JSP发送电子邮件

Posted 2020-09-21 Jim

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以下内容引用自http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/jsp/sending-email.html：

发送一个简单的电子邮件

给出一个简单的例子，从机器上发送一个简单的邮件。假设本地主机连接到互联网，能够足以发送一封电子邮件。

<%@ page import="java.io.*,java.util.*,javax.mail.*"%>
<%@ page import="javax.mail.internet.*,javax.activation.*"%>
<%@ page import="javax.servlet.http.*,javax.servlet.*" %>
<%
   String result;
   // Recipient\'s email ID needs to be mentioned.
   String to = "abcd@gmail.com";

   // Sender\'s email ID needs to be mentioned
   String from = "mcmohd@gmail.com";

   // Assuming you are sending email from localhost
   String host = "localhost";

   // Get system properties object
   Properties properties = System.getProperties();

   // Setup mail server
   properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);

   // Get the default Session object.
   Session mailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);

   try{
      // Create a default MimeMessage object.
      MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(mailSession);
      // Set From: header field of the header.
      message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
      // Set To: header field of the header.
      message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,
                               new InternetAddress(to));
      // Set Subject: header field
      message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
      // Now set the actual message
      message.setText("This is actual message");
      // Send message
      Transport.send(message);
      result = "Sent message successfully....";
   }catch (MessagingException mex) {
      mex.printStackTrace();
      result = "Error: unable to send message....";
   }
%>
<html>
<head>
<title>Send Email using JSP</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>Send Email using JSP</h1>
</center>
<p align="center">
<% 
   out.println("Result: " + result + "\\n");
%>
</p>
</body>
</html>

现在将上面的代码放在SendEmail.jsp文件，并且使用URL：http://localhost:8080/SendEmail.jsp来调用此JSP，将电子邮件发送到给定的邮箱ID为abcd@gmail.com中，显示的响应结果如下所示。

如果想给多个收件人发送邮件，下面的方法可用于发送邮件给指定的多个邮箱IDs：

void addRecipients(Message.RecipientType type, Address[] addresses) throws MessagingException

下面是对参数的描述：

type：可设置为TO，CC或者BCC。其中，CC表示Carbon Copy，BCC表示Black Carbon Copy。例如，Message.RecipientType.TO。
addresses：它是邮箱ID的数组。能使用InternetAddress()方法，同时指定邮箱IDs。

发送HTML邮件

这个例子与之前给出的例子非常相似，除了在这个例子中使用setContent()方法设置第二个参数为“text/html”，用来指定网页内容包含在这个信息中。

使用这个例子，可以发送与网页内容一样大的邮件。

<%@ page import="java.io.*,java.util.*,javax.mail.*"%>
<%@ page import="javax.mail.internet.*,javax.activation.*"%>
<%@ page import="javax.servlet.http.*,javax.servlet.*" %>
<%
   String result;
   // Recipient\'s email ID needs to be mentioned.
   String to = "abcd@gmail.com";

   // Sender\'s email ID needs to be mentioned
   String from = "mcmohd@gmail.com";

   // Assuming you are sending email from localhost
   String host = "localhost";

   // Get system properties object
   Properties properties = System.getProperties();

   // Setup mail server
   properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);

   // Get the default Session object.
   Session mailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);

   try{
      // Create a default MimeMessage object.
      MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(mailSession);
      // Set From: header field of the header.
      message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
      // Set To: header field of the header.
      message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,
                               new InternetAddress(to));
      // Set Subject: header field
      message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");

      // Send the actual HTML message, as big as you like
      message.setContent("<h1>This is actual message</h1>",
                            "text/html" );
      // Send message
      Transport.send(message);
      result = "Sent message successfully....";
   }catch (MessagingException mex) {
      mex.printStackTrace();
      result = "Error: unable to send message....";
   }
%>
<html>
<head>
<title>Send HTML Email using JSP</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>Send Email using JSP</h1>
</center>
<p align="center">
<% 
   out.println("Result: " + result + "\\n");
%>
</p>
</body>
</html>

现在可以使用上述JSP发送网页信息给指定的邮箱ID。

在电子邮件中发送附件：

给定一个例子，从机器上发送一个带附件的邮箱：

<%@ page import="java.io.*,java.util.*,javax.mail.*"%>
<%@ page import="javax.mail.internet.*,javax.activation.*"%>
<%@ page import="javax.servlet.http.*,javax.servlet.*" %>
<%
   String result;
   // Recipient\'s email ID needs to be mentioned.
   String to = "abcd@gmail.com";

   // Sender\'s email ID needs to be mentioned
   String from = "mcmohd@gmail.com";

   // Assuming you are sending email from localhost
   String host = "localhost";

   // Get system properties object
   Properties properties = System.getProperties();

   // Setup mail server
   properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);

   // Get the default Session object.
   Session mailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);

   try{
      // Create a default MimeMessage object.
      MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(mailSession);

      // Set From: header field of the header.
      message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));

      // Set To: header field of the header.
      message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,
                               new InternetAddress(to));

      // Set Subject: header field
      message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");

      // Create the message part 
      BodyPart messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();

      // Fill the message
      messageBodyPart.setText("This is message body");

      // Create a multipar message
      Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();

      // Set text message part
      multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);

      // Part two is attachment
      messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
      String filename = "file.txt";
      DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename);
      messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));
      messageBodyPart.setFileName(filename);
      multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);

      // Send the complete message parts
      message.setContent(multipart );

      // Send message
      Transport.send(message);
      String title = "Send Email";
      result = "Sent message successfully....";
   }catch (MessagingException mex) {
      mex.printStackTrace();
      result = "Error: unable to send message....";
   }
%>
<html>
<head>
<title>Send Attachement Email using JSP</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>Send Attachement Email using JSP</h1>
</center>
<p align="center">
<% 
   out.println("Result: " + result + "\\n");
%>
</p>
</body>
</html>

现在可以运行上述JSP发送一个文件作为信息的附件给指定邮箱ID。

用户身份验证部分

为了身份验证的目的，如果需要提供用户ID和密码给邮箱服务器，可以设置这些属性如下：

props.setProperty("mail.user", "myuser");
props.setProperty("mail.password", "mypwd");

邮件发送机制的设置和上述的解释一致。

用表单发送邮件

可以使用网页表单接受邮件参数，然后可以使用Request对象获得如下的所有信息：

String to = request.getParameter("to");
String from = request.getParameter("from");
String subject = request.getParameter("subject");
String messageText = request.getParameter("body");

测试工程：https://github.com/easonjim/5_java_example/tree/master/jspbasics/test16

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