手把手教你使用Python打造一款摸鱼倒计界面

Posted 2022-01-18 Python进阶者

大家好，我是吴老板。

前言

前段时间在微博看到一段摸鱼人的倒计时模板，感觉还挺有趣的。

---

于是我用了一小时的时间写了个页面出来 摸鱼办地址 (当然是摸鱼的时间啦)。

模板是这样的:

摸鱼办公室 ????

你好，摸鱼人，工作再累，一定不要忘记摸鱼哦 ! 有事没事起身去茶水间去廊道去天台走走，别老在工位上坐着。多喝点水，钱是老板的，但命是自己的 !

???? 距离 周末 放假还有 2 天

???? 距离 元旦 放假还有 3 天

???? 距离 过年 放假还有 34 天

???? 距离 清明节 放假还有 97 天

???? 距离 劳动节 放假还有 123 天

???? 距离 端午节 放假还有 156 天

???? 距离 中秋节 放假还有 255 天

???? 距离 国庆节 放假还有 276 天

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• • 
    
• 由于前端是单页面服务，直接撸一个原始的 ​​html​​ 网页就行。
• ​​FastAPI​​ 对于异步请求是一把好手、更轻、性能更佳。
• 挂上一层 ​​nginx​​ 让它看起来像那么回事儿。
  • 
    

实现过程

• • 
    
• 首先要知道、除了静态文字之外的比如当前日期、距离节日放假的天数等都是动态返回的，我需要使用 Jinja2 模板进行动态绑定。
• 我应该把重点放在时间的处理上。
• 而且在这个模板中，有阳历的节日，也是阴历的节日，我需要转换。
  • 
    

初始化一个 FastAPI 对象并声明静态页面的模板目录 (Jinja2Templates)

*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import datetime
from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
from zhdate import ZhDate as lunar_date

app = FastAPI(
    debug=False,
    title="My API",
    docs_url="/docs",
    openapi_url=f"/openapi.json"
)

templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")`

可以看到的是我用到了 ​​zhdate​​​ 这个库、主要用于​​阴历​​​和​​阳历​​之间的相互转换。用法如下

today = datetime.date.today()
print(today.year, today.month, today.day)
print("大年时间: ", lunar_date(today.year+1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date())
print("端午时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date())
print("中秋时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date())
print("元旦时间: ", f"today.year+1-01-01")
print("清明时间: ", f"today.year-04-05")
print("劳动时间: ", f"today.year-05-01")
print("国庆时间: ", f"today.year-10-01")

我们可以梳理一下:

• • 
    
• 计算距离 ​​大年、元旦​​​ 的天数时，要在年份上 ​​+1​​
• 计算距离 ​​其他节日​​​ 的天数时，要判断天数差是否小于 ​​0​​​，如果是，则年份需要 ​​+1​​，因为已经过去的节日对此没有意义
  • 
    

distance_big_year = (lunar_date(today.year + 1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date() - today).days

distance_5_5 = (lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_5_5 = distance_5_5 if distance_5_5 > 0 else (
        lunar_date(today.year + 1, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days

distance_8_15 = (lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_8_15 = distance_8_15 if distance_8_15 > 0 else (
        lunar_date(today.year + 1, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days

distance_year = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"today.year + 1-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days

distance_4_5 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"today.year-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_4_5 = distance_4_5 if distance_4_5 > 0 else (
        datetime.datetime.strptime(f"today.year + 1-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days

distance_5_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"today.year-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_5_1 = distance_5_1 if distance_5_1 > 0 else (
        datetime.datetime.strptime(f"today.year + 1-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days

distance_10_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"today.year-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_10_1 = distance_10_1 if distance_10_1 > 0 else (
        datetime.datetime.strptime(f"today.year + 1-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days

怎么样? 我的命名足够疯狂吧。

接下来需要计算一下距离​​周末​​的天数。

def get_week_day(date):
    week_day_dict = 
        0: 星期一,
        1: 星期二,
        2: 星期三,
        3: 星期四,
        4: 星期五,
        5: 星期六,
        6: 星期天,
    
    day = date.weekday()
    return week_day_dict[day]

week_day_ = get_week_day(today)
print(f"今天是: week_day_") # 先获取今天是星期几

按照每周 ​​5​​ 个工作日计算，今天距离周末的天数就是

5 - today.weekday() # today.weekday() 今天距离周末

现在将所有的数据组装起来

time_ = [
    "v_": distance_year, "title": "元旦",  # 距离元旦
    "v_": distance_big_year, "title": "过年",  # 距离过年
    "v_": distance_4_5, "title": "清明节",  # 距离清明
    "v_": distance_5_1, "title": "劳动节",  # 距离劳动
    "v_": distance_5_5, "title": "端午节",  # 距离端午
    "v_": distance_8_15, "title": "中秋节",  # 距离中秋
    "v_": distance_10_1, "title": "国庆节",  # 距离国庆
]

至于为什么是 ​​List​​​ 而不是 ​​Dict​​​，那是我需要做一个根据距离天数的​​排序​​，让最先放假的节日放于最前面， 这样看起来会舒服得多。

time_ = sorted(time_, key=lambda x: x[v_], reverse=False)

接下来要写一个 路由，将数据传入到 ​​html​​ 页面中去。

@app.get("/", response_class=HTMLResponse)
async def readme(request: Request):
    return templates.TemplateResponse("readme.html",
                                      "request": request, "time_": time_, "now_": now_, "week_day_": week_day_)

来看一下完整的代码 (main.py):

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import datetime
from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
from zhdate import ZhDate as lunar_date

app = FastAPI(
    debug=False,
    title="My API",
    docs_url=f"/docs",
    openapi_url=f"/openapi.json"
)

templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")

today = datetime.date.today()

# print(today.year, today.month, today.day)
# print("大年时间: ", lunar_date(today.year+1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date())
# print("端午时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date())
# print("中秋时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date())
# print("元旦时间: ", f"today.year+1-01-01")
# print("清明时间: ", f"today.year+1-04-05")
# print("劳动时间: ", f"today.year+1-05-01")
# print("国庆时间: ", f"today.year+1-10-01")

distance_big_year = (lunar_date(today.year + 1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date() - today).days

distance_5_5 = (lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_5_5 = distance_5_5 if distance_5_5 > 0 else (
        lunar_date(today.year + 1, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days

distance_8_15 = (lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_8_15 = distance_8_15 if distance_8_15 > 0 else (
        lunar_date(today.year + 1, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days

distance_year = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"today.year + 1-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days

distance_4_5 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"today.year-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_4_5 = distance_4_5 if distance_4_5 > 0 else (
        datetime.datetime.strptime(f"today.year + 1-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days

distance_5_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"today.year-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_5_1 = distance_5_1 if distance_5_1 > 0 else (
        datetime.datetime.strptime(f"today.year + 1-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days

distance_10_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"today.year-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_10_1 = distance_10_1 if distance_10_1 > 0 else (
        datetime.datetime.strptime(f"today.year + 1-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days

def get_week_day(date):
    week_day_dict = 
        0: 星期一,
        1: 星期二,
        2: 星期三,
        3: 星期四,
        4: 星期五,
        5: 星期六,
        6: 星期天,
    
    day = date.weekday()
    return week_day_dict[day]

# print("距离大年: ", distance_big_year)
# print("距离端午: ", distance_5_5)
# print("距离中秋: ", distance_8_15)
# print("距离元旦: ", distance_year)
# print("距离清明: ", distance_4_5)
# print("距离劳动: ", distance_5_1)
# print("距离国庆: ", distance_10_1)
# print("距离周末: ", 5 - today.weekday())

now_ = f"today.year年today.month月today.day日"
week_day_ = get_week_day(today)
time_ = [
    "v_": 5 - 1 - today.weekday(), "title": "周末",  # 距离周末
    "v_": distance_year, "title": "元旦",  # 距离元旦
    "v_": distance_big_year, "title": "过年",  # 距离过年
    "v_": distance_4_5, "title": "清明节",  # 距离清明
    "v_": distance_5_1, "title": "劳动节",  # 距离劳动
    "v_": distance_5_5, "title": "端午节",  # 距离端午
    "v_": distance_8_15, "title": "中秋节",  # 距离中秋
    "v_": distance_10_1, "title": "国庆节",  # 距离国庆
]

time_ = sorted(time_, key=lambda x: x[v_], reverse=False)

@app.get("/", response_class=HTMLResponse)
async def readme(request: Request):
    return templates.TemplateResponse("readme.html",
                                      "request": request, "time_": time_, "now_": now_, "week_day_": week_day_)

if __name__ == __main__:
    import uvicorn

    uvicorn.run(app=main:app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8080, reload=True)

最后就到了 ​​html​​ 页面部分了，来看一下主要的传值。

<center>
    【摸鱼办公室】今天是  now_   week_day_ 
    <br><br>
    % for v_ in time_ %
        <p>???? 距离  v_.title  放假还有  v_.v_  天</p>
    % else %
        <p>沒有任何值</p>
    % endfor %

</center>

这样整个的路由构造和页面编写就算是完成了。

最后通过 ​​Nginx​​ 部署到我的站点上。

摸鱼办预览地址

代码已经上传至 摸鱼办：

https://github.com/PY-GZKY/moyu

你可能会有更多的想法、可以在评论区讨论、一切为了摸鱼。

小伙伴们，快快用实践一下吧！如果在学习过程中，有遇到任何问题，欢迎加我好友，我拉你进Python学习交流群共同探讨学习。