防火墙直路部署，上下行连接交换机（双机热备）

Posted 2022-05-12 wx6278ab4f0b28e

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如图1所示，企业的两台FW的业务接口都工作在三层，上下行分别连接二层交换机。上行交换机连接运营商的接入点，运营商为企业分配的IP地址为1.1.1.1。现在希望两台FW以主备备份方式工作。正常情况下，流量通过FW_A转发。当FW_A出现故障时，流量通过FW_B转发，保证业务不中断。

图1 业务接口工作在三层，上下行连接交换机的主备备份组网

FW_A

FW_B

# 配置FW各接口的IP地址。

<FW_A> system-view
[FW_A] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 10.2.0.1 24
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit 
[FW_A] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/3
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] ip address 10.3.0.1 24
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit 
[FW_A] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/7
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/7] ip address 10.10.0.1 24
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/7] quit

FW_A

FW_B

# 配置FW各接口的IP地址。

<FW_A> system-view
[FW_A] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 10.2.0.1 24
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit 
[FW_A] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/3
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] ip address 10.3.0.1 24
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit 
[FW_A] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/7
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/7] ip address 10.10.0.1 24
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/7] quit

操作步骤

完成网络基本配置。

FW_A	FW_B
# 配置FW各接口的IP地址。
<FW_A> system-view [FW_A] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 [FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 10.2.0.1 24 [FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit [FW_A] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 [FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] ip address 10.3.0.1 24 [FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit [FW_A] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/7 [FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/7] ip address 10.10.0.1 24 [FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/7] quit	<FW_B> system-view [FW_B] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 [FW_B-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 10.2.0.2 24 [FW_B-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit [FW_B] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 [FW_B-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] ip address 10.3.0.2 24 [FW_B-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit [FW_B] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/7 [FW_B-GigabitEthernet1/0/7] ip address 10.10.0.2 24 [FW_B-GigabitEthernet1/0/7] quit
# 将FW各接口加入相应的安全区域。
[FW_A] firewall zone trust [FW_A-zone-trust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 [FW_A-zone-trust] quit [FW_A] firewall zone dmz [FW_A-zone-dmz] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/7 [FW_A-zone-dmz] quit [FW_A] firewall zone untrust [FW_A-zone-untrust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 [FW_A-zone-untrust] quit	[FW_B] firewall zone trust [FW_B-zone-trust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 [FW_B-zone-trust] quit [FW_B] firewall zone dmz [FW_B-zone-dmz] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/7 [FW_B-zone-dmz] quit [FW_B] firewall zone untrust [FW_B-zone-untrust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 [FW_B-zone-untrust] quit
# 在FW上配置缺省路由，下一跳为1.1.1.10，使内网用户的流量可以正常转发至Router。
[FW_A] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.1.10	[FW_B] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.1.10

配置VRRP备份组。

FW_A	FW_B
# 在FW_A上行业务接口GE1/0/1上配置VRRP备份组1，并设置其状态为Active。在FW_B上行业务接口GE1/0/1上配置VRRP备份组1，并设置其状态为Standby。需要注意的是如果接口的IP地址与VRRP备份组地址不在同一网段，则配置VRRP备份组地址时需要指定掩码。
[FW_A] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 [FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 1.1.1.1 24 active [FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit	[FW_B] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 [FW_B-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 1.1.1.1 24 standby [FW_B-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit
# 在FW_A下行业务接口GE1/0/3上配置VRRP备份组2，并设置其状态为Active。在FW_B下行业务接口GE1/0/3上配置VRRP备份组2，并设置其状态为Standby。
[FW_A] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 [FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 10.3.0.3 active [FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit	[FW_B] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 [FW_B-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 10.3.0.3 standby [FW_B-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit

指定心跳口并启用双机热备功能。

FW_A	FW_B
[FW_A] hrp interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/7 remote 10.10.0.2 [FW_A] hrp enable	[FW_B] hrp interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/7 remote 10.10.0.1 [FW_B] hrp enable

在FW_A上配置安全策略。双机热备状态成功建立后，FW_A的安全策略配置会自动备份到FW_B上。
# 配置安全策略，允许内网用户访问Internet。

HRP_M[FW_A] security-policy
HRP_M[FW_A-policy-security] rule name trust_to_untrust  
HRP_M[FW_A-policy-security-rule-trust_to_untrust] source-zone trust
HRP_M[FW_A-policy-security-rule-trust_to_untrust] destination-zone untrust
HRP_M[FW_A-policy-security-rule-trust_to_untrust] source-address 10.3.0.0 24
HRP_M[FW_A-policy-security-rule-trust_to_untrust] action permit
HRP_M[FW_A-policy-security-rule-trust_to_untrust] quit
HRP_M[FW_A-policy-security] quit

在FW_A上配置NAT策略。双机热备状态成功建立后，FW_A的NAT策略配置会自动备份到FW_B上。
# 配置NAT策略，当内网用户访问Internet时，将源地址由10.3.0.0/16网段转换为地址池中的地址（1.1.1.2-1.1.1.5）。

HRP_M[FW_A] nat address-group group1
HRP_M[FW_A-address-group-group1] section 0 1.1.1.2 1.1.1.5
HRP_M[FW_A-address-group-group1] quit
HRP_M[FW_A] nat-policy
HRP_M[FW_A-policy-nat] rule name policy_nat1  
HRP_M[FW_A-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] source-zone trust
HRP_M[FW_A-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] destination-zone untrust
HRP_M[FW_A-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] source-address 10.3.0.0 16 
HRP_M[FW_A-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] action source-nat address-group group1

配置Switch和内网PC。

分别将两台Switch的三个接口加入同一个VLAN，具体配置命令请参考交换机的相关文档。
将内网PC的默认网关设置为VRRP备份组2的虚拟IP地址，具体步骤略。

配置Router。在Router上配置到FW的等价路由，路由下一跳指向VRRP备份组1的虚拟IP地址。

结果验证

在FW_A和FW_B上执行display vrrp命令，检查VRRP组内接口的状态信息，显示以下信息表示VRRP组建立成功。

FW_A

FW_B

HRP_M<FW_A> display vrrp
 GigabitEthernet1/0/1 | Virtual Router 1
    State : Master                  
    Virtual IP : 1.1.1.1            
    Master IP : 10.2.0.1             
    PriorityRun : 120               
    PriorityConfig : 100            
    MasterPriority : 120            
    Preempt : YES   Delay Time : 0 s
    TimerRun : 60 s                 
    TimerConfig : 60 s              
    Auth type : NONE                
    Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0101    
    Check TTL : YES                 
    Config type : vgmp-vrrp         
    Backup-forward : disabled       
    Create time : 2018-03-17 17:35:54 UTC+08:00 
    Last change time : 2018-03-22 16:01:56 UTC+08:00 

 GigabitEthernet1/0/3 | Virtual Router 2 
    State : Master                  
    Virtual IP : 10.3.0.3            
    Master IP : 10.3.0.1             
    PriorityRun : 120               
    PriorityConfig : 100            
    MasterPriority : 120            
    Preempt : YES   Delay Time : 0 s
    TimerRun : 60 s                 
    TimerConfig : 60 s              
    Auth type : NONE                
    Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0102    
    Check TTL : YES                 
    Config type : vgmp-vrrp         
    Backup-forward : disabled       
    Create time : 2018-03-17 17:35:54 UTC+08:01 
    Last change time : 2018-03-22 16:01:56 UTC+08:01

HRP_S<FW_B> display vrrp
 GigabitEthernet1/0/1 | Virtual Router 1
    State : Backup                  
    Virtual IP : 1.1.1.1            
    Master IP : 10.2.0.1             
    PriorityRun : 120               
    PriorityConfig : 100            
    MasterPriority : 120            
    Preempt : YES   Delay Time : 0 s
    TimerRun : 60 s                 
    TimerConfig : 60 s              
    Auth type : NONE                
    Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0101    
    Check TTL : YES                 
    Config type : vgmp-vrrp         
    Backup-forward : disabled       
    Create time : 2018-03-17 17:37:54 UTC+08:00 
    Last change time : 2018-03-22 16:03:56 UTC+08:00 

 GigabitEthernet1/0/3 | Virtual Router 2 
    State : Backup                  
    Virtual IP : 10.3.0.3            
    Master IP : 10.3.0.1             
    PriorityRun : 120               
    PriorityConfig : 100            
    MasterPriority : 120            
    Preempt : YES   Delay Time : 0 s
    TimerRun : 60 s                 
    TimerConfig : 60 s              
    Auth type : NONE                
    Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0102    
    Check TTL : YES                 
    Config type : vgmp-vrrp         
    Backup-forward : disabled       
    Create time : 2018-03-17 17:37:54 UTC+08:01 
    Last change time : 2018-03-22 16:03:56 UTC+08:01

在FW_A和FW_B上执行display hrp state verbose命令，检查当前VGMP组的状态，显示以下信息表示双机热备建立成功。

FW_A

FW_B

HRP_M<FW_A> display hrp state verbose
 Role: active, peer: standby        
 Running priority: 45000, peer: 45000 
 Backup channel usage: 30%           
 Stable time: 1 days, 13 hours, 35 minutes 
 Last state change information: 2018-03-22 16:01:56 HRP core state changed, old_
state = normal(standby), new_state = normal(active), local_priority = 45000,
 peer_priority = 45000.       
                             
 Configuration:                     
 hello interval:              1000ms
 preempt:                     60s   
 mirror configuration:        off   
 mirror session:              off   
 track trunk member:          on    
 auto-sync configuration:     on    
 auto-sync connection-status: on    
 adjust ospf-cost:            on    
 adjust ospfv3-cost:          on    
 adjust bgp-cost:             on    
 nat resource:                off   
                                    
 Detail information:                
           GigabitEthernet1/0/1 vrrp vrid 1: active
           GigabitEthernet1/0/3 vrrp vrid 2: active

HRP_S<FW_B> display hrp state verbose
 Role: standby, peer: active        
 Running priority: 45000, peer: 45000 
 Backup channel usage: 30%           
 Stable time: 1 days, 13 hours, 35 minutes 
 Last state change information: 2018-03-22 16:03:56 HRP core state changed, old_
state = normal(standby), new_state = normal(standby), local_priority = 45000,
 peer_priority = 45000.       
                             
 Configuration:                     
 hello interval:              1000ms
 preempt:                     60s   
 mirror configuration:        off   
 mirror session:              off   
 track trunk member:          on    
 auto-sync configuration:     on    
 auto-sync connection-status: on    
 adjust ospf-cost:            on    
 adjust ospfv3-cost:          on    
 adjust bgp-cost:             on    
 nat resource:                off   
                                    
 Detail information:                
           GigabitEthernet1/0/1 vrrp vrid 1: standby
           GigabitEthernet1/0/3 vrrp vrid 2: standby

Router位于Untrust区域。在Trust区域的PC端能够ping通Untrust区域的Router。分别在FW_A和FW_B上检查会话。

FW_A

FW_B

HRP_M<FW_A> display firewall session table

 Current Total Sessions : 1
  icmp  VPN: public --> public 10.3.0.10:0[1.1.1.2:10298] --> 1.1.1.10:2048

HRP_S<FW_B> display firewall session table

 Current Total Sessions : 1
  icmp  VPN:public --> public  Remote 10.3.0.10:0[1.1.1.2:10298] --> 1.1.1.10:2048

可以看出FW_B上存在带有Remote标记的会话，表示配置双机热备功能后，会话备份成功。
在PC上执行ping 1.1.1.10 -t，然后将FW_A GE1/0/1接口网线拨出，观察防火墙状态切换及ping包丢包情况；再将FW_A GE1/0/1接口网线恢复，观察防火墙状态切换及ping包丢包情况。

配置脚本

FW_A

FW_B

#
 hrp enable
 hrp interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/7 remote 10.10.0.2
#
interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
 ip address 10.2.0.1 255.255.255.0
 vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 active
#
interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/3
 ip address 10.3.0.1 255.255.255.0
 vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 10.3.0.3 active
#
interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/7
 ip address 10.10.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
firewall zone trust
 set priority 85
 add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/3
#
firewall zone untrust
 set priority 5
 add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
#
firewall zone dmz
 set priority 50
 add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/7
#
 ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.1.10
#    
 nat address-group group1 
 section 0 1.1.1.2 1.1.1.5
#    
security-policy  
 rule name trust_to_untrust
  source-zone trust  
  destination-zone untrust
  source-address 10.3.0.0 24
  action permit    
#    
nat-policy  
 rule name policy_nat1
  source-zone trust
  destination-zone untrust
  source-address 10.3.0.0 16 
  action source-nat address-group group1

#
 hrp enable
 hrp interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/7 remote 10.10.0.1
#
interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
 ip address 10.2.0.2 255.255.255.0
 vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 standby
#
interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/3
 ip address 10.3.0.2 255.255.255.0
 vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 10.3.0.3 standby
#
interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/7
 ip address 10.10.0.2 255.255.255.0
#    
firewall zone trust
 set priority 85
 add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/3
#    
firewall zone untrust
 set priority 5
 add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
#    
firewall zone dmz    
 set priority 50     
 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/7
#
 ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.1.10
#    
 nat address-group group1 
 section 0 1.1.1.2 1.1.1.5
#    
security-policy  
 rule name trust_to_untrust
  source-zone trust  
  destination-zone untrust
  source-address 10.3.0.0 24
  action permit    
#    
nat-policy  
 rule name policy_nat1
  source-zone trust
  destination-zone untrust
  source-address 10.3.0.0 16 
  action source-nat address-group group1

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