mysql主从搭建

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mysql主从搭建

注意:不同mysql版本之间的binlog日志可能不同,所以应尽量保证mysql的版本一致,如不同,只能是slave的版本高于master版本,因为mysql的版本是向下兼容。

一:环境

  mysql版本号:mysql-5.6.16

  操作系统:CentOS release 6.8 (Final)

  主机:192.168.32.230

  主机:192.168.32.231

二:安装mysql,主从步骤一样

[[email protected] local]# tar -xf mysql-5.6.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz                                                                                                                                                                                                   100%  291MB 290.7MB/s   00:01    
[[email protected] local]# mv mysql-5.6.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql
[[email protected] local]# groupadd mysql
[[email protected] local]# useradd -g mysql mysql
[[email protected] local]# chown mysql:mysql mysql -R
[[email protected] local]# cd mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# cp -a support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[[email protected] mysql]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld 
[[email protected] mysql]# cp -a support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[[email protected] mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

 三:设置mysql密码,以及在master创建数据库

[[email protected] mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.16 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘h‘ for help. Type ‘c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update user set password=password(‘123456‘) where user=‘root‘ and host=‘localhost‘;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database repl;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye

 四:master以及slave配置

修改master的my.cnf配置

[[email protected] mysql]# grep -v "^#" /etc/my.cnf 

[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
log-slave-updates=1
binlog-do-db=repl	#需要同步的数据库,如果不配置则表示所有
binlog-ignore-db=mysql	#被忽略的数据库

 进入master mysql设置slave同步的账号

[[email protected] mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[[email protected] mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.16-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘h‘ for help. Type ‘c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to ‘repl‘@‘192.168.32.231‘ identified by ‘123456‘;	##授权给从服务器
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;	##查看主库的状态,file和position这两个值等会slave服务器要用	
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      331 | repl         | mysql            |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 配置从服务器

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf 

[mysqld]
server-id=2	
log-bin=mysql-bin
read-only=1
log-slave-updates=1
replicate-do-db=repl	##需要同步的数据库

[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -h192.168.32.230 -urepl -p		##测试到master的连通性
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.16-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘h‘ for help. Type ‘c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

master查看给salve的权限

[[email protected] mysql]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.16-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘h‘ for help. Type ‘c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show grants for [email protected];
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for [email protected]                                                                                               |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO ‘repl‘@‘192.168.32.231‘ IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD ‘*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9‘ |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

设置slave同步

mysql> change master to master_host=‘192.168.32.230‘,master_port=3306,master_user=‘repl‘,master_password=‘123456‘,master_log_file=‘mysql-bin.000003‘,master_log_pos=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show slave statusG;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.32.230
                  Master_User: repl
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
               Relay_Log_File: Sandos1-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 283
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes			##此处两个yes说明主从搭建成功
              Replicate_Do_DB: repl
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120
              Relay_Log_Space: 458
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: d0b386fd-1580-11e9-af13-000c2962f10d
             Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 五、测试主从是否同步

进入master创建测试表

mysql> use repl
Database changed
mysql> create table test(id int,name char(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into test values(1,‘cc‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test values(2,‘shama‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from test;
+------+-------+
| id   | name  |
+------+-------+
|    1 | cc    |
|    2 | shama |
+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 查看slave中的数据库

mysql> select * from test;
+------+-------+
| id   | name  |
+------+-------+
|    1 | cc    |
|    2 | shama |
+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 此时表示mysql主从已经同步

六、扩展--mysql几个重要的参数

(1) log-slave-updates
log-slave-updates这个参数用来配置从服务器的更新是否写入二进制日志,这个选项默认是不打开的,但是,如果这个从服务器B是服务器A的从服务器,同时还作为服务器C的主服务器,那么就需要开发这个选项,这样它的从服务器C才能获得它的二进制日志进行同步操作
(2) master-connect-retry
master-connect-retry这个参数是用来设置在和主服务器连接丢失的时候,重试的时间间隔,默认是60秒
(3) read-only
read-only是用来限制普通用户对从数据库的更新操作,以确保从数据库的安全性,不过如果是超级用户依然可以对从数据库进行更新操作
(4) slave-skip-errors
在复制过程中,由于各种的原因,从服务器可能会遇到执行BINLOG中的SQL出错的情况,在默认情况下,服务器会停止复制进程,不再进行同步,等到用户自行来处理。
Slave-skip-errors的作用就是用来定义复制过程中从服务器可以自动跳过的错误号,当复制过程中遇到定义的错误号,就可以自动跳过,直接执行后面的SQL语句。
--slave-skip-errors=[err1,err2,…….|ALL]
但必须注意的是,启动这个参数,如果处理不当,很可能造成主从数据库的数据不同步,在应用中需要根据实际情况,如果对数据完整性要求不是很严格,那么这个选项确实可以减轻维护的成本

master重新刷新binlog日志  mysql> flush logs;

要清楚slave执行       mysql> reset slave all;

 











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