js抽象工厂模式

Posted 2020-09-06 codeing or artist ?

抽象工厂模式，提供一个创建一系列相关或相互依赖对象的接口，而无需指定它们具体的类。

抽象工厂允许客户使用抽象的接口来创建一组相关产品，而不需要知道或关心实际生产出的具体产品是什么。这样客户就可以从具体产品中被解耦。下面通过抽象工模式的类图来了解各个类中之间的关系：

抽象工厂的分析

抽象工厂模式将具体产品的创建延迟到具体工厂的子类中，这样将对象的创建封装起来，可以减少客户端与具体产品类之间的依赖，从而使系统耦合度低，这 样更有利于后期的维护和扩展，这真是抽象工厂模式的优点所在，然后抽象模式同时也存在不足的地方。下面就具体看下抽象工厂的缺点（缺点其实在前面的介绍中 以已经涉及了）：

抽象工厂模式很难支持新种类产品的变化。这是因为抽象工厂接口中已经确定了可以被创建的产品集合，如果需要添加新产品，此时就必须去修改抽象工厂的接口，这样就涉及到抽象工厂类的以及所有子类的改变，这样也就违背了“开发——封闭”原则。

知道了抽象工厂的优缺点之后，也就能很好地把握什么情况下考虑使用抽象工厂模式了，下面就具体看看使用抽象工厂模式的系统应该符合那几个前提：

• 一个系统不要求依赖产品类实例如何被创建、组合和表达的表达，这点也是所有工厂模式应用的前提。
• 这个系统有多个系列产品，而系统中只消费其中某一系列产品
• 系统要求提供一个产品类的库，所有产品以同样的接口出现，客户端不需要依赖具体实现。

C#抽象工厂-多数据库：

namespace 抽象工厂多数据库
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            User user = new User();
            Department dept = new Department();

            //AbstractFactory factory = new SqlServerFactory();
            IFactory factory = new AccessFactory();
            IUser iu = factory.CreateUser();

            iu.Insert(user);
            iu.GetUser(1);

            IDepartment id = factory.CreateDepartment();
            id.Insert(dept);
            id.GetDepartment(1);

            Console.Read();
        }
    }

    class User
    {
        private int _id;
        public int ID
        {
            get { return _id; }
            set { _id = value; }
        }

        private string _name;
        public string Name
        {
            get { return _name; }
            set { _name = value; }
        }
    }

    class Department
    {
        private int _id;
        public int ID
        {
            get { return _id; }
            set { _id = value; }
        }

        private string _deptName;
        public string DeptName
        {
            get { return _deptName; }
            set { _deptName = value; }
        }
    }

    interface IUser
    {
        void Insert(User user);

        User GetUser(int id);
    }

    class SqlserverUser : IUser
    {
        public void Insert(User user)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("在Sqlserver中给User表增加一条记录");
        }

        public User GetUser(int id)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("在Sqlserver中根据ID得到User表一条记录");
            return null;
        }
    }

    class AccessUser : IUser
    {
        public void Insert(User user)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("在Access中给User表增加一条记录");
        }

        public User GetUser(int id)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("在Access中根据ID得到User表一条记录");
            return null;
        }
    }

    interface IDepartment
    {
        void Insert(Department department);

        Department GetDepartment(int id);
    }

    class SqlserverDepartment : IDepartment
    {
        public void Insert(Department department)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("在Sqlserver中给Department表增加一条记录");
        }

        public Department GetDepartment(int id)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("在Sqlserver中根据ID得到Department表一条记录");
            return null;
        }
    }

    class AccessDepartment : IDepartment
    {
        public void Insert(Department department)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("在Access中给Department表增加一条记录");
        }

        public Department GetDepartment(int id)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("在Access中根据ID得到Department表一条记录");
            return null;
        }
    }

    interface IFactory
    {
        IUser CreateUser();

        IDepartment CreateDepartment();
    }

    class SqlServerFactory : IFactory
    {
        public IUser CreateUser()
        {
            return new SqlserverUser();
        }

        public IDepartment CreateDepartment()
        {
            return new SqlserverDepartment();
        }
    }

    class AccessFactory : IFactory
    {
        public IUser CreateUser()
        {
            return new AccessUser();
        }

        public IDepartment CreateDepartment()
        {
            return new AccessDepartment();
        }
    }
}

 

C#抽象工厂-用简单工厂来改进：

namespace 抽象工厂用简单工厂来改进
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            User user = new User();
            Department dept = new Department();

            IUser iu = DataAccess.CreateUser();

            iu.Insert(user);
            iu.GetUser(1);

            IDepartment id = DataAccess.CreateDepartment();
            id.Insert(dept);
            id.GetDepartment(1);

            Console.Read();
        }
    }

    class User
    {
        private int _id;
        public int ID
        {
            get { return _id; }
            set { _id = value; }
        }

        private string _name;
        public string Name
        {
            get { return _name; }
            set { _name = value; }
        }
    }

    class Department
    {
        private int _id;
        public int ID
        {
            get { return _id; }
            set { _id = value; }
        }

        private string _deptName;
        public string DeptName
        {
            get { return _deptName; }
            set { _deptName = value; }
        }
    }

    interface IUser
    {
        void Insert(User user);

        User GetUser(int id);
    }

    class SqlserverUser : IUser
    {
        public void Insert(User user)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("在Sqlserver中给User表增加一条记录");
        }

        public User GetUser(int id)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("在Sqlserver中根据ID得到User表一条记录");
            return null;
        }
    }

    class AccessUser : IUser
    {
        public void Insert(User user)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("在Access中给User表增加一条记录");
        }

        public User GetUser(int id)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("在Access中根据ID得到User表一条记录");
            return null;
        }
    }

    interface IDepartment
    {
        void Insert(Department department);

        Department GetDepartment(int id);
    }

    class SqlserverDepartment : IDepartment
    {
        public void Insert(Department department)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("在Sqlserver中给Department表增加一条记录");
        }

        public Department GetDepartment(int id)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("在Sqlserver中根据ID得到Department表一条记录");
            return null;
        }
    }

    class AccessDepartment : IDepartment
    {
        public void Insert(Department department)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("在Access中给Department表增加一条记录");
        }

        public Department GetDepartment(int id)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("在Access中根据ID得到Department表一条记录");
            return null;
        }
    }

    class DataAccess
    {
        private static readonly string AssemblyName = "抽象工厂用简单工厂来改进";
        private static readonly string db = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["DB"];

        public static IUser CreateUser()
        {
            string className = AssemblyName + "." + db + "User";
            return (IUser)Assembly.Load(AssemblyName).CreateInstance(className);
        }

        public static IDepartment CreateDepartment()
        {
            string className = AssemblyName + "." + db + "Department";
            return (IDepartment)Assembly.Load(AssemblyName).CreateInstance(className);
        }
    }
}