三十一被动语态

Posted 2022-05-04 we1less

语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明 主语 和 谓语动词 之间的关系

        [例1]：I teach English every day.        我每天教英语

                主语 I 是谓语动词 teach 的 动作的执行者 主动句

        [例2]：English is learned everywhere.        英语到处被学习 被动句

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[ 被动语态的构成 ]

被动语态由 助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词 构成

助动词 be 有时态，人称和数的变化

一般现在时态：[ is / are / am (助动词) ] + told (过去分词)

一般过去时态：[ was / were (助动词) ] + told (过去分词)

一般将来时态：will (助动词) + be (助动词)  + told (过去分词)

                         [ is / are / am ] + going to be told (过去分词)

现在进行时态：[ is / are / am (助动词) ] + being (助动词) + told (过去分词)

现在完成时态：has / have (助动词) + been (助动词) + told (过去分词)

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被动语态中出现的介词 by

by 是一个介词，在被动语态里面的意思是 "被"，中文中一般不翻译

注意：被动语态中没有宾语，双宾动词例外

        主语 + 复合谓语 + 状语

        [例1]：I am helped by you.        am helped 复合谓语  by you 方式状语

        [例2]：The song is sung in China.        is sung 复合谓语  in China 地点状语

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[ 一般现在时态 被动句构成 ]

主语 + is / are / am (助动词) + 及物动词的过去分词 + 状语

        [例1]：I am believed by my friends.

        [例2]：English books are often bought by me.

        [例3]：This song is often sung by children.

        [例4]：He is cheated.        他被骗(经常)

        [例5]：You are discouraged.        你受打击(经常)

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[ 一般过去时态 被动句构成 ]

主语 + was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 + 过去的时间状语

        [例1]：The house was built in 1930.        这个房子建于1930年

        [例2]：Her birthday party was held last week.        她的生日聚会是上周举行的

        [例3]：The problem was discussed yesterday.        昨天讨论这个问题

        [例4]：Many people were killed last year.        去年很多人被杀

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[ 一般将来时态 被动句构成 ]

主语 + will + be + 及物动词的过去分词 + 将来的时间状语

        [例1]：Many buildings will be built in my hometown.       

                在我的家乡，很多大楼将要建起来

        [例2]：The Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in few months. 

                几个月之后，奥运会将在北京举行

主语 + be going to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 + 将来的时间状语

        [例1]：I am going to be punished tonight.        我今晚要被惩罚

        [例2]：She is going to be forgiven tomorrow.        她明天会被原谅的

        [例3]：We are going to be abandoned in the future.        我们以后会被抛弃的

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[ 现在进行时态 被动句构成 ]

主语 + is / are / am + being + 及物动词的过去分词

注意：现在进行时态的被动语态 中的及物动词过去分词，一定是能用在进行时态中的动词

        [例1]：The chicken wing is being baked.        正在烤这个鸡翅

        [例2]：Many people are being helped.        很多人正在得到帮助

        [例3]：A modern hospital is being built near our school.       

                一座现代化医院正在我们学校附近建起来

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[ 现在完成时态 被动句构成 ]

主语 + has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词

        [例1]：The letters have been posted.        信已经寄出去了

        [例2]：The work has been finished.        工作已经完成了

        [例3]：Your wallet has been found.        你的钱包找到了

        [例4]：These shoes have been made.        这些鞋子做好了

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[ 被动语态的否定句，一般疑问句 ]

在助动词 is are am was were have has will shall would should 后面直接加 not ，构成一般疑问句时将这些 助动词 提到 主语 前

        [例1]：The room was cleaned.        房间被打扫干净了 [ 过去时态 ]

        [例1]：The room was not cleaned.        房间没有被打扫干净

        [例1]：Was the room cleaned?        房间被打扫干净了吗？

                        Yes，it was. 是的        No，it wasn't. 不

        [例2]：The work has been finished.        工作完成了

        [例2]：The work has not been finished.        工作还没有完成

        [例2]：Has the work been finished?        工作完成了吗

                        Yes，it has. 是的        No，it hasn't. 不，还没有完成

        [例3]：I am believed by my wife.        我老婆相信我

        [例3]：I am not believed by my wife.        我老婆不相信我

        [例3]：Am I believed by my wife?        我老婆相信我吗？

                        Yes，I am. 是的        No，i am not. 不

        [例4]：She will be loved in the future.        她以后会被爱的

        [例4]：She will not be loved in the future.        她以后不会被爱的

        [例4]：Will she be loved in the future?        她以后会被爱吗？

        [例5]：The chicken wing is being baked.        正在烤这个鸡翅

        [例5]：The chicken wing is not being baked.        没有正在烤这个鸡翅

        [例5]：Is the chicken wing being baked?        正在烤这个鸡翅吗？

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[ 被动语态的用法 ]

1. 在不知道动作执行者是谁的时候

        [例1]：The house was built last year.        这个房子是去年建的(不知道动作的执行者)

        [例2]：His bike was stolen last night.        他的自行车昨晚被偷了

        [例3]：A school will be built in our hometown.        我们家乡要建一所学校

        [例4]：My pens were taken.        我的钢笔被人拿了

2. 当动作执行者是泛指或不言自明的时候

        [例1]：The books in the library must not be taken away.        图书馆的书不得带走(泛指)

        [例2]：New China was built in 1949.        新中国1949年建立(不言而喻)

3. 虽然知道动作的执行者，但动作的承受着才是谈话的中心或特别需要被强调

        [例1]：My computer has been repaired.        我的电脑修好了 强调 My computer

        [例1]：Xiaoming has repaired my computer.        小明修好了我的电脑 强调 Xiaoming

        [例2]：My watch has been repaired.        我的表修好了

        [例3]：The eggs are sold for 5 yuan per kilogram        这些鸡蛋每公斤5元

4. 处于礼貌，委婉而避免提及自己或对方时

        [例1]：You will be given a test next week.

        [例2]：It is taken.        位置被占了

5. 用在新闻标题，广告，新闻里面 (常常省略 be)

        [例1]：Girl Wanted        招女工 (省略助动词 are)

        [例2]：Road Blocked        道路阻塞 (省略助动词 are)

6. 动作执行者不是人，而是没有生命的事物或抽象概念

        [例1]：The house was washed away be the flood.        房子被洪水冲走

        [例2]：The factory was affected by the financial crisis last year.

                这家工厂去年受到金融危机的影响

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[ 带情态动词的被动语态 ]

主语 + 情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词

        [例1]：All the questions on the exam paper must be answered.        

                试卷上所有的问题都要回答

        [例2]：This work can be done easily.        这个工作很容易做

        [例3]：You should be hanged.        你应该被绞死

        [例4]：You have to be punished.        你必须手惩罚

        [例5]：You may be punished.        你也许会被惩罚

        [例6]：She must be kicked out.        必须把她踢出去

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[ 双宾动词变成被动语态 ]

含有双宾动词的被动句有两种构成方式，一种是用 直接宾语做主语，一种是用 间接宾语做主语

        [例1]：You were given a book.        间接宾语 you 做主语，直接宾语 a book 放后面

        [例1]：A book was given to you.        直接宾语 a book 作主语

        [例2]：I teach you English.

        [例2]：You are taught English.

        [例2]：English is taught to you.

        [例3]：I will tell you a story.

        [例3]：You will be told a story.

        [例3]：A story will be told to you.