爬取微信公众号历史记录

Posted 2022-12-06 于连林520wcf

微信公众平台并没有对外提供 Web 端入口，只能通过手机客户端接收、查看公众号文章，Mac电脑通过Charles可以抓取手机端Https请求，具体参考下面的文章:
十分钟学会Charles抓包(iOS的http/https请求)

通过上面的图可以看到请求的参数和获取的结果，进一步分析，可以发现历史记录都在js中的msgList中返回了。

爬虫的基本原理就是模拟浏览器发送 HTTP 请求，然后从服务器得到响应结果，现在我们就用 Python 实现如果发送一个 HTTP 请求。这里我们使用 requests 库来发送请求。

代码：

import requests


def crawl():
    # url中的参数需要根据自己的情况做调整
    url = "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/mp/profile_ext?" \\
          "action=home&" \\
          "__biz=MzI2NTEyMzQwMQ==&" \\
          "scene=124&" \\
          "devicetype=ios11.2.5&" \\
          "version=16060520&" \\
          "lang=zh_CN&nettype=WIFI&a8scene=3&" \\
          "fontScale=100&" \\
          "pass_ticket=i5Zob72l9%2BTNg97YKb4%2BPYQ6ZcLc6yHUhsp%2FBFDJW9jEpeDC39M1acbCZlfF6zK3" \\
          "wx_header=1"

    headers = """
Host:   mp.weixin.qq.com
Cookie: devicetype=iOS11.2.5; lang=zh_CN; pass_ticket=i5Zob72l9+TNg97YKb4+PYQ6ZcLc6yHUhsp/BFDJW9jEpeDC39M1acbCZlfF6zK3; version=16060520; wap_sid2=CLXC37AEElxoMFRPTkh4VUhldWJXU0YxR0M4dC1BdU9WOWdIanJiWXlsNWh3d2NlZHFjb2lhSGNwMlZXZ2k5QWRWbFhsMVhVcHFfbEtGNzdOdndrVkYxRC1JOEU2cklEQUFBfjCHpu7UBTgNQJVO; wxuin=1175970101; pgv_pvi=4165842944; pgv_pvid=4653316680; sd_cookie_crttime=1517444025808; sd_userid=80891517444025808
X-WECHAT-KEY:   8454e2d616c046dd2e80a25042d71ff65b59939c7bfa4631585773ab20ee3f9314bfd6f4dbfa146acf62ca8c4557550f1dd0dbb77d6052d9e4218daf825bf68827af322070a0242fdf56792dbb68dc2f
X-WECHAT-UIN:   MTE3NTk3MDEwMQ%3D%3D
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_2_5 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.5.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/15D60 MicroMessenger/6.6.5 NetType/WIFI Language/zh_CN
Accept-Language:    zh-cn
Accept-Encoding:    br, gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
    """
    headers = headers_to_dict(headers)
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, verify=False)
    # print(response.text) #打印返回全部的内容
    if '<title>验证</title>' in response.text: #如果提示失败了，请检查请求头，看下Cookie是否失效
        raise Exception("获取微信公众号文章失败，可能是因为你的请求参数有误，请重新获取")
    data = extract_data(response.text)
    for item in data:
        print(item)


def extract_data(html_content):
    """
    从html页面中提取历史文章数据
    :param html_content 页面源代码
    :return: 历史文章列表
    """
    import re
    import html
    import json

    rex = "msgList = '(.*?)'"
    pattern = re.compile(pattern=rex, flags=re.S)
    match = pattern.search(html_content)
    if match:
        data = match.group(1)
        data = html.unescape(data)
        data = json.loads(data)
        articles = data.get("list")
        for item in articles:
            print(item)
        return articles


def headers_to_dict(headers):
    """
    将字符串
    '''
    Host: mp.weixin.qq.com
    Connection: keep-alive
    Cache-Control: max-age=
    '''
    转换成字典类型
    :param headers: str
    :return: dict
    """
    headers = headers.split("\\n")
    d_headers = dict()
    for h in headers:
        h = h.strip()
        if h:
            k, v = h.split(":", 1)
            d_headers[k] = v.strip()
    return d_headers


if __name__ == '__main__':
    crawl()