------
2 Chemistry $30.00
SQL> /
Enter value for v_product_id: 3
old 3: where product_id = &v_product_id
new 3: where product_id = 3
PRODUCT_ID product_name PRICE
---------- ------------- -------
3 Supernova $25.99
SQL> set verify off --禁止显示旧行和新行
SQL> /
Enter value for v_product_id: 4
PRODUCT_ID product_name PRICE
---------- ------------- -------
4 Tank War $13.95
SQL> set verify on --重新显示新旧行
SQL> /
Enter value for v_product_id: 1
old 3: where product_id = &v_product_id
new 3: where product_id = 1
PRODUCT_ID product_name PRICE
---------- ------------- -------
1 Modern $19.95
Science
SQL> set define ‘#‘ --修改变量定义符为‘#‘
select product_id,name,price
from products
where product_id = #v_product_id;
Enter value for v_product_id: 4
old 3: where product_id = #v_product_id
new 3: where product_id = 4
PRODUCT_ID product_name PRICE
---------- ------------- -------
4 Tank War $13.95
SQL> set define ‘&‘ --将变量定义符改回‘&‘
select name,&v_col
from &v_table
where &v_col = &v_val; --使用变量替换表名和列名
Enter value for v_col: product_type_id
old 1: select name,&v_col
new 1: select name,product_type_id
Enter value for v_table: products
old 2: from &v_table
new 2: from products
Enter value for v_col: product_type_id
Enter value for v_val: 1
old 3: where &v_col = &v_val
new 3: where product_type_id = 1
select name,&&v_col
from &v_table
where &&v_col = &v_val; --使用&&避免重复输入变量
Enter value for v_col: product_type_id
old 1: select name,&&v_col
new 1: select name,product_type_id
Enter value for v_table: products
old 2: from &v_table
new 2: from products
Enter value for v_val: 1
old 3: where &&v_col = &v_val
new 3: where product_type_id = 1
SQL> define v_product_id = 4 --使用define命令定义变量
SQL> define v_product_id
DEFINE V_PRODUCT_ID = "4" (CHAR)
SQL>
select product_id,name,price
from products
3 where product_id = &v_product_id;
old 3: where product_id = &v_product_id
new 3: where product_id = 4
PRODUCT_ID product_name PRICE
---------- ------------- -------
4 Tank War $13.95
SQL> define
DEFINE _DATE = "06-JAN-16" (CHAR)
DEFINE _CONNECT_IDENTIFIER = "unicode" (CHAR)
DEFINE _USER = "STORE" (CHAR)
DEFINE _PRIVILEGE = "" (CHAR)
DEFINE _SQLPLUS_RELEASE = "1102000400" (CHAR)
DEFINE _EDITOR = "ed" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_VERSION = "Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_RELEASE = "1102000400" (CHAR)
DEFINE V_COL = "product_type_id" (CHAR)
DEFINE V_PRODUCT_ID = "4" (CHAR)
SQL> accept v_customer_id number format 99 prompt ‘Customer id: ‘ --使用accept命令定义并设置变量
Customer id: 4
SQL> accept v_date date format ‘DD-MON-YYYY‘ prompt ‘Date: ‘
Date: 06-MAY-2012
SQL> accept v_password char prompt ‘Password: ‘ hide
Password:
SQL> define
DEFINE _DATE = "06-JAN-16" (CHAR)
DEFINE _CONNECT_IDENTIFIER = "unicode" (CHAR)
DEFINE _USER = "STORE" (CHAR)
DEFINE _PRIVILEGE = "" (CHAR)
DEFINE _SQLPLUS_RELEASE = "1102000400" (CHAR)
DEFINE _EDITOR = "ed" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_VERSION = "Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_RELEASE = "1102000400" (CHAR)
DEFINE V_COL = "product_type_id" (CHAR)
DEFINE V_PRODUCT_ID = "4" (CHAR)
DEFINE V_CUSTOMER_ID = 4 (NUMBER)
DEFINE V_DATE = "06-MAY-2012" (CHAR)
DEFINE V_PASSWORD = "1234567" (CHAR)
SQL> undefine v_col
SQL> undefine v_product_id
SQL> undefine v_customer_id
SQL> undefine v_date
SQL> undefine v_password --使用undefine命令删除变量
SQL> define
DEFINE _DATE = "06-JAN-16" (CHAR)
DEFINE _CONNECT_IDENTIFIER = "unicode" (CHAR)
DEFINE _USER = "STORE" (CHAR)
DEFINE _PRIVILEGE = "" (CHAR)
DEFINE _SQLPLUS_RELEASE = "1102000400" (CHAR)
DEFINE _EDITOR = "ed" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_VERSION = "Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_RELEASE = "1102000400" (CHAR)
9.创建简单报表
vim /tmp/report1.sql
--suppress display of the statements and verification message
set echo off --禁止显示脚本中的SQL语句
set verify off --禁止显示验证消息
select product_id,name,price
from products
where product_id = &v_product_id; --使用临时变量v_product_id
SQL> @ /tmp/report1.sql
Enter value for v_product_id: 2
PRODUCT_ID product_name PRICE
---------- ------------- -------
2 Chemistry $30.00
vim /tmp/report2.sql
--suppress display of the statements and verification message
set echo off
set verify off
accept v_product_id number format 99 prompt ‘Enter product id: ‘ --使用已定义变量v_product_id
select product_id,name,price
from products
where product_id = &v_product_id;
--clear up
undefine v_product_id
SQL> @ /tmp/report2.sql
Enter product id: 4
PRODUCT_ID product_name PRICE
---------- ------------- -------
4 Tank War $13.95
vim /tmp/report3.sql
--suppress display of the statements and verification message
set echo off --禁止显示脚本中的SQL语句
set verify off --禁止显示验证消息
select product_id,name,price
from products
where product_id = &1; --向脚本中的变量传递值
SQL> @ /tmp/report3.sql 4
PRODUCT_ID product_name PRICE
---------- ------------- -------
4 Tank War $13.95
vim /tmp/report4.sql
--suppress display of the statements and verification message
set echo off --禁止显示脚本中的SQL语句
set verify off --禁止显示验证消息
select product_id,product_type_id,name,price
from products
where product_id = &1
and price > &2; --向脚本中的多个变量传递值
vim /tmp/report5.sql
--添加页眉
ttitle left ‘Run date: ‘ _date center ‘Run by the‘ sql.user ‘ user‘ right ‘Page: ‘ format 999 sql.pno skip 2
--添加页脚
btitle center ‘Thanks for running the report‘ right ‘Page: ‘ format 999 sql.pno
set echo off
set verify off
set pagesize 15
set linesize 70
clear columns
column product_id heading id format 99
column name heading ‘Product Name‘ format a20 word_wrapped
column description heading Description format a30 word_wrapped
column price heading Price format $99.99
select product_id,name,description,price
from products;
clear columns
ttitle off
btitle off
vim /tmp/report6.sql
--计算小计
break on product_type_id --根据列值的范围分隔输出结果
compute sum of price on product_type_id --计算一列的值
set echo off
set verify off
set pagesize 20
set linesize 70
clear columns
column price heading Price format $999.99
select product_type_id,name,price
from products
order by product_type_id;
clear columns
10.帮助信息 help
help
help index
11.自动生成SQL语句
select ‘drop table ‘ || table_name||‘;‘
from user_tables
order by table_name;
‘DROPTABLE‘||TABLE_NAME||‘;‘
------------------------------------------
drop table CUSTOMERS;
drop table EMPLOYEES;
drop table PRODUCTS;
drop table PRODUCT_TYPES;
drop table PURCHASES;
drop table SALARY_GRADES;
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