用最简单的话搞明白 apt 和 apt-get 的差异

Posted 2022-02-14 Data-Mining

目录

前言

正文

apt

apt-get

二者之间的差异

二者共存的原因

总结

花絮 

apt-cache show apt 命令

apt show apt 命令

---

前言

经常鼓捣服务器的小伙伴在某个时间点肯定有过这样的疑问：apt 和 apt-get 到底有什么不同，用起来好像没有什么不同？

正文

apt

apt 是用来管理 linux 系统软件包的工具，比如软件的安装、卸载、升级、删除。apt 是一个比较新的工具集，第一个版本是在2014年发布的，后来经过两年的实践才逐渐为人们所知。

apt-get

apt-get 也是用来管理 linux 系统软件包的工具，基本上可以实现 apt 工具集的功能。只是 apt-get 是一个比较老的工具集，第一个版本是在1998年发布的，由于 apt-get 可以非常容易的解决软件之间的依赖关系，在 linux 系统中被广泛使用。

二者之间的差异

下面通过一些常用的功能，来了解一下二者的差异。

命令的功能	apt 命令	取代的命令
安装软件包	apt install	apt-get install
删除软件包	apt remove	apt-get remove
移除软件包及配置文件	apt purge	apt-get purge
刷新存储库索引	apt update	apt-get update
升级所有可升级的软件包	apt upgrade	apt-get upgrade
自动删除不需要的包	apt autoremove	apt-get autoremove
在升级软件包时自动处理依赖关系	apt full-upgrade	apt-get dist-upgrade
搜索应用程序	apt search	apt-cache search
显示包信息	apt show	apt-cache show

二者共存的原因

尽管 apt 是一个新工具，推出目的多少也是为了代替 apt-get，但是为什么现在很多有经验的运维老人都还在用 apt-get ？因为，在运维一些比较老的系统时，apt 还没有安装，apt-get 反而是预装好的。

总结

其实，apt 和 apt-get 的差异可以总结为一句话：apt 新 apt-get 旧，apt 的功能由 apt-get 和 apt-cache 凑。

花絮 

实例体验一下 apt  show 命令和 apt-cache show 命令的区别 ，用来查看 apt 包的信息。

apt-cache show apt 命令

root@ubuntu ~# apt-cache show apt
Package: apt
Architecture: amd64
Version: 1.2.35
Priority: important
Section: admin
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <[e-mail]>
Original-Maintainer: APT Development Team <[e-mail]>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Installed-Size: 3522
Depends: libapt-pkg5.0 (>= 1.2.35), libc6 (>= 2.15), libgcc1 (>= 1:3.0), libstdc++6 (>= 5.2), init-system-helpers (>= 1.18~), ubuntu-keyring, gpgv | gpgv2, gnupg | gnupg2, adduser
Suggests: aptitude | synaptic | wajig, dpkg-dev (>= 1.17.2), apt-doc, python-apt
Breaks: apt-utils (<< 1.1.3), manpages-it (<< 2.80-4~), manpages-pl (<< 20060617-3~), openjdk-6-jdk (<< 6b24-1.11-0ubuntu1~), sun-java5-jdk (>> 0), sun-java6-jdk (>> 0)
Replaces: bash-completion (<< 1:2.1-4.2+fakesync1), manpages-it (<< 2.80-4~), manpages-pl (<< 20060617-3~), openjdk-6-jdk (<< 6b24-1.11-0ubuntu1~), sun-java5-jdk (>> 0), sun-java6-jdk (>> 0)
Filename: pool/main/a/apt/apt_1.2.35_amd64.deb
Size: 1106944
MD5sum: 8869f264153b077ce52d86502ed5ba4f
SHA1: 5365dc0b26dff1aef41caeddf96e97fb74d1c609
SHA256: a458b534d0fda677e2c659ed25fd41fc436afd5136d50b84d7a4a3d8a1fad156
SHA512: dfb6852988355be2b8af38da5d78eb846e541e7232dc193113144317d34e57339296ff7d487926d628cdb5b8e11c2e8bd2e1df5a3d7ee3c91bcbba1ba9d32753
Description-en: commandline package manager
 This package provides commandline tools for searching and
 managing as well as querying information about packages
 as a low-level access to all features of the libapt-pkg library.
 .
 These include:
  * apt-get for retrieval of packages and information about them
    from authenticated sources and for installation, upgrade and
    removal of packages together with their dependencies
  * apt-cache for querying available information about installed
    as well as installable packages
  * apt-cdrom to use removable media as a source for packages
  * apt-config as an interface to the configuration settings
  * apt-key as an interface to manage authentication keys
Description-md5: 9fb97a88cb7383934ef963352b53b4a7
Task: minimal
Build-Essential: yes
Supported: 5y

apt show apt 命令

root@ubuntu ~# apt show apt
Package: apt
Version: 1.2.35
Priority: important
Section: admin
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <[e-mail]>
Original-Maintainer: APT Development Team <[e-mail]>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Installed-Size: 3,607 kB
Depends: libapt-pkg5.0 (>= 1.2.35), libc6 (>= 2.15), libgcc1 (>= 1:3.0), libstdc++6 (>= 5.2), init-system-helpers (>= 1.18~), ubuntu-keyring, gpgv | gpgv2, gnupg | gnupg2, adduser
Suggests: aptitude | synaptic | wajig, dpkg-dev (>= 1.17.2), apt-doc, python-apt
Breaks: apt-utils (<< 1.1.3), manpages-it (<< 2.80-4~), manpages-pl (<< 20060617-3~), openjdk-6-jdk (<< 6b24-1.11-0ubuntu1~), sun-java5-jdk (>> 0), sun-java6-jdk (>> 0)
Replaces: bash-completion (<< 1:2.1-4.2+fakesync1), manpages-it (<< 2.80-4~), manpages-pl (<< 20060617-3~), openjdk-6-jdk (<< 6b24-1.11-0ubuntu1~), sun-java5-jdk (>> 0), sun-java6-jdk (>> 0)
Task: minimal
Build-Essential: yes
Supported: 5y
Download-Size: 1,107 kB
APT-Sources: http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages
Description: commandline package manager
 This package provides commandline tools for searching and
 managing as well as querying information about packages
 as a low-level access to all features of the libapt-pkg library.
 .
 These include:
  * apt-get for retrieval of packages and information about them
    from authenticated sources and for installation, upgrade and
    removal of packages together with their dependencies
  * apt-cache for querying available information about installed
    as well as installable packages
  * apt-cdrom to use removable media as a source for packages
  * apt-config as an interface to the configuration settings
  * apt-key as an interface to manage authentication keys

N: There are 2 additional records. Please use the '-a' switch to see them.

通过对比二者的执行结果，可以发现它们输出的包描述信息还是有所差异的，并不是完全相同。

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