sql语句中left join和inner join中的on与where的区别分析

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原文:sql语句中left join和inner join中的on与where的区别分析

关于SQL SERVER的表联接查询INNER JOIN 、LEFT JOIN和RIGHT JOIN,经常会用到ON和WHERE的条件查询,以前用的时候有时是凭感觉的,总是没有搞清楚,今日亲自测试了下,理解到了一些内容,在此分享。

要测试,首先我们来创建三张表,数据库就根据自己的情况而定

创建表TestJoinOnOrWhere_A、TestJoinOnOrWhere_B、TestJoinOnOrWhere_C

/****** Object:  Table [dbo].[TestJoinOnOrWhere_A]    Script Date: 2015/4/3 14:34:41 ******/
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TestJoinOnOrWhere_A](
    [id] [int] NULL,
    [value] [int] NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]

GO
/****** Object:  Table [dbo].[TestJoinOnOrWhere_B]    Script Date: 2015/4/3 14:34:41 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TestJoinOnOrWhere_B](
    [id] [int] NULL,
    [value] [int] NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]

GO
/****** Object:  Table [dbo].[TestJoinOnOrWhere_C]    Script Date: 2015/4/3 14:34:41 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TestJoinOnOrWhere_C](
    [id] [int] NULL,
    [value] [int] NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]

表创建好了然后我们添加几条数据

 

INSERT [dbo].[TestJoinOnOrWhere_A] ([id], [value]) VALUES (1, 1)
INSERT [dbo].[TestJoinOnOrWhere_A] ([id], [value]) VALUES (2, 1)
INSERT [dbo].[TestJoinOnOrWhere_A] ([id], [value]) VALUES (3, 2)
INSERT [dbo].[TestJoinOnOrWhere_B] ([id], [value]) VALUES (1, 1)
INSERT [dbo].[TestJoinOnOrWhere_B] ([id], [value]) VALUES (2, 3)
INSERT [dbo].[TestJoinOnOrWhere_B] ([id], [value]) VALUES (3, 4)
INSERT [dbo].[TestJoinOnOrWhere_C] ([id], [value]) VALUES (1, 1)
INSERT [dbo].[TestJoinOnOrWhere_C] ([id], [value]) VALUES (2, 2)
INSERT [dbo].[TestJoinOnOrWhere_C] ([id], [value]) VALUES (3, 3)

 现在我们开始测试

语句1:SELECT * FROM dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_A AS a LEFT JOIN dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_B AS b ON a.id = b.id AND a.value = 1
语句2:SELECT * FROM dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_A AS a LEFT JOIN dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_B AS b ON a.id = b.id

 

结果1:

id   value  id    value

-------------------------------
1    1       1     1
2    1       2     3
3    2      NULL NULL

结果2

id   value  id    value

-------------------------------
1    1       1     1
2    1       2     3
3    2       3     4

在网上查询到,有的人说a.value = 1没有生效,其实不然,它已经生效,只是在左联接查询时,左表的数据是不会受影响,只有右表的数据会根据a.value = 1条件取出左表(a表)Value为1的行,通过上面两个语句的结果就可以看出,那么我们用右表筛选条件会出现什么呢?看看下面语句

语句3:SELECT * FROM dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_A AS a LEFT JOIN dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_B AS b ON a.id = b.id AND b.value = 1

 

结果3:

id   value  id    value

-------------------------------
1    1       1     1
2    1       NULL NULL
3    2       NULL NULL

以上结果看出,也只是影响了右表的数据

语句4:SELECT * FROM dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_A AS a LEFT JOIN dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_B AS b ON  a.value = 1

 

结果4:

id   value  id    value

-------------------------------
1    1       1     1
1    1       2     3
1    1       3     4
2    1       1     1
2    1       2     3
2    1       3     4
3    2       NULL NULL

从上面语句结果看出,也只影响了右表的数据(取出所有a表value对应为1的b表数据)

所以在左联接查询时ON后面的条件只会影响右表,相反右联接查询影响的就是左边的表数据

如果用WHERE呢?我们看下下面的语句

语句5:SELECT * FROM dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_A AS a LEFT JOIN dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_B AS b ON a.id = b.id where a.value = 1

语句6:SELECT * FROM dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_A AS a LEFT JOIN dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_B AS b ON a.id = b.id where b.value = 1

 

结果5:

id   value  id    value

-------------------------------
1    1       1     1
2    1       2     3

结果6:

id   value  id    value

-------------------------------
1    1       1     1

可以从结果看出,这个影响的结果就是全部的表,就相当于通过ON条件联接查询查询的结果,然后通过WHERE后面的条件取总体筛选

对于INNER JOIN 的ON条件会怎样影响呢?先看下面语句执行结果

语句7:  SELECT * FROM dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_A AS a INNER JOIN dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_B AS b ON a.id = b.id AND a.value = 1
语句8:  SELECT * FROM dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_A AS a INNER JOIN dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_B AS b ON a.id = b.id AND b.value = 1
语句9:  SELECT * FROM dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_A AS a INNER JOIN dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_B AS b ON a.id = b.id WHERE a.value = 1
语句10:SELECT * FROM dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_A AS a INNER JOIN dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_B AS b ON a.id = b.id WHERE b.value = 1

 

结果7/9:

id   value  id    value

-------------------------------
1    1       1     1
2    1       2     3

结果8/10:

id   value  id    value

-------------------------------
1    1       1     1

上面通过WHERE和ON查询出来的结果是一样的,由此可看出,INNER JOIN 的ON条件和WHERE条件影响的都是一个效果,影响整体的查询结果。

下面我们再来看下对于LEFT JOIN的三表查询对于WHERE和ON影响的结果

       语句11:SELECT a.id AS a_id,a.value AS a_value,b.id AS b_id,b.value AS b_value,c.id AS c_id,c.value AS c_value FROM dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_A AS a LEFT JOIN   dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_B AS b ON a.id = b.id AND a.value = 1  LEFT JOIN dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_C AS c ON b.id = c.id
       语句12:SELECT a.id AS a_id,a.value AS a_value,b.id AS b_id,b.value AS b_value,c.id AS c_id,c.value AS c_value FROM dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_A AS a LEFT JOIN  dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_B AS b ON a.id = b.id AND b.value = 1  LEFT JOIN dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_C AS c ON b.id = c.id 
       语句13:SELECT a.id AS a_id,a.value AS a_value,b.id AS b_id,b.value AS b_value,c.id AS c_id,c.value AS c_value FROM dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_A AS a LEFT JOIN  dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_B AS b ON a.id = b.id AND a.value = 1  LEFT JOIN dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_C AS c ON b.id = c.id AND b.value = 1
       语句14:SELECT a.id AS a_id,a.value AS a_value,b.id AS b_id,b.value AS b_value,c.id AS c_id,c.value AS c_value FROM dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_A AS a LEFT JOIN  dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_B AS b ON a.id = b.id AND a.value = 1  LEFT JOIN dbo.TestJoinOnOrWhere_C AS c ON b.id = c.id AND c.value = 2

结果11:

a_id  a_value  b_id  b_value  c_id   c_value

-----------------------------------------------------
1     1           1        1          1       1
2     1           2        3          2       2
3     2           NULL   NULL    NULL  NULL

结果12:

a_id  a_value  b_id  b_value  c_id   c_value

-----------------------------------------------------
1     1           1        1          1       1
2     1           NULL   NULL    NULL  NULL
3     2           NULL   NULL    NULL  NULL

结果13:

a_id  a_value  b_id  b_value  c_id   c_value

-----------------------------------------------------
1     1           1        1          1       1
2     1           2        3          NULL  NULL
3     2           NULL   NULL    NULL  NULL

结果14:

a_id  a_value  b_id  b_value  c_id   c_value

-----------------------------------------------------
1     1           1        1          NULL  NULL
2     1           2        3          2        2
3     2           NULL   NULL    NULL  NULL

      通过以上三表数据查询结果,可以看出,LEFT JOIN 查询,对于ON的单独表条件始终只会影响条件表的右表(如,a.value=1会影响b表关联的a表value字段值为1的行,并不会限制a表的数据只显示value=1的行),RIGHT JOIN 影响效果恰恰相反

      在使用ON条件时LEFT JOIN影响的是右侧的第二张第三张表,并不会对最左侧的表影响,所以对于a,b,c,三张表,a表数据是不受ON条件影响的,只会影响联接查询后的b或c数据

而WHERE就相当于在WHERE条件之前查询的数据当着一个表,然后通过WHERE条件进行筛选数据,所以影响的是整体。

 

创建于:2015-04-03

本文来自wl131710,转载请注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/wanglu/p/4390612.html 







































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