rpmbuild 底层原理

Posted 2022-03-05 闭关苦炼内功

Preparing to build RPMs

The main tasks in building RPMs are:

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• Planning what you want to build

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• 应用软件
• 二进制程序、程序库
• 一堆系统配置文件
• 文档包
• 创建一个二进制RPM或者是一个src.rpm包

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• tar.gz，spec
• 手动去编译
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• Gathering the software to package
  
• Patching the software as needed
  
• Creating a reproducible build of the software
  
• Planning for upgrades
  
• Outlining any dependencies（Spec文件）
  
• Building the RPMs

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• Set up the directory structure(禁止使用root用户)
• ​​yum install rpm-build ​​​​[root@oe-20-03-LTS ~]# rpmbuild --help Usage: rpmbuild [OPTION...] Build options with [ <specfile> | <tarball> | <source package> ]: -bp build through %prep (unpack sources and apply patches) from <specfile> -bc build through %build (%prep, then compile) from <specfile> -bi build through %install (%prep, %build, then install) from <specfile> -bl verify %files section from <specfile> -ba build source and binary packages from <specfile> -bb build binary package only from <specfile> -bs build source package only from <specfile> -rp build through %prep (unpack sources and apply patches) from <source package> -rc build through %build (%prep, then compile) from <source package> -ri build through %install (%prep, %build, then install) from <source package> -rl verify %files section from <source package> -ra build source and binary packages from <source package> -rb build binary package only from <source package> -rs build source package only from <source package> -tp build through %prep (unpack sources and apply patches) from <tarball> -tc build through %build (%prep, then compile) from <tarball> -ti build through %install (%prep, %build, then install) from <tarball> -ta build source and binary packages from <tarball> -tb build binary package only from <tarball> -ts build source package only from <tarball> --rebuild build binary package from <source package> --recompile build through %install (%prep, %build, then install) from <source package> --buildroot=DIRECTORY override build root --build-in-place run build in current directory --clean remove build tree when done --nobuild do not execute any stages of the build --nodeps do not verify build dependencies --nodirtokens generate package header(s) compatible with (legacy) rpm v3 packaging --noclean do not execute %clean stage of the build --noprep do not execute %prep stage of the build --nocheck do not execute %check stage of the build --rmsource remove sources when done --rmspec remove specfile when done --short-circuit skip straight to specified stage (only for c,i) --target=CPU-VENDOR-OS override target platform Common options for all rpm modes and executables: -D, --define=MACRO EXPR define MACRO with value EXPR --undefine=MACRO undefine MACRO -E, --eval=EXPR print macro expansion of EXPR --target=CPU-VENDOR-OS Specify target platform --macros=<FILE:...> read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s) --noplugins dont enable any plugins --nodigest dont verify package digest(s) --nosignature dont verify package signature(s) --rcfile=<FILE:...> read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s) -r, --root=ROOT use ROOT as top level directory (default: "/") --dbpath=DIRECTORY use database in DIRECTORY --querytags display known query tags --showrc display final rpmrc and macro configuration --quiet provide less detailed output -v, --verbose provide more detailed output --version print the version of rpm being used Options implemented via popt alias/exec: --with=<option> enable configure <option> for build --without=<option> disable configure <option> for build --buildpolicy=<policy> set buildroot <policy> (e.g. compress man pages) --sign generate GPG signature (deprecated, use command rpmsign instead) --nodebuginfo do not generate debuginfo for this package Help options: -?, --help Show this help message --usage Display brief usage message [root@oe-20-03-LTS ~]# ​​rpm宏查看 rpmbuild --showrc
  ​​[root@oe-20-03-LTS ~]# rpmbuild --showrc ARCHITECTURE AND OS: build arch : aarch64 compatible build archs: aarch64 noarch build os : Linux compatible build oss : Linux install arch : aarch64 install os : Linux compatible archs : aarch64 aarch64_ilp32 noarch compatible oss : Linux RPMRC VALUES: archcolor : 2 optflags : -O2 -g Features supported by rpmlib: rpmlib(BuiltinLuaScripts) = 4.2.2-1 rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) = 3.0.4-1 rpmlib(ConcurrentAccess) = 4.1-1 rpmlib(ExplicitPackageProvide) = 4.0-1 rpmlib(FileCaps) = 4.6.1-1 rpmlib(FileDigests) = 4.6.0-1 rpmlib(HeaderLoadSortsTags) = 4.0.1-1 rpmlib(LargeFiles) = 4.12.0-1 rpmlib(PartialHardlinkSets) = 4.0.4-1 rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) = 4.0-1 rpmlib(PayloadIsBzip2) = 3.0.5-1 rpmlib(PayloadIsLzma) = 4.4.2-1 rpmlib(PayloadIsXz) = 5.2-1 rpmlib(PayloadIsZstd) = 5.4.18-1 rpmlib(RichDependencies) = 4.12.0-1 rpmlib(ScriptletExpansion) = 4.9.0-1 rpmlib(ScriptletInterpreterArgs) = 4.0.3-1 rpmlib(TildeInVersions) = 4.10.0-1 rpmlib(VersionedDependencies) = 3.0.3-1 Macro path: /usr/lib/rpm/macros:/usr/lib/rpm/macros.d/macros.*:/usr/lib/rpm/platform/%_target/macros:/usr/l ib/rpm/fileattrs/*.attr:/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/macros:/etc/rpm/macros.*:/etc/rpm/macros:/etc/rpm/%_target/macr os:~/.rpmmacros ======================== -13: __7zip /usr/bin/7za -13: ___build_args -e -13: ___build_cmd %?_sudo:%_sudo %?_remsh:%_remsh %_remhost %?_remsudo:%_remsudo %?_remc hroot:%_remchroot %_remroot %___build_shell %___build_args -13: ___build_post exit $? -13: ___build_pre RPM_SOURCE_DIR="%u2p:%_sourcedir" RPM_BUILD_DIR="%u2p:%_builddir" RPM_OPT_FLAGS="%optflags" RPM_LD_FLAGS="%?__global_ldflags" RPM_ARCH="%_arch" RPM_OS="%_os" export RPM_SOURCE_DIR RPM_BUILD_DIR RPM_OPT_FLAGS RPM_LD_FLAGS RPM_ARCH RPM_OS RPM_DOC_DIR="%_docdir" export RPM_DOC_DIR RPM_PACKAGE_NAME="%NAME" RPM_PACKAGE_VERSION="%VERSION" RPM_PACKAGE_RELEASE="%RELEASE" export RPM_PACKAGE_NAME RPM_PACKAGE_VERSION RPM_PACKAGE_RELEASE LANG=C export LANG unset CDPATH DISPLAY ||: %?buildroot:RPM_BUILD_ROOT="%u2p:%buildroot" export RPM_BUILD_ROOT %?_javaclasspath:CLASSPATH="%_javaclasspath" export CLASSPATH PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:%_libdir/pkgconfig:%_datadir/pkgconfig" export PKG_CONFIG_PATH CONFIG_SITE=$CONFIG_SITE:-NONE export CONFIG_SITE %verbose:set -x%!verbose:exec > /dev/null umask 022 cd "%u2p:%_builddir" -13: ___build_shell %?_buildshell:%_buildshell%!?_buildshell:/bin/sh -13: ___build_template #!%___build_shell %___build_pre %nil -13: __aclocal aclocal -13: __ar ar -13: __arch_install_post %nil -13: __as as -13: __autoconf autoconf -13: __autoheader autoheader -13: __automake automake -13: __awk gawk -13: __brp_boot_efi_times /usr/lib/rpm/brp-boot-efi-times -13: __brp_compress %_rpmconfigdir/brp-compress -13: __brp_java_gcjcompile %_rpmconfigdir/brp-java-bytecompile -13: __brp_python_bytecompile %_rpmconfigdir/brp-python-bytecompile "" "%?_python_bytecompile_errors_ter minate_build" "%?_python_bytecompile_extra" -13: __brp_strip %_rpmconfigdir/brp-strip %__strip -13: __brp_strip_comment_note %_rpmconfigdir/brp-strip-comment-note %__strip %__objdump -13: __brp_strip_shared %_rpmconfigdir/brp-strip-shared -13: __brp_strip_static_archive %_rpmconfigdir/brp-strip-static-archive %__strip -13: __bzip2 /usr/bin/bzip2 -13: __bzr /usr/bin/bzr -13: __cat /usr/bin/cat -13: __cc gcc -13: __check_files %_rpmconfigdir/check-files %buildroot -13: __chgrp /usr/bin/chgrp -13: __chmod /usr/bin/chmod -13: __chown /usr/bin/chown -13: __cmake /usr/bin/cmake -13: __cmake_path ^(%_libdir|%_datadir)/cmake/.*/.*(Config.cmake|-config.cmake)$ -13: __cmake_provides %_rpmconfigdir/cmake.prov -13: __cmake_requires %_rpmconfigdir/cmake.req -13: __cp /usr/bin/cp -13: __cpio /usr/bin/cpio -13: __cpp gcc -E -13: __cxx g++ ​​vi .rpmmacros
  %_top_dir /…
  mkdir -pv rpmbuild/BUILD,BUILDROOT,RPMS,SOURCES,SPECS,SRPMS
  rpmbuild --showrc | grep _topdir

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• BUILD 源代码解压后放的位置，只需要提供这个目录
• RPMS 制作完成后的rpm包存放目录，里面还有子目录i386，交叉编译，noarch没有平台限制
• SOURCES 原材料，tar.gz、补丁、配置文件
• SPECS 存放spec文件，nginx.spec
• SRPMS src格式的rpm包，src.rpm官方提供
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• Place the sources in the right directory
  
• Create a spec file that tells the rpmbuild command what to do.spec格式文件rpm -qi httpdrrdtoolintroduction section
• prep section 准备阶段 （不可少）

• build section

• install section 安装阶段（不可少）

• clean section

• 脚本段：

  httpd

  %pre

  %post

  %preun

  %postun

  files section 文件段（files段 列出的文件必须要一一对应BUILDROOT目录下的每一个文件，不能多也不能少）

  %files -f %name.lang
  %defattr(-, root, root, 0755)
  %doc API CHANGES COPYING CREDITS README axelrc.example
  %doc %_mandir/main/axel.l*
  %doc %_mandir/*/main/axel.l*
  %config %_sysconfdir/axelrc
  /usr/local/bin/axel
  %attr(0755, root, root) /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx

  change log section 日志段，修改日志，改变日志段

  %changelog
  * Wed Apr 11 2012 xxx.com <[e-mail]> - 1.0.14-1
  - 注释 Initial version

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• ​​%clean​​
• ​​%__rm -rf %buildroot​​
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• Build the source and binary RPMs
  rpmbuild command
  -bp 执行到 %prep
  -bi 执行到 %install
  -bc 执行到 %build
  -bb 执行到 制作二进制格式的rpm包
  -bs 执行到 制作源码格式的rpm包
  -ba 执行到 all，二进制格式的、源码格式的都制作
  -bl 执行到 制作完成后，检测哪些文件在BUILDROOT目录下存在安装生成，但是却在制作rpm过程中在files段中没有给它包含到rpm包中，会帮忙检查报错，安装了却没包含rpm包会报错，包含进rpm包却没安装生成也会报错，双方必须要一一对应。
  
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• Testing the RPMs
  
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rpmbuild -bp nginx.spec
如果报缺少依赖关系，yum给它装上

执行build阶段
rpmbuild -bc nginx.spec

执行install安装阶段
rpmbuild -bi nginx.spec
安装报错，没有文件，自己建立没有文件

制作所有包
执行build all安装阶段
rpmbuild -ba nginx.spec
到RPMS目录

每一个RPM包都有一种capability能力

自身名字、提供的文件

编译依赖、安装依赖

如果有src.rpm包，直接 rpmbuild --rebuild 去制作，不用root用户

展开src.rpm包

rpm2cpio nginx-1.0.14-3.src.rpm | cpio -id

寻找rpm包的两个常用站点

rpmfind.net

rpmpone.com

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