CentOS7 x86_64 环境 MySQL 5.7 安装教程

Posted 2022-05-30 闭关苦炼内功

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CentOS7 x86_64 环境 mysql 5.7 安装教程

文章目录

0. 卸载系统自带 MySQL 相关依赖
1. 下载 MySQL 安装包
2. 解压 MySQL 安装包
3. 配置 mysql 用户
4. 配置系统环境变量
5. 配置数据存储目录
6. 配置 my.cnf 文件
7. 初始化数据库
8. 查看生成的密码
9. 启动 MySQL 数据库
10. 配置开机自启动 MySQL 数据库
11. 启停 MySQL 数据库
12. 登录 MySQL 数据库
13. 修改 MySQL 数据库密码
14. 重新登录 MySQL 数据库，创建用户并授予权限
15. 确保防火墙是关掉的，或者放行端口

0. 卸载系统自带 MySQL 相关依赖

[root@hadoop102 ~]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
[root@hadoop102 ~]#
[root@hadoop102 ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@hadoop102 ~]#
[root@hadoop102 ~]# yum remove mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 -y
[root@hadoop102 ~]#
[root@hadoop102 ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb*
[root@hadoop102 ~]#

1. 下载 MySQL 安装包

（以mysql-5.7.35-el7-x86_64.tar.gz为例）

[root@hadoop102 ~]# mkdir /datafs/software,module
[root@hadoop102 ~]# cd software
[root@hadoop102 software]# wget http://decs.pcl.ac.cn:5189/mirrors/x86_64/db/MySQL/linux-version/x86/mysql-5.7.35-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
--2022-03-04 11:11:52--  http://decs.pcl.ac.cn:5189/mirrors/x86_64/db/MySQL/linux-version/x86/mysql-5.7.35-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
正在解析主机 decs.pcl.ac.cn (decs.pcl.ac.cn)... 210.22.22.150
正在连接 decs.pcl.ac.cn (decs.pcl.ac.cn)|210.22.22.150|:5189... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：732374542 (698M) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: “mysql-5.7.35-el7-x86_64.tar.gz”

100%[===============================================================================================================================================>] 732,374,542 4.39MB/s 用时 3m 48s

2022-03-04 11:15:40 (3.06 MB/s) - 已保存 “mysql-5.7.35-el7-x86_64.tar.gz” [732374542/732374542])

[root@hadoop102 software]#

也可以去官方网站下载

2. 解压 MySQL 安装包

[root@hadoop102 software]# tar -zxf mysql-5.7.35-el7-x86_64.tar.gz -C /datafs/module/
[root@hadoop102 module]# mv mysql-5.7.35-el7-x86_64 mysql-5.7.35

3. 配置 mysql 用户

[root@hadoop102 module]# groupadd mysql
[root@hadoop102 module]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
[root@hadoop102 module]# chown -R mysql. mysql-5.7.35
[root@hadoop102 module]# cd mysql-5.7.35

4. 配置系统环境变量

[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# echo "export MYSQL_HOME=/datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35" >> /etc/profile.d/my_env.sh
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin" >> /etc/profile.d/my_env.sh
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# cat /etc/profile.d/my_env.sh
export MYSQL_HOME=/datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# source /etc/profile.d/my_env.sh

5. 配置数据存储目录

[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# mkdir data,logs;chown -R mysql. ./*
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]#
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# cd data/

6. 配置 my.cnf 文件

[root@hadoop102 data]# pwd
/datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35/data
[root@hadoop102 data]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@hadoop102 data]#
[root@hadoop102 data]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]
port = 3306
basedir = /datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35
datadir = /datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35/data
pid-file = /datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35/data/mysql.pid
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

sql_mode=ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
#ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

max_connections=2000

default_storage_engine=INNODB
lower_case_table_names=1

user = mysql

# skip-grant-tables

server-id = 1
character-set-server = utf8mb4
log_error = /datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35/logs/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35/logs/mysql-slow.log
performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

# 加上下面这一行，保证日志跟系统时间保持一致
log_timestamps=SYSTEM

[mysqld_safe]
general_log = 1
log-output = 'FILE,TABLE'
gerneral_log_file = /datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35/logs/mysqld.log
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35/logs/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time = 5
log-error = /datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35/logs/mysql-error.log

[mysqldump]
quick
default-character-set = utf8mb4
max_allowed_packet = 256M
[root@hadoop102 data]#

7. 初始化数据库

[root@hadoop102 data]# cd ..
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35 --datadir=/datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35/data

8. 查看生成的密码

[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# grep "password" /datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35/logs/mysql-error.log
2022-03-07T16:12:59.040388+08:00 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: YqfwlliC&5<p
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]#

9. 启动 MySQL 数据库

[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# /datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35/support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]#

10. 配置开机自启动 MySQL 数据库

[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# cp -a /datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# chkconfig --add mysqld

[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# chkconfig --list mysqld

注：该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务，并不包含
原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据
可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。

      要列出 systemd 服务，请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。
      查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。

mysqld          0:关    1:关    2:开    3:开    4:开    5:开    6:关
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]#

11. 启停 MySQL 数据库

[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]#

[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# service mysqld status
 SUCCESS! MySQL running (34030)
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]#

[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.
. SUCCESS!
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]#

[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# service mysqld status
 ERROR! MySQL is not running
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]#

[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]#

[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 一 2022-03-07 16:17:29 CST; 1s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 35050 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           ├─35069 /bin/sh /datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35/data --pid-file=/datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35/data/mysql.pid
           └─35476 /datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35/bin/mysqld --basedir=/datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35 --datadir=/datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35/data --plugin-dir=/datafs/module/mysql-5.7.35/li...

3月 07 16:17:27 hadoop102 systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...
3月 07 16:17:29 hadoop102 mysqld[35050]: Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
3月 07 16:17:29 hadoop102 systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]#

[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# service mysqld status
 SUCCESS! MySQL running (35476)
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]#

12. 登录 MySQL 数据库

[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# mysql -uroot -p'YqfwlliC&5<p'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.35-log

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\\h' for help. Type '\\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

13. 修改 MySQL 数据库密码

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Yq_f7w!lli9C&5<p';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit;
Bye
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]#

14. 重新登录 MySQL 数据库，创建用户并授予权限

可以参考之前这篇文章

mysql 用户权限管理之增删改查

[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# mysql -uroot -p'Yq_f7w!lli9C&5<p'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.35-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\\h' for help. Type '\\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select `user`,`host` from mysql.user;
+---------------+-----------+
| user          | host      |
+---------------+-----------+
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys     | localhost |
| root          | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'demo'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql>

mysql> select `user`,`host` from mysql.user;
+---------------+-----------+
| user          | host      |
+---------------+-----------+
| demo          | localhost |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys     | localhost |
| root          | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
mysql> select * from mysql.user where `user`="demo";
+-----------+------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+----------------+
| Host      | User | Select_priv | Insert_priv | Update_priv | Delete_priv | Create_priv | Drop_priv | Reload_priv | Shutdown_priv | Process_priv | File_priv | Grant_priv | References_priv | Index_priv | Alter_priv | Show_db_priv | Super_priv | Create_tmp_table_priv | Lock_tables_priv | Execute_priv | Repl_slave_priv | Repl_client_priv | Create_view_priv | Show_view_priv | Create_routine_priv | Alter_routine_priv | Create_user_priv | Event_priv | Trigger_priv | Create_tablespace_priv | ssl_type | ssl_cipher | x509_issuer | x509_subject | max_questions | max_updates | max_connections | max_user_connections | plugin                | authentication_string                     | password_expired | password_last_changed | password_lifetime | account_locked |
+-----------+------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+----------------+
| localhost | demo | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y         | Y           | Y             | Y            | Y         | Y          | Y               | Y          | Y          | Y            | Y          | Y                     | Y                | Y            | Y               | Y                | Y                | Y              | Y                   | Y                  | Y                | Y          | Y            | Y                      |          |            |             |              |             0 |           0 |               0 |                    0 | mysql_native_password | *2470C0C06DEE42FD1618BB99005ADCA2EC9D1E19 | N                | 2022-03-07 16:22:19   |              NULL | N              |
+-----------+------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
mysql> ALTER USER 'demo'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mU$N(O#4>wem_cu*t%4%p';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set password for 'demo'@'localhost'=password("mU$N(O#4>w@em_c!u*t%4.p");
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> update mysql.user set `host`="%" where `user`="demo";
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select `user`,`host` from mysql.user;
+---------------+-----------+
| user          | host      |
+---------------+-----------+
| demo          | %         |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys     | localhost |
| root          | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit;
Bye
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# hostname -I
192.168.20.102
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# mysql -udemo -p'mU$N(O#4>w@em_c!u*t%4.p'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.7.35-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\\h' for help. Type '\\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit;
Bye

15. 确保防火墙是关掉的，或者放行端口

[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]#
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]# service iptables status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status iptables.service
Unit iptables.service could not be found.
[root@hadoop102 mysql-5.7.35]#

如果墙是开着的，那就需要放行端口

请参考此文

Linux防火墙放行端口

在线安装的文章数不胜数，离线安装的此文是相对来说比较详细的了

我们下期见，拜拜！

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