Spring学习(十六)----- Spring AOP实例(Pointcut(切点),Advisor)
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在上一个Spring AOP通知的例子,一个类的整个方法被自动拦截。但在大多数情况下,可能只需要一种方式来拦截一个或两个方法,这就是为什么引入‘切入点‘的原因。它允许你通过它的方法名来拦截方法。另外,一个“切入点”必须具有“Advisor‘ 相关联。
在Spring AOP中,有三个非常专业术语- Advices, Pointcut , Advisor,把它在非官方的方式...
- Advice(通知) – 指示之前或方法执行后采取的行动。
- Pointcut(切点)– 指明哪些方法应该拦截,通过方法的名称或正则表达式模式。
- Advisor – 分组"通知"和”切点“成为一个单元,并把它传递到代理工厂对象。
再次回顾上一个 Spring AOP通知的例子。
File : CustomerService.java
package com.yiibai.customer.services; public class CustomerService { private String name; private String url; public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void setUrl(String url) { this.url = url; } public void printName(){ System.out.println("Customer name : " + this.name); } public void printURL(){ System.out.println("Customer website : " + this.url); } public void printThrowException(){ throw new IllegalArgumentException(); } }
File : applicationContext.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="customerService" class="com.yiibai.customer.services.CustomerService"> <property name="name" value="Yong Mook Kim" /> <property name="url" value="http://www.yiibai.com" /> </bean> <bean id="hijackAroundMethodBeanAdvice" class="com.yiibai.aop.HijackAroundMethod" /> <bean id="customerServiceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean"> <property name="target" ref="customerService" /> <property name="interceptorNames"> <list> <value>hijackAroundMethodBeanAdvice</value> </list> </property> </bean> </beans>
File : HijackAroundMethod.java
package com.yiibai.aop; import java.util.Arrays; import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor; import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation; public class HijackAroundMethod implements MethodInterceptor { @Override public Object invoke(MethodInvocation methodInvocation) throws Throwable { System.out.println("Method name : " + methodInvocation.getMethod().getName()); System.out.println("Method arguments : " + Arrays.toString(methodInvocation.getArguments())); System.out.println("HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked!"); try { Object result = methodInvocation.proceed(); System.out.println("HijackAroundMethod : Before after hijacked!"); return result; } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { System.out.println("HijackAroundMethod : Throw exception hijacked!"); throw e; } } }
执行它
package com.yiibai.common; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import com.yiibai.customer.services.CustomerService; public class App { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( new String[] { "applicationContext.xml" }); CustomerService cust = (CustomerService) appContext .getBean("customerServiceProxy"); System.out.println("*************************"); cust.printName(); System.out.println("*************************"); cust.printURL(); System.out.println("*************************"); try { cust.printThrowException(); } catch (Exception e) { } } }
输出
************************* Method name : printName Method arguments : [] HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked! Customer name : Yiibai HijackAroundMethod : Before after hijacked! ************************* Method name : printURL Method arguments : [] HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked! Customer website : http://www.yiibai.com HijackAroundMethod : Before after hijacked! ************************* Method name : printThrowException Method arguments : [] HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked! HijackAroundMethod : Throw exception hijacked!
客户服务类的全部方法被截获。后来,我们展示如何使用“切入点”只拦截printName()方法。
切入点的例子
可以通过以下两种方式相匹配的方法:
- 名称匹配
- 正则表达式匹配
1.切入点 - 名称匹配的例子
通过“切入点”和“advisor”拦截printName()方法。创建NameMatchMethodPointcut切入点bean,并提出要在“mappedName”属性值来拦截方法名。
<bean id="customerPointcut"
class="org.springframework.aop.support.NameMatchMethodPointcut">
<property name="mappedName" value="printName" />
</bean>
创建 DefaultPointcutAdvisor 通知 bean,通知和切入点相关联。
<bean id="customerAdvisor"
class="org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor">
<property name="pointcut" ref="customerPointcut" />
<property name="advice" ref="hijackAroundMethodBeanAdvice" />
</bean>
更换代理“interceptorNames”到“customerAdvisor”(它是“hijackAroundMethodBeanAdvice”)。
<bean id="customerServiceProxy"
class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
<property name="target" ref="customerService" />
<property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>customerAdvisor</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
全部bean配置文件
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="customerService" class="com.yiibai.customer.services.CustomerService"> <property name="name" value="Yiibai" /> <property name="url" value="http://www.yiibai.com" /> </bean> <bean id="hijackAroundMethodBeanAdvice" class="com.yiibai.aop.HijackAroundMethod" /> <bean id="customerServiceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean"> <property name="target" ref="customerService" /> <property name="interceptorNames"> <list> <value>customerAdvisor</value> </list> </property> </bean> <bean id="customerPointcut" class="org.springframework.aop.support.NameMatchMethodPointcut"> <property name="mappedName" value="printName" /> </bean> <bean id="customerAdvisor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor"> <property name="pointcut" ref="customerPointcut" /> <property name="advice" ref="hijackAroundMethodBeanAdvice" /> </bean> </beans>
再次运行,输出
************************* Method name : printName Method arguments : [] HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked! Customer name : Yiibai HijackAroundMethod : Before after hijacked! ************************* Customer website : http://www.yiibai.com *************************
现在,只拦截 printName()方法。
PointcutAdvisor
Spring提供了PointcutAdvisor类来保存工作声明advisor和切入点到不同的bean,可以使用 NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvisor 两者结合成一个 bean。
<bean id="customerAdvisor"
class="org.springframework.aop.support.NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvisor">
<property name="mappedName" value="printName" />
<property name="advice" ref="hijackAroundMethodBeanAdvice" />
</bean>
2.切入点 - 正则表达式的例子
也可以通过使用正则表达式匹配切入点方法的名称 – RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor.
<bean id="customerAdvisor"
class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor">
<property name="patterns">
<list>
<value>.*URL.*</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="advice" ref="hijackAroundMethodBeanAdvice" />
</bean>
现在,它拦截方法名称中有“URL”的方法。在实践中,可以用它来管理DAO层,声明“.*DAO.*” 拦截所有的DAO类来支持事务。
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