Vue axios

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什么是Axios

Axios是基于Promise的Http客户端，可以在浏览器和node.js中使用。

为什么使用Axios

Axios非常适合前后端数据交互，另一种请求后端数据的方式是vue-resource，vue-resource已经不再更新了，且只支持浏览器端使用，而Axios同时支持浏览器和Node端使用。

Vue开发者推荐使用更好的第三方工具，这就是Axios，详细的文件，请参考Evan You的这篇文章。

安装

Axios的安装支持多种方式

npm安装
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npm install axios
cdn
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<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/axios/0.18.0/axios.min.js"></script>

使用方式介绍

接下来，我们使用Django，搭建一个后台程序，并使用Vue Cli搭建一个前端程序，使用Axios进行前后端数据交互。

使用Vue Cli创建一个前端程序
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vue init webpack luffy_fontend

使用Django创建一个后端程序luffy_backend
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django-admin startproject luffy_backend
创建一个courses应用
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cd luffy_backend
python manage.py startapp courses
在models.py中创建两个类
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from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


class Courses(models.Model):
    course_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    course_price = models.IntegerField()
    course_teacher = models.CharField(max_length=16)
    start_date = models.DateField(auto_now=True, null=False)
    end_date = models.DateField(auto_now=True, null=False)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.course_name


class Students(models.Model):
    student_name = models.CharField(max_length=16)
    student_id = models.IntegerField()
    student_phone = models.IntegerField()
    student_address = models.CharField(max_length=128)
插入数据
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// courses_courses
insert into courses_courses(course_name, course_price, course_teacher, start_date, end_date) values(\'Python全栈中级开发\', 12800, \'Pizza\', \'2018-10-01\', \'2018-10-02\');
insert into courses_courses(course_name, course_price, course_teacher, start_date, end_date) values(\'Python全栈高级开发\', 19800, \'Alex\', \'2018-10-03\', \'2018-10-04\');
insert into courses_courses(course_name, course_price, course_teacher, start_date, end_date) values(\'Linux高级运维\', 12800, \'Oldboy\', \'2018-10-05\', \'2018-10-06\');
insert into courses_courses(course_name, course_price, course_teacher, start_date, end_date) values(\'高级网络工程师\', 12800, \'Egon\', \'2018-10-07\', \'2018-10-08\');
insert into courses_courses(course_name, course_price, course_teacher, start_date, end_date) values(\'Go全栈高级开发\', 12800, \'Yuan\', \'2018-10-09\', \'2018-10-10\');
insert into courses_courses(course_name, course_price, course_teacher, start_date, end_date) values(\'Vue高级开发\', 12800, \'Xiaoma\', \'2018-10-11\', \'2018-10-12\');

// courses_students
insert into courses_students(id, student_name, student_id, student_phone, student_address) values(1, \'Alex\', 100001, 1378061875, \'北京市大兴区智障一中\');
insert into courses_students(id, student_name, student_id, student_phone, student_address) values(2, \'Pizza\', 100002, 1378161875, \'北京市朝阳区第一中学\');
insert into courses_students(id, student_name, student_id, student_phone, student_address) values(2, \'Egon\', 100003, 1378261875, \'北京市房山智障三中\');
insert into courses_students(id, student_name, student_id, student_phone, student_address) values(4, \'Oldboy\', 100004, 1378361875, \'北京市大兴区智障三中\');
insert into courses_students(id, student_name, student_id, student_phone, student_address) values(5, \'Yuanhao\', 100005, 1378460275, \'北京市丰台区智障四中\');
insert into courses_students(id, student_name, student_id, student_phone, student_address) values(6, \'Jinxin\', 100006, 1378560875, \'北京市海淀区智障五中\');
在views.py中写好接口
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from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView

import json

from luffy_backend import settings
from .models import Courses
from .models import Students
# Create your views here.


class CoursesView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        print("Courses Get Methods Exec!")
        courses = list()

        for item in Courses.objects.all():

            course = {
                "course_name": item.course_name,
                "course_price": item.course_price,
                \'course_teacher\': item.course_teacher,
                \'start_date\': str(item.start_date),
                \'end_date\': str(item.end_date)
            }

            courses.append(course)

        print(courses)

        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(courses, ensure_ascii=False))


class StudentsView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        print("Student Get Methods Exec!")
        students = list()

        for item in Students.objects.all():
            student = {
                \'student_name\': item.student_name,
                \'student_id\': item.student_id,
                \'student_phone\': item.student_phone,
                \'student_address\': item.student_address
            }

            students.append(student)

        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(students, ensure_ascii=False))

    def post(self, request):
        print("Student Post Methods Exec!")
        print(request.body.decode(\'utf-8\'))

        response = json.dumps(request.POST)
        return HttpResponse(response)
定义接口

配置后台接口

注意，修改配置文件后，需要重启前端服务器。

在Vue Cli中使用axios
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// The Vue build version to load with the `import` command
// (runtime-only or standalone) has been set in webpack.base.conf with an alias.
import Vue from \'vue\'
import App from \'./App\'
import router from \'./router\'
import store from \'./store\'
import axios from "axios"


Vue.prototype.$axios = axios;
Vue.config.productionTip = false;

new Vue({
  el: \'#app\',
  router,
  template: \'<App></App>\',
  components: {
    App
  },
  store: store
});
获取课程信息
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<template>
  <div>
    <span>这是课程详情页面</span>
    <button @click="getCourses">点击获取全部课程</button>
    <div v-if="isShow">
      <table border="1">
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th>课程名称</th>
            <th>课程价格</th>
            <th>授课老师</th>
            <th>开课日期</th>
            <th>结课日期</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr v-for="(course, index) in courses" :key="index">
            <td>{{ course.course_name }}</td>
            <td>{{ course.course_price }}</td>
            <td>{{ course.course_teacher }}</td>
            <td>{{ course.start_date }}</td>
            <td>{{ course.end_date }}</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </div>
  </div>

</template>

<script>
  export default {
    name: "Courses",
    data() {
      return {
        isShow: false,
        courses: []
      }
    },
    methods: {
      getCourses: function () {
        let ts = this;
        this.$axios.get(\'/api/course/1/\')
        .then(function (response) {
          ts.isShow = true;
          ts.courses = response.data;
        })
        .catch(function (error) {
          console.log(error);
      });
      }
    }
  }
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>
获取学生信息
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<template>
  <div>
    <span>这是学员信息页面</span>
    <button @click="getStudents">点击获取学生信息</button>
    <button @click="changeStudents">点击修改学生信息</button>
    <div v-if="isShow">
      <table border="1">
      <thead>
        <tr>
          <th>学生ID</th>
          <th>学生姓名</th>
          <th>学生电话</th>
          <th>学生地址</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr v-for="(student, index) in students" :key="index">
          <td>{{ student.student_id }}</td>
          <td><input v-model="student.student_name"/></td>
          <td><input v-model="student.student_phone"/></td>
          <td><input v-model="student.student_address"/></td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  export default {
    name: "Students",
    data() {
      return {
        isShow: false,
        students: []
      }
    },
    methods: {
      getStudents: function () {
        let ts = this;
        this.$axios.get(\'/api/student/1/\')
          .then(function (response) {
            console.log(response);
            ts.isShow = true;
            ts.students = response.data;
          })
          .catch(function (error) {
            console.log(error);
          })
      },
      changeStudents: function () {
        let ts = this;
        this.$axios.post(\'/api/student/2/\', {
          student_name: 1,
          student_id: 100001,
          student_phone: 1347658765,
          student_address: "北京市石景山区智障六中"
        })
          .then(function (response) {

          })
          .catch(function (error) {
            console.log(error);
          })
      }
    }
  }
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>
处理跨域问题

发送post请求时，需要解决跨域问题，我们采用在Django中自定义一个处理跨域问题的中间件来解决这个问题。

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from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin


class MyCore(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_response(self, request, response):
        response["Access-Control-Allow-Origin"] = \'*\'
        if request.method == \'OPTIONS\':
            response["Access-Control-Allow-Headers"] = \'Content-Type\'
            response["Access-Control-Allow-Methods"] = \'POST, DELETE, PUT\'
        return response

以上，就是我们通过Axios的get和post请求与后台进行数据交互的全过程。

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