LocalDateTime JDK1.8

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文章目录

一、使用新时间日期API的必要性

JDK8,以前，或许：

  • 有关时间日期的操作时，你会想到用Date
  • 日期、月份、天数相加减时，你会想到用Calenda
  • 时间日期进行格式化时，你会想到使用SimpleDateFormat或DateFormat下的其他子类

但是，你必须知道，以上有关的时间日期操作对象，都是可变的、线程不安全的，同时，如果作为一个经常写过类似代码的人来说，尽管有相关对象提供某些操作，但并不能很快、很简单的就能得到最终想要的结果，如：要计算两个时间点之间相差的年、月、日、周、时、分、秒等，这些计算尽管原有API也能够实现，但原有API除了线程不安全之外，另外一个不足之处就是代码繁琐，性能低。

二、新时间日期API常用、重要对象介绍

  • ZoneId: 时区ID，用来确定 Instant 和 LocalDateTime 互相转换的规则
  • Instant : 用来表示时间线上的一个点（瞬时）
  • LocalDate: 表示没有时区的日期, LocalDate 是不可变并且线程安全的
  • LocalTime: 表示没有时区的时间，LocalTime是不可变且线程安全的
  • LocalDateTime: 表示没有时区的日期时间, LocalDateTime 是不可变并且线程安全的
  • Clock: 用于访问当前时刻、日期、时间，用到时区
  • Duration ： 用秒和纳秒表示时间的数量（长短），用于计算两个日期的 “时间” 间隔
  • Period: 用于计算两个日期间隔

三、新时间日期 API 详解与示例

3.1 获取当前时间

/ LocalDate.now() = 2021-06-09
        System.out.println("LocalDate.now() = " + LocalDate.now());
        
        //LocalTime.now() = 15:00:27.951
        System.out.println("LocalTime.now() = " + LocalTime.now());
        
        //LocalDateTime.now() = 2021-06-09T15:00:27.950
        System.out.println("LocalDateTime.now() = " + LocalDateTime.now());

3.2 指定时间、日期创建对象

        //LocalDate.of(2020,8,29) = 2020-08-29
        System.out.println("LocalDate.of(2020,8,29) = " + LocalDate.of(2020, 8, 29));
        
        //LocalTime.of(15,6,25,655) = 15:06:25.000000655
        System.out.println("LocalTime.of(15,6,25,655) = " + LocalTime.of(15, 6, 25, 655));
        
        //LocalDateTime.of(2016,7,10,16,54,55) = 2016-07-10T16:54:55
        System.out.println("LocalDateTime.of(2016,7,10,16,54,55) = " + LocalDateTime.of(2016, 7, 10, 16, 54, 55));

3.3 日期、时间的加减

  • 对于 LocalDate, 只有精度大于或等于日的加减，如年、月、日；

  • 对于 LocalTime, 只有精度小于或等于时的加减，如时、分、秒、纳秒；

  • 对于 LocalDateTime, 则可以进行任意精度的时间相加减；

    LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
        
        //now.plusYears(1L) = 2022-06-09T15:20:17.968
        System.out.println("now.plusYears(1L) = " + now.plusYears(1L));
        
        //now.plusDays(1l) = 2021-06-10T15:20:17.968
        System.out.println("now.plusDays(1l) = " + now.plusDays(1L));
        
        //now.plusMonths(30L) = 2023-12-09T15:20:17.968
        System.out.println("now.plusMonths(30L) = " + now.plusMonths(30L));
        
        //now.plusHours(2L) = 2021-06-09T17:20:17.968
        System.out.println("now.plusHours(2L) = " + now.plusHours(2L));
        
       //now.plusMinutes(10L) = 2021-06-09T15:30:17.968 
        System.out.println("now.plusMinutes(10L) = " + now.plusMinutes(10L));

3.4将年、月、日等修改为指定的值，并返回新的日期（时间）对象

// 这个月的第一天
        //now.withDayOfMonth(1) = 2021-06-01T15:27:06.641
        System.out.println("now.withDayOfMonth(1) = " + now.withDayOfMonth(1));

        // 这年中的第100天
        //now.withDayOfYear(100) = 2021-04-10T15:27:06.641
        System.out.println("now.withDayOfYear(100) = " + now.withDayOfYear(100));


        // 指定年份
        //now.withYear(2022) = 2022-06-09T15:27:06.641
        System.out.println("now.withYear(2022) = " + now.withYear(2022));

        // 指定月份
        //now.withMonth(2) = 2021-02-09T15:27:06.641
        System.out.println("now.withMonth(2) = " + now.withMonth(2));

3.5获取日期的年月日周时分秒

//now.getDayOfMonth() = 9
System.out.println("now.getDayOfMonth() = " + now.getDayOfMonth());

//now.getDayOfWeek() = WEDNESDAY
System.out.println("now.getDayOfWeek() = " + now.getDayOfWeek());

//now.getDayOfYear() = 160
System.out.println("now.getDayOfYear() = " + now.getDayOfYear());

//now.getHour() = 15
System.out.println("now.getHour() = " + now.getHour());

//now.getSecond() = 30
System.out.println("now.getSecond() = " + now.getSecond());

//now.getMonth() = JUNE
System.out.println("now.getMonth() = " + now.getMonth());

//now.getMonthValue() = 6
System.out.println("now.getMonthValue() = " + now.getMonthValue());

3.6时间日期前后的比较与判断

LocalDateTime localDateTime1 = LocalDateTime.now();
LocalDateTime localDateTime2 = LocalDateTime.now().plusHours(1L);

//localDateTime1.isAfter(localDateTime2) = false
System.out.println("localDateTime1.isAfter(localDateTime2) = " + localDateTime1.isAfter(localDateTime2));

//localDateTime2.isBefore(localDateTime1) = false
System.out.println("localDateTime2.isBefore(localDateTime1) = " + localDateTime2.isBefore(localDateTime1));

3.7 判断是否是闰年

LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
// 判断是否为闰年
//localDate.isLeapYear() = false
System.out.println("localDate.isLeapYear() = " + localDate.isLeapYear());

3.8 java8 时钟 ： clock()

//返回当前时间，根据系统时间和UTC
//Clock.systemUTC() = SystemClock[Z]
System.out.println("Clock.systemUTC() = " + Clock.systemUTC());

3.9 日期

Instant instant = Instant.now();
//instant = 2021-06-09T07:47:15.247Z
System.out.println("instant = " + instant);


Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
//date = Wed Jun 09 15:47:15 CST 2021
System.out.println("date = " + date);

// instant -> date
Date date1 = Date.from(instant);
//date1 = Wed Jun 09 15:50:16 CST 2021
System.out.println("date1 = " + date1);

// date -> instant
Instant instant1 = date1.toInstant();
//instant1 = 2021-06-09T07:50:16.285Z
System.out.println("instant1 = " + instant1);

3.10计算时间（Duration）、日期间隔(Period)

LocalDate localDate1 = LocalDate.of(2019, 10, 10);
LocalDate localDate2 = LocalDate.of(2018, 3, 13);
//localDate1 - localDate2
Period period = Period.between(localDate2,localDate1);

//period.getYears() = 1
System.out.println("period.getYears() = " + period.getYears());

//period.getMonths() = 6
System.out.println("period.getMonths() = " + period.getMonths());

//period.getDays() = 27
System.out.println("period.getDays() = " + period.getDays());

//period.get(ChronoUnit.YEARS) = 1
System.out.println("period.get(ChronoUnit.YEARS) = " + period.get(ChronoUnit.YEARS));


LocalTime localTime1 = LocalTime.of(6, 3, 33);
LocalTime localTime2 = LocalTime.of(22, 22, 22);

//localDateTime2 - localDateTime1
Duration duration = Duration.between(localDateTime1,localDateTime2);

//duration.toDays() = 0
System.out.println("duration.toDays() = " + duration.toDays());

//duration.toHours() = 1
System.out.println("duration.toHours() = " + duration.toHours());

//duration.getNano() = 0
System.out.println("duration.getNano() = " + duration.getNano());

//duration.toMinutes() = 60
System.out.println("duration.toMinutes() = " + duration.toMinutes());

3.11时间日期的格式化（格式化后返回的类型是 String）

3.11.1使用 jdk 自身配置好的日期格式

DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.BASIC_ISO_DATE;
String format = LocalDateTime.now().format(dateTimeFormatter);

//format = 20210609
System.out.println("format = " + format);

3.11.2 自定义

DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter1 = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss");
String format1 = LocalDateTime.now().format(dateTimeFormatter1);

//format1 = 2021/06/09 16:20:0
System.out.println("format1 = " + format1);
  • LocalDate 只能设置仅含年月日的格式
  • LocalTime 只能设置仅含时分秒的格式
  • LocalDateTime 可以设置含年月日时分秒的格式

3.12 String -> LocalDataTime

//2018-01-13 21:27:30 对应 yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
//20180113213328 对应 yyyyMMddHHmmss
String datetime =  "2018-01-13 21:27:30";
DateTimeFormatter dtf = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.parse(datetime, dtf);
System.out.println(ldt);

参考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/048ee8580639

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