NginxNginx的学习（2.Nginx的安装，Linux安装和Windows安装）

Posted 2023-03-28 还是那个同伟伟

1.nginx下载

Nginx官网下载地址 http://nginx.org/en/download.html

1.1 windows安装

windows安装很简单，直接下载windows的版本，注意不要放到包含中文的路径下面
打开下载路径的cmd的窗口，输入 nginx.exe回车即可，
浏览器输入 http://localhost:80 有如下页面即启动成功

1.2 Linux安装

• 可以使用上面的nginx官网下载，文件上传解压
• 也可以使用命令

yum install nginx

• 这里记录一个小问题，阿里云服务配置的80端口安全组，却访问不了？ 解决方法如下：

# 查看防火墙端口
firewall-cmd --list-all
# 加入80端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
# 重启生效
firewall-cmd --reload

• 启动nginx

systemctl start nginx

再次访问就可以了

yum方式安装的默认地址和配置的默认地址
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf //yum方式安装后默认配置文件的路径
/usr/share/nginx/html //nginx网站默认存放目录
/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html //网站默认主页路径

nginx学习1：Linux安装nginx

nginx学习1：Linux安装nginx

nginx安装环境准备

　　1-安装pcre、openssl、zlib

　　2-安装指令：yum -y install gcc zlib zlib-devel pcre-devel openssl openssldevel

Installed:
  pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-17.el7                                                                      zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-18.el7                                                                     

Updated:
  openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-19.el7                                                                         zlib.x86_64 0:1.2.7-18.el7                                                                        

Dependency Updated:
  openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-19.el7                                                                                                                                                                       

Complete!

 

下载并安装nginx

　　1-官网下载nginx(本次下载的版本是nginx-1.12.2.tar)，并上传到Linux服务器/opt目录下

　　2-在/opt下解压文件：先cd /opt；再 tar -xzvf  nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz

　　3-执行nginx-1.12.2目录下的./configure：先cd nginx-1.12.2；再./configure

...........
Configuration summary
  + using system PCRE library
  + OpenSSL library is not used
  + using system zlib library

  nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
  nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
  nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules"
  nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"
  nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
  nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
  nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
  nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
  nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
  nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
  nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
  nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

　　4-编译并安装nginx：make && make install

............
test -d \'/usr/local/nginx/logs\' \\
    || mkdir -p \'/usr/local/nginx/logs\'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/nginx-1.12.2\'

 

　　5-(如果有需要)修改nginx监听端口(/usr/local/nginx/conf/下的nginx.conf 将listen 80 改为listen 8081）：先cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/；再vim nginx.conf

 

#user  nobody; 
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  \'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" \'
    #                  \'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" \'
    #                  \'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"\';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

　　6-启动ngnix(执行 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/下的nginx脚本)：先cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/；再./nginx  

　　8-查看nginx状态：lsof -i:8081

[root@VM_0_4_centos sbin]# lsof -i:8081
COMMAND   PID   USER   FD   TYPE   DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx   16148   root    6u  IPv4 98149743      0t0  TCP *:tproxy (LISTEN)
nginx   16149 nobody    6u  IPv4 98149743      0t0  TCP *:tproxy (LISTEN)

 

检查防火墙是否允许对应的端口号开放

　　1-查看防火墙允许的端口号：firewall-cmd --list-all

　

如下异常：
FirewallD is not running

 　　2-查看防火墙状态：systemctl status firewalld

防火墙dead
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)

　　3-启动防火墙：systemctl start firewalld  (重新查看防火墙状态如下)

防火墙running
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2020-01-29 15:55:58 CST; 1min 54s ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
 Main PID: 10829 (firewalld)
    Tasks: 2
   Memory: 27.1M
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─10829 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

 

　　　4-继续查看防火墙允许的端口号：firewall-cmd --list-all

无端口号开放
public
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: 
  sources: 
  services: ssh dhcpv6-client
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 

 　　5-开放8081端口号：先firewall-cmd --add-port=8081/tcp --permanent；再firewall-cmd --reload

添加端口号
[root@VM_0_4_centos sbin]#  firewall-cmd --add-port=8081/tcp --permanent
success

重新加载防火墙
[root@VM_0_4_centos sbin]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

查看开放端口
[root@VM_0_4_centos sbin]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: 
  sources: 
  services: ssh dhcpv6-client
  ports: 8081/tcp
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 

 

 

浏览器访问nginx

如下成功