oracle数据库部署
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安装前设置
1:在windows中把需要的软件共享
2:linux中挂载共享,将所需软件全拷贝到usr/src中(包括java和oracle)
[[email protected]~]# mkdir /oracle (创建共享目录)
[[email protected]~]# mount -o username=administrator //10.0.0.2/oracle11g /oracle(共享目录)
[[email protected]~]# cp /oracle/* /usr/src (复制共享目录到/usr/src下面)
[[email protected]~]# cd /usr/src (进入/usr/src下面)
[[email protected]]# ls (查看)
安装java环境
[[email protected]]# ./jdk-6u21-linux-x64-rpm.bin (安装Java环境)
3:安装先决条件所需的软件包
先检查一下都有哪些包没有安装
[[email protected]~]#rpm -qbinutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-develelfutils-libelf-devel-static gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-develglibc-headers kernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++libstdc++-devel make numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh (查看环境要求)
[[email protected]~]#mkdir /media/cdrom
[[email protected]~]#mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
[[email protected]~]#cd /media/cdrom/Server
[[email protected]]# rpm -ivh sysstat-7.0.2-11.el5.x86_64.rpm
配置yum源为光盘
[[email protected]~]#vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo
添加yum代码
注释掉第三行,添加一行代码
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/Server
enabled=0(改为1)
yum安装所需软件包
[[email protected]~]# yum -y install libaio-devel
[[email protected]~]# yum -y install unixODBC
[[email protected]~]# yum -y install unixODBC-devel
[[email protected]~]# yum -y install pdksh
[[email protected]~]# yum -y install numactl-devel
3:内核参数调整
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr=1058576
fs.file-max=6815744
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.sem=25032000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=900065500
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586
kernel.shmmax= 68719476736 \\已经有了,不小于536870912
kernel.shmall= 4294967296 \\已经有了,不小于4096
[[email protected] ~]# sysctl -p \\重新加载内核
4:用户环境要求
[[email protected]~]# groupadd -g 500 oinstall (创建安装组)
[[email protected]~]# groupadd -g 501 dba (创建管理组)
[[email protected]~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle (创建运行用户oracle)
[[email protected]~]# passwd oracle \\设置密码(aptech)
[[email protected]~]# mkdir /opt/oracle
[[email protected]~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle/ (属组属主归属权)
[[email protected]~]# chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle/
[[email protected]~]# sudo mkdir /opt/tmp (创建安装时使用的临时文件夹)
[[email protected]~]# sudo chmod a+wr /opt/tmp
调整oracle用户的环境配置
[[email protected]~]#vi ~oracle/.bash_profile
添加以下内容:
umask=022 (文件权限掩码)
exportORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle (定义基本目录)
exportORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
exportORACLE_SID=orcl.benet.com (定义数据库实例名称)
exportLANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 (确定使用何种语言环境)
exportNLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA".ZHS16GBK
exportPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
exportDISPLAY=:0.0 (告知默认的显示终端号)
调整全局用户配置
[[email protected]~]#vi /etc/profile
exportORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
exportORACLE_OWNER=oracle
exportORACLE_SID=orcl
exportORACLE_TERM=xterm
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
5:oracle用户资源限制调整
[[email protected]~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
把最后一行注释掉“#”在最后添加以下两行:
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
[[email protected]~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
在末尾添加:
oracle soft nproc 2047 (进程数软限制)
oracle hard nproc 16384 (进程数硬限制)
oracle soft nofile 1024 (文件数软限制)
oracle hard nofile 65536 (文件数硬限制)
oracle soft stack 10240 (软堆栈限制)
[[email protected]~]# vi /etc/profile
在末尾添加:
if [ $USER ="oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65535
else
ulimit -n 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
(家目录)source /etc/profile (输入命令生效)
重启系统
[[email protected]~]# reboot
二:安装过程
1:解压文件(解压后会有database文件夹)
[[email protected]~]# cd /usr/src
[[email protected]]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[[email protected]]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[[email protected]]# ls database/ (里面会有一个runinstall文件)
Doc install response rpm runInstaller sshsetup stage welcome.html
在linux图形桌面打开终端
[[email protected]~]# xhost + (此操作需在图形环境中执行)
[[email protected]~]$ su oracle
口令:
[[email protected]~]$ cd /usr/src/database/
[[email protected]]$ ./runInstaller (安装)
在root账户中
[[email protected]]# /opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh \\ oraInventory
[[email protected] database]#/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
点确定
三:验证安装结果
1:打开浏览器,地址栏输入https://10.0.0.10:1158/em/
上图中用户名用sys,密码用数据库的密码(Aptech123),连接身份为SYSDBA
2:用命令登陆
[[email protected]]#vim /etc/oratab
orcl:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y //实例启动数据库启动
重启linux后如果oracle服务不启动,可用以下命令启动
[[email protected]~]# lsnrctl start
[[email protected]]$ sqlplus sys/Oracle11g AS SYSDBA
SQL>
3:创建数据库
[[email protected]]$ dbca \\图形界面终端
[[email protected]~]# lsnrctl start
[[email protected]~]# su oracle
[[email protected]]$ sqlplus sys/Oracle11g AS SYSDBA
SQL>startup nomount
SQL>alter database open;
解决help index无法执行
[[email protected]~]$ cd /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sqlplus/admin/help
[[email protected]]$ls
[[email protected]]$ sqlplus system/aptech
SQL>@/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sqlplus/admin/help/helpbld.sql
Enter valuefor 1: helpus.sql
Entervalue for 2:
SP2-0310:unable to open file "helpus.sql/hlpbld.sql"
Disconnectedfrom Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bitProduction
Withthe Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
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