Mysq+Haproxy+Keepalived高可用

Posted 马哥Linux运维

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两种模式:

第一种:数据库宕机触发VIP漂移的高可用使用。

第二种:haproxy宕机出发VIP漂移的高可用。

这两种模式的底层数据库均为双主模式或者MGR的多主模式,mariadb的galera模式,percona的pxc模式;也就是底层的数据库每一个都可写。

在双主的模式下,如果添加了haproxy这一层,那么就可以实现了数据库读写的负载均衡,VIP随着haproxy的状态而漂移,即上面提到的第一种情况。

如果没有加入haproxy这一层,那么就只实现了双主模式数据库的高可用,即一个数据库宕机,则VIP漂移,VIP随着数据库的状态而漂移,即上面提到的第二种情况。

下面分别来说明这两种情况的使用。

双主模式的数据库: 10.9.8.201和10.9.8.223VIP地址:10.9.8.120

【因服务器资源限制,因此只使用此两台服务器】

数据库宕机触发VIP漂移

已经配置好的双主模式数据库。然后在两个服务器上分别下载keepalive软件,直接yum安装即可。

keepalived的配置文件有很长,原因是里面有lvs的配置,这里只需要部分配置即可,如下:

[root@test1 keepalived]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs { router_id LVS_DB2}
vrrp_script check_haproxy { script "/etc/keepalived/check_mysql.sh" interval 3 weight -5}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface ens33 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 10.9.8.120 dev ens33 }
track_script { check_haproxy }}

检测脚本内容如下:脚本内容很简单,就是检查mysql进程是否存在,若是不存在,则停止当前的keepalive,让其VIP进行漂移。【要给检测脚本加上可执行的权限】

#!/bin/bashif [ $(ps -C mysqld --no-header | wc -l) -eq 0 ]; then service keepalived stopfi

上面就是master的配置,做为backup的keepalived的配置和上面基本一样,只需要更改router_id,state,priority三个值即可。

state值的说明,主和备keepalived的state的值均可以设置为BACKUP,这样的话,先启动的服务器即为主,当发生VIP漂移后,原来的主启动后VIP不会再发生漂移,可以减少网络抖动的影响。

测试:

[root@test1 keepalived]# ip addr1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:01:9c:98 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.9.8.201/22 brd 10.9.11.255 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 10.9.8.120/32 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::744a:3948:cdf2:1976/64 scope link  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@test1 keepalived]# ps uax |grep mysqlroot 60710 0.0 0.0 11764 1632 pts/0 S 15:21 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql/data --pid-file=/data/mysql/data/test1.pidmysql 62092 0.0 16.5 2190032 309408 pts/0 Sl 15:21 0:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/log/error.log --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql/data/test1.pid --socket=/data/mysql/run/mysql.sock --port=3306root 63704 0.0 0.0 112648 960 pts/0 R+ 16:00 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql[root@test1 keepalived]#

主上面的VIP存在以及mysql服务存在。停掉主上面的mysql服务,查看VIP是否漂移。【主上的VIP已经不存在】

[root@test1 keepalived]# service mysqld stopShutting down MySQL........... SUCCESS! [root@test1 keepalived]# ip addr1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:01:9c:98 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.9.8.201/22 brd 10.9.11.255 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::744a:3948:cdf2:1976/64 scope link  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@test1 keepalived]# ps aux |grep mysqlroot 63933 0.0 0.0 112648 956 pts/0 R+ 16:01 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql[root@test1 keepalived]#

在back上面查看VIP是否存在:【可以看到VIP已经漂移到BACKUP上面】

[root@monitor keepalived]# ip addr1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:7c:ae:10 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.9.8.223/22 brd 10.9.11.255 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 10.9.8.120/32 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::d4e4:4f75:1be6:2134/64 scope link  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN  link/ether 02:42:25:78:a0:39 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@monitor keepalived]#

上面的实例中VIP随着数据库的状态而漂移。

HAPROXY状态触发VIP漂移

在这个架构下,其实就是在上面mysql+keepalived的架构中插入一层,使用haproxy做负载均衡。

在两台机器上分别安装haproxy,直接yum安装即可,haproxy的配置很简单,就是做一个负载均衡。

配置很简单,haproxy的两个服务器都是用同样的配置。【需要说明,因为后面访问的是mysql,因此需要使用四层负载均衡,mode需要选择tcp】

#---------------------------------------------------------------------# Example configuration for a possible web application. See the# full configuration options online.## http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt##---------------------------------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------# Global settings#---------------------------------------------------------------------global # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will # need to: # # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done # by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log # file. A line like the following can be added to # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log # log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot /var/lib/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid maxconn 4000 user haproxy group haproxy daemon
# turn on stats unix socket stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will# use if not designated in their block#---------------------------------------------------------------------defaults mode http log global option httplog option dontlognull option http-server-close option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 option redispatch retries 3 timeout http-request 10s timeout queue 1m timeout connect 10s timeout client 1m timeout server 1m timeout http-keep-alive 10s timeout check 10s maxconn 3000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------# main frontend which proxys to the backends#---------------------------------------------------------------------frontend mysql mode tcp bind *:6039 default_backend back_mysql#---------------------------------------------------------------------# static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such#---------------------------------------------------------------------backend back_mysql mode tcp balance roundrobin server db1 10.9.8.201:3306 check server db2 10.9.8.223:3306 check

然后修改keepalived的检测脚本,上面的模式检查的是mysql的状态,这一次检查的是haproxy的状态。

! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs { router_id LVS_DB2}
vrrp_script check_haproxy { script "/etc/keepalived/check_haproxy_status.sh" interval 3 weight -5}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface ens33 virtual_router_id 51 priority 9 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 10.9.8.120 dev ens33 } track_script { check_haproxy }}

脚本内容如下:

#!/bin/bashif [ $(ps -C haproxy --no-header | wc -l) -eq 0 ];then sudo service keepalived stopfi

修改完之后重启keepalive即可。

加入了haproxy需要说明的是,在连接数据库的时候需要使用VIP+haproxy_PORT,上面我们配置haproxy监听了6039端口,那么连接的时候就是用VIP+6039端口。

来源: 

https://www.cnblogs.com/wxzhe/p/11459777.html


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