Netty——网络编程(阻塞理解及代码示例)

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目录

一、阻塞概述

  • 阻塞模式下,相关方法都会导致线程暂停。
    (1)、ServerSocketChannel.accept 会在没有连接建立时让线程暂停;
    (2)、SocketChannel.read 会在没有数据可读时让线程暂停;
    (3)、阻塞的表现其实就是线程暂停了,暂停期间不会占用 cpu,但线程相当于闲置;
  • 单线程下,阻塞方法之间相互影响,几乎不能正常工作,需要多线程支持。
  • 但多线程下,有新的问题,体现在以下方面
    (1)、32 位 jvm 一个线程 320k,64 位 jvm 一个线程 1024k,如果连接数过多,必然导致 OOM,并且线程太多,反而会因为频繁上下文切换导致性能降低;
    (2)、可以采用线程池技术来减少线程数和线程上下文切换,但治标不治本,如果有很多连接建立,但长时间 inactive,会阻塞线程池中所有线程,因此不适合长连接,只适合短连接;

二、阻塞模式服务端代码示例(使用nio实现)

  • 服务端代码

    package com.example.nettytest.nio.day3;
    
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
    import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
    import java.nio.channels.*;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    
    import static com.example.nettytest.nio.day1.ByteBufferUtil.debugRead;
    /**
     * @description: 阻塞模式服务端代码示例(使用nio实现)
     * @author: xz
     * @create: 2022-08-15 21:21
     */
    @Slf4j
    public class TestServer 
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException 
            nioBlockServer();
        
    
        /**
         * 使用nio来理解阻塞模式(单线程服务端)
         * */
        private static void nioBlockServer() throws IOException 
            //1、创建ByteBuffer,容量16
            ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(16);
            //2、创建服务器
            ServerSocketChannel ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open();
            //3、绑定监听端口
            ssc.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));
            //4、连接集合
            ArrayList<SocketChannel> channels = new ArrayList<>();
            while(true)
                log.info("connecting...");
                //5、accept() 建立与客户端连接, SocketChannel 用来与客户端之间通信
                SocketChannel sc = ssc.accept();//启动服务端,阻塞方法,线程停止运行
                log.info("create connected SocketChannel... ", sc);
                //6、建立的客户端连接sc 添加到 连接集合channels中
                channels.add(sc);
                //7、遍历连接集合
                for(SocketChannel channel : channels)
                    log.info("before read channel ... ", channel);
                    // 8、 接收客户端发送的数据,从channel中读取数据写入到byteBuffer中
                    channel.read(byteBuffer);// 启动客户端,阻塞方法,线程停止运行
                    //切换读模式
                    byteBuffer.flip();
                    //打印可读取内容(从byteBuffer中读取数据内容)
                    debugRead(byteBuffer);
                    //切换回写模式
                    byteBuffer.clear();
                    log.info("after read channel ... ", channel);
                
            
        
        
    
    

三、阻塞模式客户端代码示例(使用nio实现)

  • 客户端代码

    package com.example.nettytest.nio.day3;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
    import java.net.SocketAddress;
    import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
    /**
     * @description:
     * @author: xz
     * @create: 2022-08-15 21:45
     */
    public class TestClient 
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException 
            SocketChannel sc = SocketChannel.open();
            sc.connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080));
            SocketAddress address = sc.getLocalAddress();
            //debug模式后,点击src参数,右键选择 输入表达式sc.write(Charset.defaultCharset().encode("hello"));然后执行
            System.out.println("waiting...");
    
        
    
    

四、工具类代码示例

  • 工具类,打印输入、输出数据使用
       package com.example.nettytest.nio.day1;
       
       import io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil;
       
       import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
       
       import static io.netty.util.internal.MathUtil.isOutOfBounds;
       import static io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil.NEWLINE;
       
       public class ByteBufferUtil 
           private static final char[] BYTE2CHAR = new char[256];
           private static final char[] HEXDUMP_TABLE = new char[256 * 4];
           private static final String[] HEXPADDING = new String[16];
           private static final String[] HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES = new String[65536 >>> 4];
           private static final String[] BYTE2HEX = new String[256];
           private static final String[] BYTEPADDING = new String[16];
       
           static 
               final char[] DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();
               for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) 
                   HEXDUMP_TABLE[i << 1] = DIGITS[i >>> 4 & 0x0F];
                   HEXDUMP_TABLE[(i << 1) + 1] = DIGITS[i & 0x0F];
               
       
               int i;
       
               // Generate the lookup table for hex dump paddings
               for (i = 0; i < HEXPADDING.length; i++) 
                   int padding = HEXPADDING.length - i;
                   StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(padding * 3);
                   for (int j = 0; j < padding; j++) 
                       buf.append("   ");
                   
                   HEXPADDING[i] = buf.toString();
               
       
               // Generate the lookup table for the start-offset header in each row (up to 64KiB).
               for (i = 0; i < HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES.length; i++) 
                   StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(12);
                   buf.append(NEWLINE);
                   buf.append(Long.toHexString(i << 4 & 0xFFFFFFFFL | 0x100000000L));
                   buf.setCharAt(buf.length() - 9, '|');
                   buf.append('|');
                   HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES[i] = buf.toString();
               
       
               // Generate the lookup table for byte-to-hex-dump conversion
               for (i = 0; i < BYTE2HEX.length; i++) 
                   BYTE2HEX[i] = ' ' + StringUtil.byteToHexStringPadded(i);
               
       
               // Generate the lookup table for byte dump paddings
               for (i = 0; i < BYTEPADDING.length; i++) 
                   int padding = BYTEPADDING.length - i;
                   StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(padding);
                   for (int j = 0; j < padding; j++) 
                       buf.append(' ');
                   
                   BYTEPADDING[i] = buf.toString();
               
       
               // Generate the lookup table for byte-to-char conversion
               for (i = 0; i < BYTE2CHAR.length; i++) 
                   if (i <= 0x1f || i >= 0x7f) 
                       BYTE2CHAR[i] = '.';
                    else 
                       BYTE2CHAR[i] = (char) i;
                   
               
           
       
           /**
            * 打印所有内容
            * @param buffer
            */
           public static void debugAll(ByteBuffer buffer) 
               int oldlimit = buffer.limit();
               buffer.limit(buffer.capacity());
               StringBuilder origin = new StringBuilder(256);
               appendPrettyHexDump(origin, buffer, 0, buffer.capacity());
               System.out.println("+--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+");
               System.out.printf("position: [%d], limit: [%d]\\n", buffer.position(), oldlimit);
               System.out.println(origin);
               buffer.limit(oldlimit);
           
       
           /**
            * 打印可读取内容
            * @param buffer
            */
           public static void debugRead(ByteBuffer buffer) 
               StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(256);
               appendPrettyHexDump(builder, buffer, buffer.position(), buffer.limit() - buffer.position());
               System.out.println("+--------+-------------------- read -----------------------+----------------+");
               System.out.printf("position: [%d], limit: [%d]\\n", buffer.position(), buffer.limit());
               System.out.println(builder);
           
       
           public static void main(String[] args) 
               ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(10);
               buffer.put(new byte[]97, 98, 99, 100);
               debugAll(buffer);
           
       
           private static void appendPrettyHexDump(StringBuilder dump, ByteBuffer buf, int offset, int length) 
               if (isOutOfBounds(offset, length, buf.capacity())) 
                   throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
                           "expected: " + "0 <= offset(" + offset + ") <= offset + length(" + length
                                   + ") <= " + "buf.capacity(" + buf.capacity() + ')');
               
               if (length == 0) 
                   return;
               
               dump.append(
                       "         +-------------------------------------------------+" +
                               NEWLINE + "         |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |" +
                               NEWLINE + "+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+");
       
               final int startIndex = offset;
               final int fullRows = length >>> 4;
               final int remainder = length & 0xF;
       
               // Dump the rows which have 16 bytes.
               for (int row = 0; row < fullRows; row++) 
                   int rowStartIndex = (row << 4) + startIndex;
       
                   // Per-row prefix.
                   appendHexDumpRowPrefix(dump, row, rowStartIndex);
       
                   // Hex dump
                   int rowEndIndex = rowStartIndex + 16;
                   for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) 
                       dump.append(BYTE2HEX[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
                   
                   dump.append(" |");
       
                   // ASCII dump
                   for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) 
                       dump.append(BYTE2CHAR[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
                   
                   dump.append('|');
               
       
               // Dump the last row which has less than 16 bytes.
               if (remainder != 0) 
                   int rowStartIndex = (fullRows << 4) + startIndex;
                   appendHexDumpRowPrefix(dump, fullRows, rowStartIndex);
       
                   // Hex dump
                   int rowEndIndex = rowStartIndex + remainder;
                   for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) 
                       dump.append(BYTE2HEX[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
                   
                   dump.append(HEXPADDING[remainder]);
                   dump.append(" |");
       
                   // Ascii dump
                   for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) 
                       dump.append(BYTE2CHAR[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
                   
                   dump.append(BYTEPADDING[remainder]);
                   dump.append('|');
               
       
               dump.append(NEWLINE +
                       "+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+");
           
       
           private static void appendHexDumpRowPrefix(StringBuilder dump, int row, int rowStartIndex) 
               if (row < HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES.length) 
                   dump.append(HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES[row]);
                else 
                   dump.append(NEWLINE);
                   dump.append(Long.toHexString(rowStartIndex & 0xFFFFFFFFL | 0x100000000L));
                   dump.setCharAt(dump.length() - 9, '|');
                   dump.append('|');
               
           
       
           public static short getUnsignedByte(ByteBuffer buffer, int index) 
               return (short) (buffer.get(index) & 0xFF);
           
       
       ```
    

五、阻塞模式代码示例本地调试

  • 启动服务端,服务端accept方法为阻塞方法,线程停止运行。如下图所示:

  • debug模式启动客户端,服务端read方法为,阻塞方法,线程停止运行。如下图所示:

  • 客户端选择sc参数右键,点击【Evaluate Expression…】,弹出的窗口输入sc.write(Charset.defaultCharset().encode(“hello”)); 表示客户端发送数据。如下图所示:

  • 此时,再看服务端,已经接收到了客户端发送的hello数据,服务端并重新进入到了accept方法,阻塞方法,线程停止运行。如下图所示:

  • 最后放过客户端debug断点,输出如下图所示:

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