windows python虚拟环境创建Django项目

Posted 2022-12-01

为虚拟环境新建一个目录。

创建一个目录将其命名为 virtualenv，再在终端中切换到这个目录，

先安装virtualenv

如有则跳过​

​​pip install --user virtualenv​​

可以使用如下指定源：​​pip install virtualenv -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple​​

在终端中切换到目录

切换到目录virtualenv；​

C:\\Users\\Xiao>​​D:​​

D:\\>​​CD D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv​​

D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​

创建Django虚拟环境

并像下面这样创建一个虚拟环境：​

D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​​virtualenv django2.2.12_learn​​

created virtual environment CPython3.7.0.final.0-64 in 1015ms​

creator CPython3Windows(dest=D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv\\django2.2.12_learn, clear=False, no_vcs_ignore=False, global=False)​

seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=C:\\Users\\Xiao\\AppData\\Local\\pypa\\virtualenv)​

added seed packages: pip==22.2.2, setuptools==65.3.0, wheel==0.37.1​

activators BashActivator,BatchActivator,FishActivator,NushellActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator​

D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​

生成目录如下：​

激活虚拟环境

建立虚拟环境后，需要使用下面的命令激活它：​

D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​​django2.2.12_learn\\Scripts\\activate​​

(django2.2.12_learn) D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​

虚拟环境中安装Django

==指定版本，-i指定源

(django2.2.12_learn) D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​​pip install Django==2.2.12 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple​​

Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple​

Collecting Django==2.2.12​

Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/af/d1/903cdbda68cd6ee74bf8ac7c86ffa04b2baf0254dfd6edeeafe4426c9c8b/Django-2.2.12-py3-none-any.whl (7.5 MB)​

Collecting pytz​

Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/85/ac/92f998fc52a70afd7f6b788142632afb27cd60c8c782d1452b7466603332/pytz-2022.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (498 kB)​

Collecting sqlparse​

Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/97/d3/31dd2c3e48fc2060819f4acb0686248250a0f2326356306b38a42e059144/sqlparse-0.4.3-py3-none-any.whl (42 kB)​

Installing collected packages: pytz, sqlparse, Django​

Successfully installed Django-2.2.12 pytz-2022.6 sqlparse-0.4.3​

[notice] A new release of pip available: 22.2.2 -> 22.3.1​

[notice] To update, run: python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip​

(django2.2.12_learn) D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​

这时在D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv\\django2.2.12_learn\\Lib\\site-packages可以看到Django包

Django中创建项目

在依然处于活动的虚拟环境的情况下（django2.2.12_learn包含在括号内） ， 执行如下命令来新建一个项目（最后有个空格和.）,可以自行测试带.和不带.的区别：​

(django2.2.12_learn) D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​​django-admin startproject siteA .​​

(django2.2.12_learn) D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​​dir​​

2022/11/30 16:29 <DIR> django2.2.12_learn

2022/11/30 16:38 646 manage.py

2022/11/30 16:38 <DIR> siteA​

(django2.2.12_learn) D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​

(django2.2.12_learn) D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​​dir siteA​​

2022/11/30 16:38 3,206 settings.py​

2022/11/30 16:38 768 urls.py​

2022/11/30 16:38 403 wsgi.py​

2022/11/30 16:38 0 __init__.py​

(django2.2.12_learn) D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​

创建数据库

(django2.2.12_learn) D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​​python manage.py migrate​​

Operations to perform:​

Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions​

Running migrations:​

Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK​

Applying auth.0001_initial... OK​

Applying admin.0001_initial... OK​

Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK​

Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK​

Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK​

Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK​

Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK​

Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK​

Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK​

Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK​

Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK​

Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK​

Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK​

Applying auth.0010_alter_group_name_max_length... OK​

Applying auth.0011_update_proxy_permissions... OK​

Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK​

(django2.2.12_learn) D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​​dir​​

2022/11/30 16:44 131,072 db.sqlite3​

2022/11/30 16:29 <DIR> django2.2.12_learn​

2022/11/30 16:38 646 manage.py​

2022/11/30 16:44 <DIR> siteA

(django2.2.12_learn) D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​

查看运行项目

python manage.py runserver + 端口运行，默认8000

(django2.2.12_learn) D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​​python manage.py runserver​​

Watching for file changes with StatReloader​

Performing system checks...​

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).​

November 30, 2022 - 16:45:39​

Django version 2.2.12, using settings siteA.settings​

Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/​

Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.​

打开浏览器：http://127.0.0.1:8000/

如果出现错误消息“That port is already in use”（指定端口已被占用） ， 请执行命令python manage.py runserver 8001 ， 让Diango使用另一个端口​

创建程序

当前，在前面打开的终端窗口中应该还运行着runserver 。 请再打开一个终端窗口（或标签页） ， 并切换到manage.py所在的目录。 激活该虚拟环境， 再执行命令startapp ：

C:\\Users\\Xiao>​​D:​​

D:\\>cd D:\\Pythonwork\\​​virtualenv​​

D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​​django2.2.12_learn\\Scripts\\activate​​

(django2.2.12_learn) D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​​python manage.py startapp siteAPP​​

(django2.2.12_learn) D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​​DIR​​

2022/11/30 16:44 131,072 db.sqlite3​

2022/11/30 16:29 <DIR> django2.2.12_learn​

2022/11/30 16:38 646 manage.py​

2022/11/30 16:44 <DIR> siteA​

2022/11/30 16:56 <DIR> siteAPP​

(django2.2.12_learn) D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​​dir siteAPP​​​

2022/11/30 16:56 66 admin.py​

2022/11/30 16:56 94 apps.py​

2022/11/30 16:56 <DIR> migrations​

2022/11/30 16:56 60 models.py​

2022/11/30 16:56 63 tests.py​

2022/11/30 16:56 66 views.py​

2022/11/30 16:56 0 __init__.py

(django2.2.12_learn) D:\\Pythonwork\\virtualenv>​