Kubernetes Ingress-nginx高级用法

Posted 张志翔 ̮

tags:

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1、什么是ingress

ngress(在kubernetes v1.1时添加)暴露从集群外到集群内服务的HTTPHTTPS路由。定义在ingress资源上的规则控制流量的路由。

    internet
        |
   [ Ingress ]
   --|-----|--
   [ Services ]

一个ingress可以配置用于提供外部可访问的服务url、负载均衡流量、SSL终端和提供虚拟主机名配置。ingress controller负责实现(通常使用负载均衡器(loadbalancer))入口(ingress)。但是它也可以配置你的边缘路由器或额外的前端来帮助处理流量。
ingress不暴露任何端口或协议。将HTTP和HTTPS之外的服务公开到因特网通常使用类型是NodePort或loadbalance的service。

2、Ingress区别

差别:https://github.com/nginxinc/kubernetes-ingress/blob/master/docs/nginx-ingress-controllers.md

Ingress-nginx

Ingress-nginx:kubernetes官方维护的ingress

Ingress-nginx的官方文档:https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/user-guide/nginx-configuration/annotations/#rewrite

Ingress-nginx Github:https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx

Nginx-ingress

Nginx-ingress:nginx官方维护的ingress

Nginx-ingress的官方文档:https://docs.nginx.com/nginx-ingress-controller/configuration/ingress-resources/advanced-configuration-with-annotations/

Nginx-ingress Github:https://github.com/nginxinc/kubernetes-ingress/blob/master/docs/nginx-ingress-controllers.md

类似的还有:Traefik、HAProxy、Istio

3、Ingress-nginx部署

(1)yaml部署Ingress-nginx

(2)helm部署Ingress-nginx

Ingress-nginx的高级介绍,我这边以Kubernetes的那个插件为主。

4、Ingress-nginx创建流程

(1)首先创建pod

(2)创建service

(3)创建ingress-nginx

kubectl create ns heian
#创建命名空间后,运行下面yaml,就可以实现上面三个步骤的工作
 
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  namespace: heian
  name: ingress-heian
  annotations:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/workload: ingress-heian
    deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: '1'
    k8s.kuboard.cn/service: ClusterIP
    k8s.kuboard.cn/ingress: 'true'
  labels:
    app: ingress-heian
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: ingress-heian
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: ingress-heian
    spec:
      affinity: 
      securityContext:
        seLinuxOptions: 
      imagePullSecrets: []
      restartPolicy: Always
      initContainers: []
      containers:
        - image: 'wangyanglinux/myapp:v1'
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          name: ingress-heian
          volumeMounts:
            - name: tz-config
              mountPath: /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai
            - name: tz-config
              mountPath: /etc/localtime
            - name: timezone
              mountPath: /etc/timezone
          resources:
            limits:
              cpu: 100m
              memory: 100Mi
            requests:
              cpu: 10m
              memory: 10Mi
          env:
            - name: TZ
              value: Asia/Shanghai
            - name: LANG
              value: C.UTF-8
          lifecycle: 
          ports:
            - name: web
              containerPort: 80
              protocol: TCP
          terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
          terminationMessagePolicy: File
      volumes:
        - name: tz-config
          hostPath:
            path: /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai
            type: ''
        - name: timezone
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/timezone
            type: ''
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      dnsConfig:
        options: []
      schedulerName: default-scheduler
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
  progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 0
      maxSurge: 1
  replicas: 1
 
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  namespace: heian
  name: ingress-heian
  annotations:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/workload: ingress-heian
  labels:
    app: ingress-heian
spec:
  selector:
    app: ingress-heian
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
      name: ingress-web-1
      nodePort: 0
  sessionAffinity: None
 
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  namespace: heian
  name: ingress-heian
  annotations:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/workload: ingress-heian
  labels:
    app: ingress-heian
spec:
  rules:
    - host: ingress.heian.com
      http:
        paths:
          - path: /
            backend:
              serviceName: ingress-heian
              servicePort: 80
 

 效果截图:

 

5、Ingress-nginx的域名重定向(Redirect)

annotations声明

#重定向,就是这一句 ,现在访问这个域名,会重定向到我的博客地址
annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/permanent-redirect: 'https://blog.csdn.net/heian_99'
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/permanent-redirect: 'https://blog.csdn.net/heian_99'
  name: ingress-heian
  namespace: heian
spec:
  rules:
    - host: ingress.heian.com
      http:
        paths:
          - backend:
              serviceName: ingress-heian
              servicePort: 80
            path: /
            pathType: ImplementationSpecific

这个是ingress-nginx里面nginx的配置

6、Ingress-nginx的前后端分离(Rewrite)

  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$2
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$2
  name: ingress-heian
  namespace: heian
spec:
  rules:
    - host: ingress.heian.com
      http:
        paths:
          - backend:
              serviceName: ingress-heian
              servicePort: 80
            path: /something(/|$)(.*)
            pathType: ImplementationSpecific

7、Ingress-nginx的SSL配置

官网:TLS/HTTPS - NGINX Ingress Controller

创建自建证书(主:浏览器不认可的)

Ingress-nginx配置了SSL,会自动跳转到https的网页的

openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout tls.key -out tls.cert -subj "/CN=ingress.heian.com/O=ingress.heian.com"
 
kubectl create secret tls ca-ceart --key tls.key --cert tls.cert -n heian
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$2
  name: ingress-heian
  namespace: heian
spec:
  rules:
    - host: ingress.heian.com
      http:
        paths:
          - backend:
              serviceName: ingress-heian
              servicePort: 80
            path: /something(/|$)(.*)
            pathType: ImplementationSpecific
  tls:
    - hosts:
        - ingress.heian.com
      secretName: ca-ceart
  tls:
    - hosts:
        - ingress.heian.com
      secretName: ca-ceart

 禁用https强制跳转

  annotations:
     nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "false"

设置默认证书:--default-ssl-certificate=default/foo-tls

更改的ingress-controller的启动参数

8、Ingress-nginx的黑白名单

 Annotations:只对指定的ingress生效

       ConfigMap:全局生效

黑名单可以使用ConfigMap去配置,白名单建议使用Annotations去配置。

(1)、白名单 添加白名单的方式可以直接写annotation,也可以配置在ConfigMap中。

写在annotation中:

---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/whitelist-source-range: 192.168.0.100
  name: ingress-heian
  namespace: heian
spec:
  rules:
    - host: ingress.heian.com
      http:
        paths:
          - backend:
              serviceName: ingress-heian
              servicePort: 80
            path: /
            pathType: ImplementationSpecific

也可以写固定IP,也可以写网段。 配置到ConfigMap中:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.1.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.32.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
data:
  whitelist-source-range: 10.1.10.0/24

(2)、黑名单 黑名单就只能通过ConfigMap来配置

ConfigMap配置如下:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.1.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.32.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
data:
  whitelist-source-range: 10.1.10.0/24
  block-cidrs: 10.1.10.100

annotation配置

---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/server-snippet: |-
      deny 192.168.0.1;
      deny 192.168.0.100;
      allow all;
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: ingress-heian
spec:
  rules:
  - host: ingress.heian.com
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: ingress-heian
          servicePort: 80
        path: /
        pathType: ImplementationSpecific
status:
  loadBalancer: 

9、Ingress-nginx的匹配请求头

---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/server-snippet: |-
      set $agentflag 0;
 
              if ($http_user_agent ~* "(iPhone)" )
                set $agentflag 1;
              
 
              if ( $agentflag = 1 ) 
                return 301 https://m.heian.com;
              
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: ingress-heian
spec:
  rules:
  - host: ingress.heian.com
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: ingress-heian
          servicePort: 80
        path: /
        pathType: ImplementationSpecific
status:
  loadBalancer: 

10、Ingress-nginx的速率限制

限速¶
这些注释定义了对连接和传输速率的限制。这些可以用来减轻DDoS攻击。
 
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-connections:单个IP地址允许的并发连接数。超出此限制时,将返回503错误。
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rps:每秒从给定IP接受的请求数。突发限制设置为此限制乘以突发乘数,默认乘数为5。当客户端超过此限制时,将 返回limit-req-status-code默认值: 503。
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rpm:每分钟从给定IP接受的请求数。突发限制设置为此限制乘以突发乘数,默认乘数为5。当客户端超过此限制时,将 返回limit-req-status-code默认值: 503。
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-burst-multiplier:突发大小限制速率的倍数。默认的脉冲串乘数为5,此注释将覆盖默认的乘数。当客户端超过此限制时,将 返回limit-req-status-code默认值: 503。
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rate-after:最初的千字节数,在此之后,对给定连接的响应的进一步传输将受到速率的限制。必须在启用代理缓冲的情况下使用此功能。
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rate:每秒允许发送到给定连接的千字节数。零值禁用速率限制。必须在启用代理缓冲的情况下使用此功能。
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-whitelist:客户端IP源范围要从速率限制中排除。该值是逗号分隔的CIDR列表。
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rate: 100K
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-whitelist: 10.1.10.100
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rps: 1
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rpm: 30
spec:
  rules:
  - host: iphone.coolops.cn 
    http:
      paths:
      - path: 
        backend:
          serviceName: ng-svc
          servicePort: 80
 
 
 
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rate:限制客户端每秒传输的字节数
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-whitelist:白名单中的IP不限速
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rps:单个IP每秒的连接数
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rpm:单个IP每分钟的连接数

11、Ingress-nginx的基本认证

有些访问是需要认证访问的,比如dubbo-admin,我们在访问的时候会先叫你输入用户名和密码。ingress nginx也可以实现这种。

(1)、创建密码,我这里用http的命令工具来生成

[root@k8s-master01 ingress]# htpasswd -c auth heian
New password: 
Re-type new password: 
Adding password for user heian
[root@k8s-master01 ingress]# ls
auth  tls.cert  tls.key
[root@k8s-master01 ingress]# cat auth 
heian:$apr1$8LffOJL7$ZIGV4XRNSuginqO5GMxAZ.
[root@k8s-master01 ingress]# 

(2)、创建secret

[root@k8s-master01 ingress]# kubectl create secret generic basic-auth --from-file=auth -n heian 
secret/basic-auth created

(3)、配置Ingress

---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-realm: Need to longin
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-secret: basic-auth
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type: basic
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: ingress-heian
spec:
  rules:
  - host: ingress.heian.com
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: ingress-heian
          servicePort: 80
        path: /
        pathType: ImplementationSpecific
status:
  loadBalancer: 

12、Ingress-nginx实现灰度金丝雀发布 

Nginx Annotations 支持以下 4 种 Canary 规则:

nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header:基于 Request Header 的流量切分,适用于灰度发布以及 A/B 测试。当 Request Header 设置为 always时,请求将会被一直发送到 Canary 版本;当 Request Header 设置为 never时,请求不会被发送到 Canary 入口;对于任何其他 Header 值,将忽略 Header,并通过优先级将请求与其他金丝雀规则进行优先级的比较。
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header-value:要匹配的 Request Header 的值,用于通知 Ingress 将请求路由到 Canary Ingress 中指定的服务。当 Request Header 设置为此值时,它将被路由到 Canary 入口。该规则允许用户自定义 Request Header 的值,必须与上一个 annotation (即:canary-by-header)一起使用。
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-weight:基于服务权重的流量切分,适用于蓝绿部署,权重范围 0 - 100 按百分比将请求路由到 Canary Ingress 中指定的服务。权重为 0 意味着该金丝雀规则不会向 Canary 入口的服务发送任何请求。权重为 100 意味着所有请求都将被发送到 Canary 入口。
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-cookie:基于 Cookie 的流量切分,适用于灰度发布与 A/B 测试。用于通知 Ingress 将请求路由到 Canary Ingress 中指定的服务的cookie。当 cookie 值设置为 always时,它将被路由到 Canary 入口;当 cookie 值设置为 never时,请求不会被发送到 Canary 入口;对于任何其他值,将忽略 cookie 并将请求与其他金丝雀规则进行优先级的比较。 定义两个版本的代码。

创建两个同域名的ingress

v2版

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary: "true"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header: heian
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header-value: v2
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-weight: "50"
  name: ingress-heian2
  namespace: heian
spec:
  rules:
  - host: ingress.heian.com
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: ingress-heian2
          servicePort: 80
        path: /
        pathType: ImplementationSpecific

13、Ingress-nginx自定义错误页面 

github地址:https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/blob/master/docs/examples/customization/custom-errors/custom-default-backend.yaml

kubectl apply -f error.yaml -n heian

修改ds配置文件,添加这个

        - --default-backend-service=heian/nginx-errors

 

验证 

执行 kubectl get pod -n ingress-nginx 查看pod是否已经重启过, 如果没有自动重启,需要杀掉pod。
打开一个不存在的链接, 查看是否显示的是定义的错误页面。
部分浏览器不支持页面显示,如谷歌浏览器会显示“无法显示此网站”

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