循环神经网络系列Tensorflow中dynamic_rnn
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1.回顾
上一篇博文(循环神经网络系列(一)Tensorflow中BasicRNNCell)中我们介绍了在Tensoflow中,每个RNN单元的实现,以及对应各个参数的含义。自那之后,我们就能通过Tensorflow实现一个单元的计算了。
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1, 0, 1, 2], [2, 1, 1, 1]])
X = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.float32, shape=[2, 4], name=input)
cell = tf.nn.rnn_cell.BasicRNNCell(num_units=5) # output_size:10,也可以换成GRUCell,LSTMAACell,BasicRNNCell
h0 = cell.zero_state(batch_size=2, dtype=tf.float32) # batch_size:2
output, h1 = cell.call(X, h0)
with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
a, b = (sess.run([output, h1], feed_dict=X: x))
print(output:)
print(a)
print(h1:)
print(b)
>>
output:
[[ 0.4495004 0.9573416 0.6013933 0.75571895 -0.8172958 ]
[ 0.6624889 0.7011481 0.68771356 0.77796507 -0.7617092 ]]
h1:
[[ 0.4495004 0.9573416 0.6013933 0.75571895 -0.8172958 ]
[ 0.6624889 0.7011481 0.68771356 0.77796507 -0.7617092 ]]
通过以上的代码,我们完成了如下操作:
但是通常情况下,我们都是要进行这样的操作:
输入 h 0 , x 1 h_0,x_1 h0,x1得到 o u t p u t 1 , h 1 output_1,h_1 output1,h1;然后输入 h 1 , x 2 h_1,x_2 h1,x2得到 o u t p u t 2 , h 2 output_2,h_2 output2,h2;接着再输入 h 2 , x 3 h_2,x_3 h2,x3得到 o u t p u t 3 , h 3 output_3,h_3 output3,h3以此类推。那么如何通过Tensorflow一步实现呢?
2. dynamic_rnn
为了实现一步计算多次,我们就要用到Tensorflow中的dynamic_rnn(),代码如下(实现了上图列出的三步
):
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
from tensorflow.python.ops import variable_scope as vs
output_size = 5
batch_size = 4
time_step = 3
dim = 3
cell = tf.nn.rnn_cell.BasicRNNCell(num_units=output_size)
inputs = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.float32, shape=[time_step, batch_size, dim])
h0 = cell.zero_state(batch_size=batch_size, dtype=tf.float32)
X = np.array([[[1, 2, 1], [2, 0, 0], [2, 1, 0], [1, 1, 0]], # x1
[[1, 2, 1], [2, 0, 0], [2, 1, 0], [1, 1, 0]], # x2
[[1, 2, 1], [2, 0, 0], [2, 1, 0], [1, 1, 0]]]) # x3
outputs, final_state = tf.nn.dynamic_rnn(cell, inputs, initial_state=h0, time_major=True)
sess = tf.Session()
sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
a, b = sess.run([outputs, final_state], feed_dict=inputs:X)
print(a)
print(b)
其中第7行time_step=3就表示计算三步,所以输入X就对应有三个部分。再最终的输出结果中,outputs里包含了( o u t p u t s 1 , o u t p u t s 2 , o u t p u t s 3 ) outputs_1,outputs_2,outputs_3) outputs1,outputs2,outputs3),而final_stat就只是 h 3 h_3 h3,并且 o u t p u t s 3 , h 3 outputs_3,h_3 outputs3,h3是相等的。
结果:
outputs:
[[[ 0.9427065 -0.92617476 -0.79179853 0.6308035 0.07298201]
[ 0.7051633 -0.62077284 -0.79618317 0.5004738 -0.20110159]
[ 0.85066974 -0.77197933 -0.76875883 0.80251306 -0.04951192]
[ 0.67497337 -0.57974416 -0.4408107 0.68083197 0.05233984]]# output1
[[ 0.9828192 -0.9433205 -0.9233751 0.72930676 -0.34445292]
[ 0.92153275 -0.58029604 -0.8949743 0.5431045 -0.46945637]
[ 0.9690989 -0.7922626 -0.8973758 0.81312704 -0.46288016]
[ 0.88565385 -0.6617377 -0.68075943 0.70066273 -0.34827012]]# output2
[[ 0.99172366 -0.93298715 -0.9272905 0.7158564 -0.46278387]
[ 0.9566409 -0.5595625 -0.9101479 0.58005375 -0.5905321 ]
[ 0.9838727 -0.7693646 -0.91019756 0.82892674 -0.58026373]
[ 0.9438508 -0.61732507 -0.7356022 0.73460865 -0.483655 ]]]# output3
final_state:
[[ 0.99172366 -0.93298715 -0.9272905 0.7158564 -0.46278387]
[ 0.9566409 -0.5595625 -0.9101479 0.58005375 -0.5905321 ]
[ 0.9838727 -0.7693646 -0.91019756 0.82892674 -0.58026373]
[ 0.9438508 -0.61732507 -0.7356022 0.73460865 -0.483655 ]]# final_satae
3.总结
当使用dynamic_rnn
时,对于输入数据的格式有两种:
第一种:输入格式为[batch_size,time_steps,input_size]
,此时得到的输出output的形状为[batch_size,time_steps,output_size]
,final_state的形状为[batch_size,state_size]
第二种:也就是我们上面用到的,此时的输入格式为[time_steps,batch_size,input_size]
,得到的输出output的形状为[time_steps,batch_size,output_size]
,final_state的形状仍然为[batch_size,state_size]
,但此时要指定time_major = True
对比这两种输入方式,第二种最大的优点就是输出的结果形式方便我们观察。
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