将一系列父子关系转化为层次树?
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【中文标题】将一系列父子关系转化为层次树?【英文标题】:Convert a series of parent-child relationships into a hierarchical tree? 【发布时间】:2011-02-24 08:05:23 【问题描述】:我有一堆名称-父名称对,我希望将它们变成尽可能少的层次树结构。例如,这些可能是配对:
Child : Parent
H : G
F : G
G : D
E : D
A : E
B : C
C : E
D : NULL
需要转化为(a)层次树:
D
├── E
│ ├── A
│ │ └── B
│ └── C
└── G
├── F
└── H
我想要的最终结果是一组嵌套的 <ul>
元素,每个 <li>
都包含孩子的名字。
配对中没有不一致(孩子是它自己的父母,父母是孩子的孩子等),因此可能可以进行一系列优化。
在 php 中,我如何从包含子 => 父对的数组转到一组嵌套的 <ul>
s?
我感觉涉及到递归,但我还没有清醒到想通。
【问题讨论】:
【参考方案1】:这需要一个非常基本的递归函数将子/父对解析为树结构,并需要另一个递归函数将其打印出来。只有一个功能就足够了,但为了清楚起见,这里有两个(可以在此答案的末尾找到一个组合功能)。
首先初始化子/父对数组:
$tree = array(
'H' => 'G',
'F' => 'G',
'G' => 'D',
'E' => 'D',
'A' => 'E',
'B' => 'C',
'C' => 'E',
'D' => null
);
然后是将该数组解析为层次树结构的函数:
function parseTree($tree, $root = null)
$return = array();
# Traverse the tree and search for direct children of the root
foreach($tree as $child => $parent)
# A direct child is found
if($parent == $root)
# Remove item from tree (we don't need to traverse this again)
unset($tree[$child]);
# Append the child into result array and parse its children
$return[] = array(
'name' => $child,
'children' => parseTree($tree, $child)
);
return empty($return) ? null : $return;
还有一个函数遍历该树以打印出无序列表:
function printTree($tree)
if(!is_null($tree) && count($tree) > 0)
echo '<ul>';
foreach($tree as $node)
echo '<li>'.$node['name'];
printTree($node['children']);
echo '</li>';
echo '</ul>';
以及实际用法:
$result = parseTree($tree);
printTree($result);
这是$result
的内容:
Array(
[0] => Array(
[name] => D
[children] => Array(
[0] => Array(
[name] => G
[children] => Array(
[0] => Array(
[name] => H
[children] => NULL
)
[1] => Array(
[name] => F
[children] => NULL
)
)
)
[1] => Array(
[name] => E
[children] => Array(
[0] => Array(
[name] => A
[children] => NULL
)
[1] => Array(
[name] => C
[children] => Array(
[0] => Array(
[name] => B
[children] => NULL
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
如果您想要更高的效率,您可以将这些功能合二为一并减少迭代次数:
function parseAndPrintTree($root, $tree)
$return = array();
if(!is_null($tree) && count($tree) > 0)
echo '<ul>';
foreach($tree as $child => $parent)
if($parent == $root)
unset($tree[$child]);
echo '<li>'.$child;
parseAndPrintTree($child, $tree);
echo '</li>';
echo '</ul>';
在这样小的数据集上,您只能节省 8 次迭代,但在更大的数据集上,它可能会有所作为。
【讨论】:
大图。如何将 printTree 函数更改为不直接回显树的 html,而是将所有输出 html 保存到变量中并返回它?谢谢 嗨,我认为函数声明必须是 parseAndPrintTree($tree, $root = null) 并且递归调用应该是 parseAndPrintTree($child, $tree);最好的问候【参考方案2】:Yet another Function To Make A Tree(不涉及递归,使用引用代替):
$array = array('H' => 'G', 'F' => 'G', ..., 'D' => null);
function to_tree($array)
$flat = array();
$tree = array();
foreach ($array as $child => $parent)
if (!isset($flat[$child]))
$flat[$child] = array();
if (!empty($parent))
$flat[$parent][$child] =& $flat[$child];
else
$tree[$child] =& $flat[$child];
return $tree;
返回一个像这样的分层数组:
Array(
[D] => Array(
[G] => Array(
[H] => Array()
[F] => Array()
)
...
)
)
使用递归函数可以轻松地将其打印为 HTML 列表。
【讨论】:
+1 - 非常聪明。虽然我发现递归解决方案更合乎逻辑。但我更喜欢你的函数的输出格式。 @Eric 更合乎逻辑?我不敢苟同。递归中没有任何“逻辑”。 OTOH 在解析递归函数/调用时会产生严重的认知开销。如果没有明确的堆栈分配,我会每天进行迭代而不是递归。 This solution is benchmarked below【参考方案3】:将$tree
中的平面结构转换为层次结构的另一种更简化的方法。公开它只需要一个临时数组:
// add children to parents
$flat = array(); # temporary array
foreach ($tree as $name => $parent)
$flat[$name]['name'] = $name; # self
if (NULL === $parent)
# no parent, is root element, assign it to $tree
$tree = &$flat[$name];
else
# has parent, add self as child
$flat[$parent]['children'][] = &$flat[$name];
unset($flat);
这就是将层次结构放入多维数组的全部内容:
Array
(
[children] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[children] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[name] => H
)
[1] => Array
(
[name] => F
)
)
[name] => G
)
[1] => Array
(
[name] => E
[children] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[name] => A
)
[1] => Array
(
[children] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[name] => B
)
)
[name] => C
)
)
)
)
[name] => D
)
如果您想避免递归(可能是大型结构的负担),输出就不那么简单了。
我一直想解决输出数组的 UL/LI “困境”。困境是,每个项目不知道孩子是否会跟进或需要关闭多少前面的元素。在另一个答案中,我已经通过使用RecursiveIteratorIterator
并寻找getDepth()
和我自己编写的Iterator
提供的其他元信息解决了这个问题:Getting nested set model into a <ul>
but hiding “closed” subtrees。 answer 也表明,使用迭代器时您非常灵活。
但是,这是一个预先排序的列表,因此不适合您的示例。此外,我一直想用一种标准的树结构和 HTML 的 <ul>
和 <li>
元素来解决这个问题。
我提出的基本概念如下:
TreeNode
- 将每个元素抽象为一个简单的TreeNode
类型,该类型可以提供它的值(例如Name
)以及它是否有子元素。
TreeNodesIterator
- 一个RecursiveIterator
,能够遍历这些TreeNodes
的集合(数组)。这相当简单,因为 TreeNode
类型已经知道它是否有孩子以及哪些孩子。
RecursiveListIterator
- 一个RecursiveIteratorIterator
,它具有递归迭代任何类型的RecursiveIterator
时所需的所有事件:
beginIteration
/ endIteration
- 主列表的开始和结束。
beginElement
/ endElement
- 每个元素的开始和结束。
beginChildren
/ endChildren
- 每个子列表的开始和结束。
这个RecursiveListIterator
仅以函数调用的形式提供这些事件。子列表,因为它是典型的 <ul><li>
列表,在其父 <li>
元素内打开和关闭。因此,endElement
事件在相应的endChildren
事件之后触发。这可以更改或可配置以扩大此类的使用。这些事件作为函数调用分发给装饰器对象,然后将它们分开。
ListDecorator
- 一个“装饰器”类,它只是RecursiveListIterator
事件的接收者。
我从主输出逻辑开始。采用现在分层的$tree
数组,最终代码如下所示:
$root = new TreeNode($tree);
$it = new TreeNodesIterator(array($root));
$rit = new RecursiveListIterator($it);
$decor = new ListDecorator($rit);
$rit->addDecorator($decor);
foreach($rit as $item)
$inset = $decor->inset(1);
printf("%s%s\n", $inset, $item->getName());
首先让我们看一下ListDecorator
,它简单地包装了<ul>
和<li>
元素并决定如何输出列表结构:
class ListDecorator
private $iterator;
public function __construct(RecursiveListIterator $iterator)
$this->iterator = $iterator;
public function inset($add = 0)
return str_repeat(' ', $this->iterator->getDepth()*2+$add);
构造函数采用它正在处理的列表迭代器。 inset
只是一个帮助函数,用于很好地缩进输出。其余的只是每个事件的输出函数:
public function beginElement()
printf("%s<li>\n", $this->inset());
public function endElement()
printf("%s</li>\n", $this->inset());
public function beginChildren()
printf("%s<ul>\n", $this->inset(-1));
public function endChildren()
printf("%s</ul>\n", $this->inset(-1));
public function beginIteration()
printf("%s<ul>\n", $this->inset());
public function endIteration()
printf("%s</ul>\n", $this->inset());
考虑到这些输出功能,这又是主要的输出总结/循环,我一步一步来:
$root = new TreeNode($tree);
创建将用于开始迭代的根TreeNode
:
$it = new TreeNodesIterator(array($root));
这个TreeNodesIterator
是一个RecursiveIterator
,它可以在单个$root
节点上进行递归迭代。它作为数组传递,因为该类需要迭代一些东西并允许与一组子元素重用,这些子元素也是TreeNode
元素的数组。
$rit = new RecursiveListIterator($it);
这个RecursiveListIterator
是一个提供上述事件的RecursiveIteratorIterator
。要使用它,只需要提供一个ListDecorator
(上面的类)并分配addDecorator
:
$decor = new ListDecorator($rit);
$rit->addDecorator($decor);
然后一切都设置为仅foreach
并输出每个节点:
foreach($rit as $item)
$inset = $decor->inset(1);
printf("%s%s\n", $inset, $item->getName());
如本例所示,整个输出逻辑被封装在ListDecorator
类和单个foreach
中。整个递归遍历已经完全封装在 SPL 递归迭代器中,它提供了一个堆栈过程,这意味着内部没有进行递归函数调用。
基于事件的ListDecorator
允许您专门修改输出并为同一数据结构提供多种类型的列表。甚至可以更改输入,因为数组数据已封装到 TreeNode
。
完整代码示例:
<?php
namespace My;
$tree = array('H' => 'G', 'F' => 'G', 'G' => 'D', 'E' => 'D', 'A' => 'E', 'B' => 'C', 'C' => 'E', 'D' => null);
// add children to parents
$flat = array(); # temporary array
foreach ($tree as $name => $parent)
$flat[$name]['name'] = $name; # self
if (NULL === $parent)
# no parent, is root element, assign it to $tree
$tree = &$flat[$name];
else
# has parent, add self as child
$flat[$parent]['children'][] = &$flat[$name];
unset($flat);
class TreeNode
protected $data;
public function __construct(array $element)
if (!isset($element['name']))
throw new InvalidArgumentException('Element has no name.');
if (isset($element['children']) && !is_array($element['children']))
throw new InvalidArgumentException('Element has invalid children.');
$this->data = $element;
public function getName()
return $this->data['name'];
public function hasChildren()
return isset($this->data['children']) && count($this->data['children']);
/**
* @return array of child TreeNode elements
*/
public function getChildren()
$children = $this->hasChildren() ? $this->data['children'] : array();
$class = get_called_class();
foreach($children as &$element)
$element = new $class($element);
unset($element);
return $children;
class TreeNodesIterator implements \RecursiveIterator
private $nodes;
public function __construct(array $nodes)
$this->nodes = new \ArrayIterator($nodes);
public function getInnerIterator()
return $this->nodes;
public function getChildren()
return new TreeNodesIterator($this->nodes->current()->getChildren());
public function hasChildren()
return $this->nodes->current()->hasChildren();
public function rewind()
$this->nodes->rewind();
public function valid()
return $this->nodes->valid();
public function current()
return $this->nodes->current();
public function key()
return $this->nodes->key();
public function next()
return $this->nodes->next();
class RecursiveListIterator extends \RecursiveIteratorIterator
private $elements;
/**
* @var ListDecorator
*/
private $decorator;
public function addDecorator(ListDecorator $decorator)
$this->decorator = $decorator;
public function __construct($iterator, $mode = \RecursiveIteratorIterator::SELF_FIRST, $flags = 0)
parent::__construct($iterator, $mode, $flags);
private function event($name)
// event debug code: printf("--- %'.-20s --- (Depth: %d, Element: %d)\n", $name, $this->getDepth(), @$this->elements[$this->getDepth()]);
$callback = array($this->decorator, $name);
is_callable($callback) && call_user_func($callback);
public function beginElement()
$this->event('beginElement');
public function beginChildren()
$this->event('beginChildren');
public function endChildren()
$this->testEndElement();
$this->event('endChildren');
private function testEndElement($depthOffset = 0)
$depth = $this->getDepth() + $depthOffset;
isset($this->elements[$depth]) || $this->elements[$depth] = 0;
$this->elements[$depth] && $this->event('endElement');
public function nextElement()
$this->testEndElement();
$this->event('nextElement');
$this->event('beginElement');
$this->elements[$this->getDepth()] = 1;
public function beginIteration()
$this->event('beginIteration');
public function endIteration()
$this->testEndElement();
$this->event('endIteration');
class ListDecorator
private $iterator;
public function __construct(RecursiveListIterator $iterator)
$this->iterator = $iterator;
public function inset($add = 0)
return str_repeat(' ', $this->iterator->getDepth()*2+$add);
public function beginElement()
printf("%s<li>\n", $this->inset(1));
public function endElement()
printf("%s</li>\n", $this->inset(1));
public function beginChildren()
printf("%s<ul>\n", $this->inset());
public function endChildren()
printf("%s</ul>\n", $this->inset());
public function beginIteration()
printf("%s<ul>\n", $this->inset());
public function endIteration()
printf("%s</ul>\n", $this->inset());
$root = new TreeNode($tree);
$it = new TreeNodesIterator(array($root));
$rit = new RecursiveListIterator($it);
$decor = new ListDecorator($rit);
$rit->addDecorator($decor);
foreach($rit as $item)
$inset = $decor->inset(2);
printf("%s%s\n", $inset, $item->getName());
输出:
<ul>
<li>
D
<ul>
<li>
G
<ul>
<li>
H
</li>
<li>
F
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
E
<ul>
</li>
<li>
A
</li>
<li>
C
<ul>
<li>
B
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
Demo (PHP 5.2 variant)
一个可能的变体是迭代任何RecursiveIterator
并提供对所有可能发生的事件的迭代的迭代器。然后 foreach 循环中的 switch / case 可以处理这些事件。
相关:
Nested List with RecursiveArrayIterator The RecursiveIteratorIterator class【讨论】:
像这个解决方案一样“精心设计”——它究竟是如何比前面的例子“更简化”的——它似乎是针对同一问题的过度设计解决方案 @Andre:按封装 IIRC 的等级。在另一个相关的答案中,我有一个完全非封装的代码片段,它要小得多,因此可能会“更简化”,具体取决于 POV。 @hakre 如何修改“ListDecorator”类以将“id”添加到从树数组中获取的 LI? @Gangesh:最容易使用节点访问者。 ^^ 开个玩笑,直接就是扩展装饰器并编辑beginElement(),得到内部迭代器(示例见inset()方法)和带有id属性的工作。 @hakre 谢谢。我会试试的。【参考方案4】:虽然Alexander-Konstantinov 的解决方案一开始可能看起来不那么容易阅读,但它既天才又在性能方面呈指数级提升,这应该被评为最佳答案。
感谢朋友,我做了一个基准来比较这篇文章中提出的两种解决方案。
我有一个 @250k 平面树,需要转换 6 个级别,我正在寻找一种更好的方法来避免递归迭代。
递归与引用:
// Generate a 6 level flat tree
$root = null;
$lvl1 = 13;
$lvl2 = 11;
$lvl3 = 7;
$lvl4 = 5;
$lvl5 = 3;
$lvl6 = 1;
$flatTree = [];
for ($i = 1; $i <= 450000; $i++)
if ($i % 3 == 0) $lvl5 = $i; $flatTree[$lvl6] = $lvl5; continue;
if ($i % 5 == 0) $lvl4 = $i; $flatTree[$lvl5] = $lvl4; continue;
if ($i % 7 == 0) $lvl3 = $i; $flatTree[$lvl3] = $lvl2; continue;
if ($i % 11 == 0) $lvl2 = $i; $flatTree[$lvl2] = $lvl1; continue;
if ($i % 13 == 0) $lvl1 = $i; $flatTree[$lvl1] = $root; continue;
$lvl6 = $i;
echo 'Array count: ', count($flatTree), PHP_EOL;
// Reference function
function treeByReference($flatTree)
$flat = [];
$tree = [];
foreach ($flatTree as $child => $parent)
if (!isset($flat[$child]))
$flat[$child] = [];
if (!empty($parent))
$flat[$parent][$child] =& $flat[$child];
else
$tree[$child] =& $flat[$child];
return $tree;
// Recursion function
function treeByRecursion($flatTree, $root = null)
$return = [];
foreach($flatTree as $child => $parent)
if ($parent == $root)
unset($flatTree[$child]);
$return[$child] = treeByRecursion($flatTree, $child);
return $return ?: [];
// Benchmark reference
$t1 = microtime(true);
$tree = treeByReference($flatTree);
echo 'Reference: ', (microtime(true) - $t1), PHP_EOL;
// Benchmark recursion
$t2 = microtime(true);
$tree = treeByRecursion($flatTree);
echo 'Recursion: ', (microtime(true) - $t2), PHP_EOL;
输出不言自明:
Array count: 255493
Reference: 0.3259289264679 (less than 0.4s)
Recursion: 6604.9865279198 (almost 2h)
【讨论】:
【参考方案5】:嗯,首先我会将键值对的直接数组转换为分层数组
function convertToHeiarchical(array $input)
$parents = array();
$root = array();
$children = array();
foreach ($input as $item)
$parents[$item['id']] = &$item;
if ($item['parent_id'])
if (!isset($children[$item['parent_id']]))
$children[$item['parent_id']] = array();
$children[$item['parent_id']][] = &$item;
else
$root = $item['id'];
foreach ($parents as $id => &$item)
if (isset($children[$id]))
$item['children'] = $children[$id];
else
$item['children'] = array();
return $parents[$root];
这可以将具有 parent_id 和 id 的平面数组转换为分层数组:
$item = array(
'id' => 'A',
'blah' => 'blah',
'children' => array(
array(
'id' => 'B',
'blah' => 'blah',
'children' => array(
array(
'id' => 'C',
'blah' => 'blah',
'children' => array(),
),
),
'id' => 'D',
'blah' => 'blah',
'children' => array(
array(
'id' => 'E',
'blah' => 'blah',
'children' => array(),
),
),
),
),
);
然后,只需创建一个渲染函数:
function renderItem($item)
$out = "Your OUtput For Each Item Here";
$out .= "<ul>";
foreach ($item['children'] as $child)
$out .= "<li>".renderItem($child)."</li>";
$out .= "</ul>";
return $out;
【讨论】:
【参考方案6】:好吧,要解析成 UL 和 LI,应该是这样的:
$array = array (
'H' => 'G'
'F' => 'G'
'G' => 'D'
'E' => 'D'
'A' => 'E'
'B' => 'C'
'C' => 'E'
'D' => 'NULL'
);
recurse_uls ($array, 'NULL');
function recurse_uls ($array, $parent)
echo '<ul>';
foreach ($array as $c => $p)
if ($p != $parent) continue;
echo '<li>'.$c.'</li>';
recurse_uls ($array, $c);
echo '</ul>';
但我很想看到一个不需要您如此频繁地遍历数组的解决方案...
【讨论】:
【参考方案7】:这是我想出的:
$arr = array(
'H' => 'G',
'F' => 'G',
'G' => 'D',
'E' => 'D',
'A' => 'E',
'B' => 'C',
'C' => 'E',
'D' => null );
$nested = parentChild($arr);
print_r($nested);
function parentChild(&$arr, $parent = false)
if( !$parent) //initial call
$rootKey = array_search( null, $arr);
return array($rootKey => parentChild($arr, $rootKey));
else // recursing through
$keys = array_keys($arr, $parent);
$piece = array();
if($keys) // found children, so handle them
if( !is_array($keys) ) // only one child
$piece = parentChild($arr, $keys);
else // multiple children
foreach( $keys as $key )
$piece[$key] = parentChild($arr, $key);
else
return $parent; //return the main tag (no kids)
return $piece; // return the array built via recursion
输出:
Array
(
[D] => Array
(
[G] => Array
(
[H] => H
[F] => F
)
[E] => Array
(
[A] => A
[C] => Array
(
[B] => B
)
)
)
)
【讨论】:
【参考方案8】:父子关系嵌套Array 从数据库中获取所有记录并创建嵌套数组。
$data = SampleTable::find()->all();
$tree = buildTree($data);
print_r($tree);
public function buildTree(array $elements, $parentId = 0)
$branch = array();
foreach ($elements as $element)
if ($element['iParentId'] == $parentId)
$children =buildTree($elements, $element['iCategoriesId']);
if ($children)
$element['children'] = $children;
$branch[] = $element;
return $branch;
以json格式打印分类和子分类数据
public static function buildTree(array $elements, $parentId = 0)
$branch = array();
foreach($elements as $element)
if($element['iParentId']==$parentId)
$children =buildTree($elements, $element['iCategoriesId']);
if ($children)
$element['children'] = $children;
$branch[] = array(
'iCategoriesId' => $element->iCategoriesId,
'iParentId'=>$element->iParentId,
'vCategoriesName'=>$element->vCategoriesName,
'children'=>$element->children,
);
return[
$branch
];
【讨论】:
【参考方案9】:$tree = array(
'H' => 'G',
'F' => 'G',
'G' => 'D',
'E' => 'D',
'A' => 'E',
'B' => 'C',
'C' => 'E',
'D' => null,
'Z' => null,
'MM' =>'Z',
'KK' =>'Z',
'MMM' =>'MM',
// 'MM'=>'DDD'
);
$aa=$this->parseTree($tree);
public function get_tress($tree,$key)
$x=array();
foreach ($tree as $keys => $value)
if($value==$key)
$x[]=($keys);
echo "<li>";
foreach ($x as $ke => $val)
echo "<ul>";
echo($val);
$this->get_tress($tree,$val);
echo "</ul>";
echo "</li>";
function parseTree($tree, $root = null)
foreach ($tree as $key => $value)
if($value==$root)
echo "<ul>";
echo($key);
$this->get_tress($tree,$key);
echo "</ul>";
【讨论】:
【参考方案10】:老问题,但我也不得不这样做,递归的例子让我头疼。在我的数据库中,我们有一个locations
表,它是一个loca_id
PK(子)和自引用loca_parent_id
(父)。
目的是在 HTML 中表示这种结构。 couyrse 的简单查询可以返回数据是一些固定的顺序,但我发现不足以以自然的方式显示这些数据。我真正想要的是使用 LEVEL
处理 Oracle 树遍历以帮助显示。
我决定使用“路径”的概念来唯一标识每个条目。例如:
按路径对数组进行排序应该更容易处理以进行有意义的显示。
我意识到使用关联数组和排序是作弊,因为它隐藏了操作的递归复杂性,但对我来说这看起来更简单:
<table>
<?php
$sql = "
SELECT l.*,
pl.loca_name parent_loca_name,
'' loca_path
FROM locations l
LEFT JOIN locations pl ON l.loca_parent_id = pl.loca_id
ORDER BY l.loca_parent_id, l.loca_id
";
function print_row ( $rowdata )
?>
<tr>
<td>
<?=$rowdata['loca_id']?>
</td>
<td>
<?=$rowdata['loca_path']?>
</td>
<td>
<?=$rowdata['loca_type']?>
</td>
<td>
<?=$rowdata['loca_status']?>
</td>
</tr>
<?php
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->get_result();
$data = $result->fetch_all(mysqlI_ASSOC);
$printed = array();
// To get tree hierarchy usually means recursion of data.
// Here we will try to use an associate array and set a
// 'path' value to represent the hierarchy tree in one
// pass. Sorting this array by the path value should give
// a nice tree order and reference.
// The array key will be the unique id (loca_id) for each row.
// The value for each key will the complete row from the database.
// The row contains a element 'loca_path' - we will write the path
// for each row here. A child's path will be parent_path/child_name.
// For any child we encounter with a parent we look up the parents path
// using the loca_parent_id as the key.
// Caveat, although tested quickly, just make sure that all parents are
// returned first by the query.
foreach ($data as $row)
if ( $row['loca_parent_id'] == '' ) // Root Parent
$row['loca_path'] = $row['loca_name'] . '/';
$printed[$row['loca_id']] = $row;
else // Child/Sub-Parent
$row['loca_path'] = $printed[$row['loca_parent_id']]['loca_path'] . $row['loca_name'] . '/';
$printed[$row['loca_id']] = $row;
// Array with paths built, now sort then print
array_multisort(array_column($printed, 'loca_path'), SORT_ASC, $printed);
foreach ( $printed as $prow )
print_row ( $prow );
?>
</table>
【讨论】:
【参考方案11】:如何创建动态树视图和菜单
步骤1:首先我们将在mysql数据库中创建treeview表。此表包含四列。id 是任务 id,name 是任务名称。
-
-- Table structure for table `treeview_items`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `treeview_items` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`title` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`parent_id` varchar(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=7 ;
--
-- Dumping data for table `treeview_items`
--
INSERT INTO `treeview_items` (`id`, `name`, `title`, `parent_id`) VALUES
(1, 'task1', 'task1title', '2'),
(2, 'task2', 'task2title', '0'),
(3, 'task3', 'task1title3', '0'),
(4, 'task4', 'task2title4', '3'),
(5, 'task4', 'task1title4', '3'),
(6, 'task5', 'task2title5', '5');
第二步:树视图递归方法 我在树下创建了 createTreeView() 方法,如果当前任务 ID 大于上一个任务 ID,则该方法调用递归。
function createTreeView($array, $currentParent, $currLevel = 0, $prevLevel = -1)
foreach ($array as $categoryId => $category)
if ($currentParent == $category['parent_id'])
if ($currLevel > $prevLevel) echo " <ol class='tree'> ";
if ($currLevel == $prevLevel) echo " </li> ";
echo '<li> <label for="subfolder2">'.$category['name'].'</label> <input type="checkbox" name="subfolder2"/>';
if ($currLevel > $prevLevel) $prevLevel = $currLevel;
$currLevel++;
createTreeView ($array, $categoryId, $currLevel, $prevLevel);
$currLevel--;
if ($currLevel == $prevLevel) echo " </li> </ol> ";
步骤 3:创建索引文件以显示树视图。 这是树视图示例的主文件,这里我们将调用带有所需参数的 createTreeView() 方法。
<body>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_styles.css" media="screen">
<?php
mysql_connect('localhost', 'root');
mysql_select_db('test');
$qry="SELECT * FROM treeview_items";
$result=mysql_query($qry);
$arrayCategories = array();
while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result))
$arrayCategories[$row['id']] = array("parent_id" => $row['parent_id'], "name" =>
$row['name']);
?>
<div id="content" class="general-style1">
<?php
if(mysql_num_rows($result)!=0)
?>
<?php
createTreeView($arrayCategories, 0); ?>
<?php
?>
</div>
</body>
第 4 步:创建 CSS 文件 style.css 在这里,我们将编写所有与 css 相关的类,目前我正在使用订单列表创建树视图。您也可以在此处更改图像路径。
img border: none;
input, select, textarea, th, td font-size: 1em;
/* CSS Tree menu styles */
ol.tree
padding: 0 0 0 30px;
width: 300px;
li
position: relative;
margin-left: -15px;
list-style: none;
li.file
margin-left: -1px !important;
li.file a
background: url(document.png) 0 0 no-repeat;
color: #fff;
padding-left: 21px;
text-decoration: none;
display: block;
li.file a[href *= '.pdf'] background: url(document.png) 0 0 no-repeat;
li.file a[href *= '.html'] background: url(document.png) 0 0 no-repeat;
li.file a[href $= '.css'] background: url(document.png) 0 0 no-repeat;
li.file a[href $= '.js'] background: url(document.png) 0 0 no-repeat;
li input
position: absolute;
left: 0;
margin-left: 0;
opacity: 0;
z-index: 2;
cursor: pointer;
height: 1em;
width: 1em;
top: 0;
li input + ol
background: url(toggle-small-expand.png) 40px 0 no-repeat;
margin: -0.938em 0 0 -44px; /* 15px */
height: 1em;
li input + ol > li display: none; margin-left: -14px !important; padding-left: 1px;
li label
background: url(folder-horizontal.png) 15px 1px no-repeat;
cursor: pointer;
display: block;
padding-left: 37px;
li input:checked + ol
background: url(toggle-small.png) 40px 5px no-repeat;
margin: -1.25em 0 0 -44px; /* 20px */
padding: 1.563em 0 0 80px;
height: auto;
li input:checked + ol > li display: block; margin: 0 0 0.125em; /* 2px */
li input:checked + ol > li:last-child margin: 0 0 0.063em; /* 1px */
More Details
【讨论】:
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