Netty——网络编程(非阻塞理解及代码示例)

Posted 小志的博客

tags:

篇首语:本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理,主要介绍了Netty——网络编程(非阻塞理解及代码示例)相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。

目录

一、非阻塞概述

  • 非阻塞模式下,相关方法都会不会让线程暂停。
    (1)、在 ServerSocketChannel.accept 在没有连接建立时,会返回 null,继续运行;
    (2)、SocketChannel.read 在没有数据可读时,会返回 0,但线程不必阻塞,可以去执行其它 SocketChannel 的 read 或是去执行 ServerSocketChannel.accept;
    (3)、写数据时,线程只是等待数据写入 Channel 即可,无需等 Channel 通过网络把数据发送出去;
  • 非阻塞模式下,即使没有连接建立和可读数据,线程仍然在不断运行,白白浪费了 cpu。
  • 数据复制过程中,线程实际还是阻塞的(AIO 改进的地方)。

二、非阻塞模式服务端代码示例(使用nio实现)

  • 服务端代码

    package com.example.nettytest.nio.day3;
    
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
    import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
    import java.nio.channels.*;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    
    import static com.example.nettytest.nio.day1.ByteBufferUtil.debugRead;
    /**
     * @description: 非阻塞模式服务端代码示例(使用nio实现)
     * @author: xz
     * @create: 2022-08-16 21:21
     */
    @Slf4j
    public class TestServer 
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException 
            nioNoBlockServer();
        
        
        /**
         * 使用nio来理解非阻塞模式(单线程服务端)
         * */
        private static void nioNoBlockServer() throws IOException 
            //1、创建ByteBuffer,容量16
            ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(16);
            //2、创建服务器
            ServerSocketChannel ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open();
            ssc.configureBlocking(false);//ssc设置为非阻塞模式
            //3、绑定监听端口
            ssc.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));
            //4、连接集合
            ArrayList<SocketChannel> channels = new ArrayList<>();
            while(true)
                //5、accept() 建立与客户端连接, SocketChannel 用来与客户端之间通信
                SocketChannel sc = ssc.accept();//启动服务端,非阻塞方法,线程会继续运行。如果没有建立连接 sc=null
                if(sc !=null)
                    log.info("create connected SocketChannel... ", sc);
                    sc.configureBlocking(false);//sc设置为非阻塞模式
                    //6、建立的客户端连接sc 添加到 连接集合channels中
                    channels.add(sc);
                
                //7、遍历连接集合
                for(SocketChannel channel : channels)
                    // 8、 接收客户端发送的数据,从channel中读取数据写入到byteBuffer中
                    int read = channel.read(byteBuffer);// 启动客户端,非阻塞方法,线程会继续运行,read 返回 0
                    if(read>0)
                        //切换读模式
                        byteBuffer.flip();
                        //打印可读取内容(从byteBuffer中读取数据内容)
                        debugRead(byteBuffer);
                        //切换回写模式
                        byteBuffer.clear();
                        log.info("after read channel ... ", channel);
                    
                
            
        
    
    

三、非阻塞模式客户端代码示例(使用nio实现)

  • 客户端代码

    package com.example.nettytest.nio.day3;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
    import java.net.SocketAddress;
    import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
    /**
     * @description:
     * @author: xz
     * @create: 2022-08-16 21:45
     */
    public class TestClient 
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException 
            SocketChannel sc = SocketChannel.open();
            sc.connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080));
            SocketAddress address = sc.getLocalAddress();
            //debug模式后,点击src参数,右键选择 输入表达式sc.write(Charset.defaultCharset().encode("hello"));然后执行
            System.out.println("waiting...");
        
    
    

四、工具类代码示例

  • 工具类,打印输入、输出数据使用

    package com.example.nettytest.nio.day1;
    
    import io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil;
    
    import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
    
    import static io.netty.util.internal.MathUtil.isOutOfBounds;
    import static io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil.NEWLINE;
    
    public class ByteBufferUtil 
        private static final char[] BYTE2CHAR = new char[256];
        private static final char[] HEXDUMP_TABLE = new char[256 * 4];
        private static final String[] HEXPADDING = new String[16];
        private static final String[] HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES = new String[65536 >>> 4];
        private static final String[] BYTE2HEX = new String[256];
        private static final String[] BYTEPADDING = new String[16];
    
        static 
            final char[] DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();
            for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) 
                HEXDUMP_TABLE[i << 1] = DIGITS[i >>> 4 & 0x0F];
                HEXDUMP_TABLE[(i << 1) + 1] = DIGITS[i & 0x0F];
            
    
            int i;
    
            // Generate the lookup table for hex dump paddings
            for (i = 0; i < HEXPADDING.length; i++) 
                int padding = HEXPADDING.length - i;
                StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(padding * 3);
                for (int j = 0; j < padding; j++) 
                    buf.append("   ");
                
                HEXPADDING[i] = buf.toString();
            
    
            // Generate the lookup table for the start-offset header in each row (up to 64KiB).
            for (i = 0; i < HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES.length; i++) 
                StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(12);
                buf.append(NEWLINE);
                buf.append(Long.toHexString(i << 4 & 0xFFFFFFFFL | 0x100000000L));
                buf.setCharAt(buf.length() - 9, '|');
                buf.append('|');
                HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES[i] = buf.toString();
            
    
            // Generate the lookup table for byte-to-hex-dump conversion
            for (i = 0; i < BYTE2HEX.length; i++) 
                BYTE2HEX[i] = ' ' + StringUtil.byteToHexStringPadded(i);
            
    
            // Generate the lookup table for byte dump paddings
            for (i = 0; i < BYTEPADDING.length; i++) 
                int padding = BYTEPADDING.length - i;
                StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(padding);
                for (int j = 0; j < padding; j++) 
                    buf.append(' ');
                
                BYTEPADDING[i] = buf.toString();
            
    
            // Generate the lookup table for byte-to-char conversion
            for (i = 0; i < BYTE2CHAR.length; i++) 
                if (i <= 0x1f || i >= 0x7f) 
                    BYTE2CHAR[i] = '.';
                 else 
                    BYTE2CHAR[i] = (char) i;
                
            
        
    
        /**
         * 打印所有内容
         * @param buffer
         */
        public static void debugAll(ByteBuffer buffer) 
            int oldlimit = buffer.limit();
            buffer.limit(buffer.capacity());
            StringBuilder origin = new StringBuilder(256);
            appendPrettyHexDump(origin, buffer, 0, buffer.capacity());
            System.out.println("+--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+");
            System.out.printf("position: [%d], limit: [%d]\\n", buffer.position(), oldlimit);
            System.out.println(origin);
            buffer.limit(oldlimit);
        
    
        /**
         * 打印可读取内容
         * @param buffer
         */
        public static void debugRead(ByteBuffer buffer) 
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(256);
            appendPrettyHexDump(builder, buffer, buffer.position(), buffer.limit() - buffer.position());
            System.out.println("+--------+-------------------- read -----------------------+----------------+");
            System.out.printf("position: [%d], limit: [%d]\\n", buffer.position(), buffer.limit());
            System.out.println(builder);
        
    
        public static void main(String[] args) 
            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(10);
            buffer.put(new byte[]97, 98, 99, 100);
            debugAll(buffer);
        
    
        private static void appendPrettyHexDump(StringBuilder dump, ByteBuffer buf, int offset, int length) 
            if (isOutOfBounds(offset, length, buf.capacity())) 
                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
                        "expected: " + "0 <= offset(" + offset + ") <= offset + length(" + length
                                + ") <= " + "buf.capacity(" + buf.capacity() + ')');
            
            if (length == 0) 
                return;
            
            dump.append(
                    "         +-------------------------------------------------+" +
                            NEWLINE + "         |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |" +
                            NEWLINE + "+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+");
    
            final int startIndex = offset;
            final int fullRows = length >>> 4;
            final int remainder = length & 0xF;
    
            // Dump the rows which have 16 bytes.
            for (int row = 0; row < fullRows; row++) 
                int rowStartIndex = (row << 4) + startIndex;
    
                // Per-row prefix.
                appendHexDumpRowPrefix(dump, row, rowStartIndex);
    
                // Hex dump
                int rowEndIndex = rowStartIndex + 16;
                for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) 
                    dump.append(BYTE2HEX[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
                
                dump.append(" |");
    
                // ASCII dump
                for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) 
                    dump.append(BYTE2CHAR[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
                
                dump.append('|');
            
    
            // Dump the last row which has less than 16 bytes.
            if (remainder != 0) 
                int rowStartIndex = (fullRows << 4) + startIndex;
                appendHexDumpRowPrefix(dump, fullRows, rowStartIndex);
    
                // Hex dump
                int rowEndIndex = rowStartIndex + remainder;
                for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) 
                    dump.append(BYTE2HEX[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
                
                dump.append(HEXPADDING[remainder]);
                dump.append(" |");
    
                // Ascii dump
                for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) 
                    dump.append(BYTE2CHAR[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
                
                dump.append(BYTEPADDING[remainder]);
                dump.append('|');
            
    
            dump.append(NEWLINE +
                    "+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+");
        
    
        private static void appendHexDumpRowPrefix(StringBuilder dump, int row, int rowStartIndex) 
            if (row < HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES.length) 
                dump.append(HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES[row]);
             else 
                dump.append(NEWLINE);
                dump.append(Long.toHexString(rowStartIndex & 0xFFFFFFFFL | 0x100000000L));
                dump.setCharAt(dump.length() - 9, '|');
                dump.append('|');
            
        
    
        public static short getUnsignedByte(ByteBuffer buffer, int index) 
            return (short) (buffer.get(index) & 0xFF);
        
    
    

五、非阻塞模式代码示例本地调试

  • 先启动服务端,然后在启动2个客户端,在服务端控制台可以看到服务端接收到了2个客户端的连接,accept方法为非阻塞方法,线程会继续运行。如下图所示:

  • 客户端1选择sc参数右键,点击【Evaluate Expression…】,弹出的窗口输入sc.write(Charset.defaultCharset().encode(“111111”));表示客户端1发送数据。如下图所示:


  • 查看服务端,已经接收到了客户端1发送的111111数据,服务端程序已执行到完成,但是线程仍会继续运行,等待客户端发送数据。如下图所示:

  • 客户端2选择sc参数右键,点击【Evaluate Expression…】,弹出的窗口输入sc.write(Charset.defaultCharset().encode(“222222”));表示客户端2发送数据。如下图所示:

  • 此时,再次查看服务端,已经接收到了客户端2发送的222222数据,服务端程序已执行到完成,但是线程仍会继续运行,等待客户端发送数据。如下图所示:

以上是关于Netty——网络编程(非阻塞理解及代码示例)的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章

Netty——网络编程(阻塞理解及代码示例)

Netty——网络编程(阻塞理解及代码示例)

Netty之非阻塞处理

netty学习01-IO模型

对于Netty的十一个疑问

Netty——网络编程 NIO(Selector处理write事件 写入内容过多问题)代码示例