pip和apt-get换源

Posted 2021-11-12 lfri

pip换源

一下方法对pip和pip3同时起作用

永久换源

运行一下命令：

cd ~/.pip

如果提示目录不存在的话,我们要自行创建一个,再进入目录

mkdir ~/.pip
cd ~/.pip

在.pip目录下创建一个pip.conf文件

touch pip.conf

编辑pip.conf文件

sudo gedit ~/.pip/pip.conf

打开pip.conf文件窗口,将以下内容复制到文件中:

[global] 
timeout = 6000
index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple 
[install] 
trusted-host=pypi.douban.com

临时换源

同样以豆瓣镜像源为例,接下来我们安装pygame包,你可以替换成你想安装的其他包的名字.

pip install pygame -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple

这步如果出错,请将命令变换为

pip install pygame -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com

或使用https.

 

apt-get换源

1.寻找国内镜像源

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/

2.配置source  list源

sources.list系统自带的，源是来Ubuntu的官网！安装包比较慢，所以最好切换成国内的。

cd /etc/apt
sudo cp sources.list sources.list.bak
vim sources.list 

输入以下内容：

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

3. 更新源

sudo apt-get update

4.测试：安装sl包

sudo apt-get install sl
sl

 

 官方源：

#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-GNOME 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160421)]/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
## team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical‘s
## ‘partner‘ repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse

 

其他一些命令：

sudo apt-get update  更新源
sudo apt-get install package 安装包
sudo apt-get remove package 删除包
sudo apt-cache search package 搜索软件包
sudo apt-cache show package  获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等
sudo apt-get install package --reinstall  重新安装包
sudo apt-get -f install  修复安装
sudo apt-get remove package --purge 删除包，包括配置文件等
sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境
sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统
sudo apt-cache depends package 了解使用该包依赖那些包
sudo apt-cache rdepends package 查看该包被哪些包依赖
sudo apt-get source package  下载该包的源代码
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包
sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖

 还有一个Ubuntu系统自带的修改安装源的方法，推荐使用，可见博客。

 

 

参考链接：

1、Ubuntu 配置pip国内镜像源加速安装 https://blog.csdn.net/YZXnuaa/article/details/79710673

2、Ubuntu 16.04配置国内高速apt-get更新源  https://blog.csdn.net/llljjlj/article/details/81585663