SpringMVC学习笔记2：快速入门

Posted 2021-06-09 Vincent9847

一、SpringMVC

使用springMVC必须配置的三大件：

处理器映射器 HandlerMapping

处理器适配器 HandlerAdapter

视图解析器 ViewReslover

通常，我们只需要手动配置视图解析器，而处理器映射器和处理器适配器只需要开启注解驱动即可，而省去了大段的xml配置

1.利用代码理解SpringMVC

1.配置web.xml  ， 注册DispatcherServlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
 http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
        version="4.0">

   <!--1.注册DispatcherServlet-->
   <servlet>
       <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
       <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
       <!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml-->
       <init-param>
           <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
           <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
       </init-param>
       <!--启动级别-1-->
       <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
   </servlet>

   <!--/ 匹配所有的请求；（不包括.jsp）-->
   <!--/* 匹配所有的请求；（包括.jsp）-->
   <servlet-mapping>
       <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
       <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
   </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

2.编写SpringMVC 的 配置文件：springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

添加 处理映射器
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>

添加 处理器适配器
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>

添加 视图解析器
<!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
   <!--前缀-->
   <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
   <!--后缀-->
   <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>

3.业务操作（配置法 实现一个Controller只有一个方法）

//注意：这里我们先导入Controller接口
public class HelloController implements Controller {

   public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
       //ModelAndView 模型和视图
       ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();

       //封装对象，放在ModelAndView中。Model
       mv.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC!");
       //封装要跳转的视图，放在ModelAndView中
       mv.setViewName("hello"); //: /WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
       return mv;
  }
   
}

4.spring.xml

<!--Handler-->
<bean id="/hello" class="com.controller.HelloController"/>

2.注解实现SpringMVC

1.Maven可能存在资源过滤的问题，向pom文件添加如下配置 

<build>
   <resources>
       <resource>
           <directory>src/main/java</directory>
           <includes>
               <include>**/*.properties</include>
               <include>**/*.xml</include>
           </includes>
           <filtering>false</filtering>
       </resource>
       <resource>
           <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
           <includes>
               <include>**/*.properties</include>
               <include>**/*.xml</include>
           </includes>
           <filtering>false</filtering>
       </resource>
   </resources>
</build>

2.web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
        version="4.0">

   <!--1.注册servlet-->
   <servlet>
       <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
       <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
       <!--通过初始化参数指定SpringMVC配置文件的位置，进行关联-->
       <init-param>
           <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
           <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
       </init-param>
       <!-- 启动顺序，数字越小，启动越早 -->
       <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
   </servlet>

   <!--所有请求都会被springmvc拦截 -->
   <servlet-mapping>
       <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
       <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
   </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

3.springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
      xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

   <!-- 自动扫描包，让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理 -->
   <context:component-scan base-package="com.controller"/>
   <!-- 让Spring MVC不处理静态资源 -->
   <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
   <!--
   支持mvc注解驱动
       在spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系
       要想使@RequestMapping注解生效
       必须向上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
       和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例
       这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理。
       而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入。
    -->
   <mvc:annotation-driven />

   <!-- 视图解析器 -->
   <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
         id="internalResourceViewResolver">
       <!-- 前缀 -->
       <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
       <!-- 后缀 -->
       <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
   </bean>

</beans>

4.业务操作

@Controller    //让Spring IOC容器初始化时自动扫描到；
@RequestMapping("/HelloController")    //是为了映射请求路径
public class HelloController {

   //真实访问地址 : 项目名/HelloController/hello
   @RequestMapping("/hello")
   public String sayHello(Model model){
       //向模型中添加属性msg与值，可以在JSP页面中取出并渲染
       model.addAttribute("msg","hello,SpringMVC");
       //web-inf/jsp/hello.jsp
       return "hello";
  }
}

5.视图

<body>
${msg}
</body>